03.00.00 Biological sciences
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VARIETY OF MICROORGANISMS GROUPS LIVING ON BERRIES OF GRAPES
DescriptionThe wide variety of microorganisms has been identified in many wine-making countries on the berries of grapes. These are yeasts of different families, forms and kinds, bacterium, mold fungi. In the article, we present the results of investigating species composition of microflora of berries of white and red types of grape, which grows in different economies of the Krasnodar region and the republic of Abkhaziya. The sowings onto the elective media were conducted for the development of entire spectrum of yeast. The grown colonies after preliminary microscoping were separated into the cultures and subjected to testing according to the culturalmorphological signs, being guided by determinants and benefits. It was established the specific variety of microflora on the surface of the berries of grapes of all investigated types, without dependence on the place of their growth. Obtained data showed that the group of yeast, which constantly is present in the complex of the epiphytic microorganisms of grapes of Saccharomyces, Pichia, Hansenula, Hanseniaspora was characteristic for all types of grapes in all investigated regions. The heterogeneity of the taxonometric composition of microflora is shown. Prevailed yeasts were of family Saccharomycetaceae, form Saccharomyces vini. A quantity of yeast of Saccharomyces vini decreases in a number of Myskhako-Caucasus-Fanagoriya, that as a whole will be coordinated with the climatic conditions. Only the type of Pinot nuar grapes had yeasts of Brettanomyces Dekkera. On the berries of Cabernets and Karaburnu we have discovered yeasts of Schisosaccharomyces acidodevoratus, causing acid-reduction. On the berries of the grapes, which grew in joint stock company APF “Fanagoriya” we haven’t revealed the presence of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus brevis and yeasts of the form of Schisosaccharomyces acidodevoratus. In the same farm the smallest quantity of yeastswreckers is noted, which we the forms of Pichia and Candida. In the microflora of Cabernets, Risling and, especially, Karaburnu grapes, we have found lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis. Lactobacillus plantarum. Among the bacteria the total quantity of coccic flora composes - 56 %, the rod-shaped - 44 %. Two types of active acetous bacteria are identified – Acetobacter aceti and Acetobacter xelinum. Especially high was their surface concentration on the berries of Kachich type of grapes
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SPECIES DIVERSITY OF LONG GOURD LAGENARIA SICERARIA (MOLINA) STANDL
DescriptionThe issues of international spread of fruits of long gourd lagenaria and the introduction of it in culture are considered in the article. We have shown how to use it as a vegetable crop and considered varietal diversity of this species. The biological characteristics of lagenaria cultivation as vegetable plants, including peculiarities of the reproductive system have been marked. We have also considered the issues of cultivation and distribution of long gourd lagenaria (zycca) for food
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SPECIES COMPOSITION OF ALGOFLORA IN AGROCENOSIS OF KUBAN
DescriptionSpecies composition and abundance of soil algal flora were studied in the Central zone of the Krasnodar region on crops of crops cultivated by various technologies. In the algal flora of the studied area, 48 species of soil algae and cyanobacteria from 28 genera and 18 families, 7 classes and 4 divisions were identified. The largest and numerous in number of species are the departments: Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta. Extensive delivery: Oscillatoria, Gloeocapsa. They account for 22 % of the total number of species. A negative effect of herbicides on number and species composition of soil algae was noted. In all variants of their application there was no form of Klebsormidium flaccidum (Kützing). The number of species of Chlorella vulgaris Beyer. was low, Botrydiopsis arhiza Borzi. It is believed that these species of algae can be used as bioindicators. The positive effect of mineral fertilizers and the aftereffect of introducing organic matter on the soil algal flora have been established. In these variants the deleterious effect of herbicides was reduced. According to the calculated regression equations, the applied mineral fertilizers to a greater extent weakened the negative effect of herbicides on the total number of populations than the aftereffect of introduced organics
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Description
The article presents the results of the research carried out in 2007-2014. The aim of the study was the composition of the microflora of the leaf surface of some plants of the family Grossulariaceae. Based on these data, the authors distinguish the typical representatives of the leaf surface microflora. The authors study the features of isolated strains interactions
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Description
We have presented information about species diversity of the coastal zoobenthos in some of Karasun lakes, Krasnodar. We have shown methodology information and reported the research area. We have made a taxonomic analysis. The biomass and the quantity of the main zoobenthos groups were calculated. Based on the two main fodder objects - Olygochaeta and Chironomidae and the P/B coefficient, there was calculated zoobenthos production of the studied lakes. The potential fish capacity was defined
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SPECIES OF VENOMOUS SNAKES OF FAUNA OF NAXÇIVAN AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the results of study of taxonomic situation and ecological features of venomous snake species spread in the territory of the Naxçıvan Autonomous republic. Materials for researches have been collected within 2011-2014 on different biotopes and landscapes according to altitudinal belts of the region. 4 venomous species like: Macrovipera lebetina, Montivipera raddei, Pelias renardi, Pelias dinniki and 2 semivenomous snake species like: Telescopus fallax and Malpolon monspessulanus were revealed in herpetofauna of the Autonomous Republic
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VISUAL PHENOTYPING IN PLANT BREEDING
DescriptionThe article is devoted to visual analysis and its application in the selection process. New possibilities of application of visual display of information in the research process are considered. We have presented the examples of the use of visual phenotyping in breeding, evaluated the advantages and disadvantages in this area. In particular, the algorithm of the program of LHDetect for estimating leaf pubescence of wheat wafers is described, based on the analysis of digital images of the sheet bend. We have also considered Phenotiki platform that uses digital images of the profile of plants for visual phenotyping to assess plant growth. Based on the analysis of various studies it was noted that the application of visual analysis for some purposes is very effective, but for others, on the contrary, not effective. We highlight the actual problems of proper representation and converting information. The article shows the various causes of loss and distortion of data, as well as possible solutions to these problems. The work describes the application of ASK-analysis in the selection process. As an example, it describes the evaluation of the polymorphism of variety groups of grapes. We have presented interesting solutions and ways to minimize distortion and loss of information in the process of its transformation found by the authors of these works. The article reveals the concept of "computational biology" and describes fundamental differences from other areas as well as tasks, problems, possible research areas and promising directions of development of computer biology
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Description
Puccinia triticina isolates from North Caucasus and Leningrad region were compared in regard to the genetic structure, phenotypic composition as well as frequency of occurrence of RAPD-phenotypes and polymorphous major fragments with the help of Rogers index. Did not demonstrate any significant differences according to their genetic structure and occurrence of major fragments of DNA-polymorphism. The difference of isolates from given regions was determined with high degree of confidence according to the phenotypes of virulence and RAPD-phenotypes
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Description
The article presents the data on vitality and age structure of Beckmannia syzigachne and Calamagrostis langsdorffii соеnopopulations under conditions of the Lena-Viluy interfluve. The study revealed 3 types of vitality of Beckmannia syzigachne (prosperous, equilibrium, and depressive), 2 types of vitality of Calamagrostis langsdorffii (prosperous and depressive). The age spectrum in both species is normal, non-complete, left-sided. According to the delta-omega classification, the coenopopulations are considered to be young
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VITAL STRUCTURE OF OAK GROVES OF THE WESTERN CAUCASUS
DescriptionOak Durmast and English Oak researches on a sanitary-pathological condition of oak stands are conducted in different growing conditions direction of slopes, forest stand height on a slope (top, average, bottom) and cutslope ratio (5 – 15º and 25 – 35º)