06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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INFLUENCE OF PREPARATIONS OF THE TRADEMARK “ECOGEL” ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF APPLE-TREES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Introduction of new elements of fruit cultivation technology into production is one of the elements of intensification of the branch. The problem of providing plants with moisture is the key in modern technology. The purpose of the research is a development and manufacturing of innovative methods of water supply of modern fruit plantations. Researches were conducted in two fruiting zones of the Krasnodar region (Northern and Kuban) with the aim of assessment of influence of different ways of water supply on the growth and productivity of apple-tree varieties: Idared and Gala Schniga grafted on the stock М9 and planted in 2012 due to the scheme 3,5x0,8 m. There was determined that the application of the absorbent Aqua Life and absorbents with the addition of recommended elements (Ecogel-1; Ecogel-2) increase the acclimation rate of seedlings on 2- 6%. The presence of proper conducting system to supply with the moisture and nutrients the overhead part (roots-leaves) and a large number of photosynthezing apparatus promoted to obtain the high-quality fruit productivity, accumulation of phytomass and increase of fruit quality. We have found, that complexes of hydroabsorbents on the basis “Aqua Life”, “Ecogel-1” and “Ecogel-2” in conditions of Kuban in fruiting apple-tree plantations on dwarf stocks showed the high effectiveness on water supply, for the first time
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ECOGEL IS THE NEWEST COMPLEX OF WATER SUPPLY FOR FRUIT PLANTS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
From 2011 to 2015 in the laboratory conditions there were studied the physical properties of absorbents in the controlled environment. There was defined that in the variant of the "soil+water" the usual colloidal mass is formed and in variants "soil+absorbents+water" - a mixture of soil and gel. There was determined that the least diurnal evaporation was fixed at the use of the mixture: soil+ preparation “Ecogel-1”. In the control variant of the experiment the full water evaporation was marked on 31st day after beginning of the experiment, in the variant with the use of the absorbent Aqua Life the whole water evaporated on 48th day, and at the use of preparations Ecogel-1 and Ecogel-2 the duration of evaporation of the same amount of water supply at temperature 22-24оС and air moisture in 55-60% continued 57-65 days. In the result of five-year laboratory researches there was determined the possibility of development of water-saving technology for fruit plantations. When we used absorbents (granules, powders) in planting process and watering resulting the gel-like mass completely collapses the root system of fruit plants and the operation of the system "soil-roots-leaves" will not depend on the physical condition of soil and environment due to water consumption for transpiration
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Protected soil of Russia which has been stagnant for a long time began to expand actively and to modernize. The State Program of protected soil development for 2015-2016 promotes it, according to which every year it is planned to introduce 200 – 215 ha of modern industrial greenhouses. There was set the task of production of 1 mln. tons of greenhouse vegetables by the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia to 2020. Existing greenhouses of the IV generation of the type "Venlo" takes about 2.2 hectares in the country and are successfully used by producers of vegetables, obtaining in a year-round period 700 – 720 thousand tons of vitamin production. At present time the special attention of greenhouse owners is paid to greenhouses of the V generation of the system UltraClima, ModulAIR, in which we modernized the system of microclimate parameter management allowing to eliminate the critical periods of management by thermal isolation in the second part of May to the end of summer. The offered systems allow essentially economizing energy expenses, considerably to increase the profitability of vegetable production at the expense of management by growth’s processes and plant development. The innovation solutions in a greenhouse construction on the example of the first Russian greenhouse with the system UltraClima constructed in the Lipetsk region are discussed in this article. There was shown the characteristic of a new analogous development of Russian engineers having a number of advantages in comparison with UltraClima
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INTRODUCTION OF NEW PERSPECTIVE TABLE GRADES OF GRAPES TO IN VITRO CULTURE
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In this article we present information on features of microcloning in culture of in vitro of perspective for Eurasia, pink and white-berry table genetic grades of grapes by I. A. Kostrikin, V. N. Kraynov and V. V. Zagorulko. Researches were conducted at an input stage in culture of in vitro of meristems of 0,1-0,2 mm in size. At the majority of grades and forms, we noted good regeneration abilities in the conditions of sterile culture. It is bound to the fact that almost all the studied grades: Anyuta, Bogatyanovsky, the Princess Olga, Preobrazhenie, Anniversary of Novocherkassk, Favor are received from crossing of couple the Mascot × Sultana-ray grape. And only grades called Libya and Lowland which showed lower regeneration properties at stages of proliferation and rooting of shoots are received from crossing the couple of Flamingo × Arkadya and (Talisman x Tomaysky) respectively. At the same time, the grade of Talisman, being one of the parents of the majority of the studied grades, showed stable results at all stages of cultivation
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article presents the data of 40-year-old variety-trial cultivation of hybrid black poplar and balsamic sections, as a result of which addressed issues of selection range of appropriate varieties, their cultivation technology, aspects of agrotechnology and protection against pests. At the same time, it absorbed and non-forest land reclamation funds, in particular sandy and shell, lowhumus, floodplain soils. As a result, the five-year variety trials found that under the conditions of the Eastern Azov on humus shell rock underlain by low-mineralized groundwater on accessible depth for roots (up to 150 cm), the most highly productive and are stable clones of Euro-American poplar: Brabantika-175, Sanrau-59, a Moshnyi-236 and 195 , Bahel, ZS-33 Vernirubens, 60001/1, Caroline-162. In terms of growth, they are superior to the local Canadian poplar and other varieties of poplars. Resistance to environmental and biological factors of the environment most highly productive species and varieties of poplars are much higher than the low productivity. Culture of poplar planting might create unrooted plants directly on the silvicultural area, which reduces the cost of rooting plants at the nursery, their digging and transportation and provides a high survival rate. Culture of poplar are used for the afforestation of poor sandy forest-steppe zone arrays, often introduced as the main breed at shelterbelt afforestation
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THE SYSTEM OF PROTECTIVE FOREST PLANTATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION IN RUSSIA
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article presents the indicators of the protective afforestation of the Central black earth region, biometric growth index, agricultural and environmental impact of forest belts, efficiency of agroterritories
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STARTING MATERIAL FOR BREEDING COLD TOLERANT RICE VARIETIES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
27 introduced variety samples of rice from 8 countries were studied by the complex of biological, morphological, agronomic traits to select the most valuable genotypes for including them into breeding programs on development of cold tolerant rice varieties. It was found that the studied introduced varietal samples were characterized by variation in duration which varied from 120 to 182 days. Variety samples from Bhutan ATTEY, PARO DUMBJA (White) had shown response to photoperiod and the panicles didn’t appear in conditions of Krasnodar region. During the study there were selected high productive forms Obongbueo and Tinbubueo from S. Korea with grain weight 81.67 g / vessel and 74.43 g / vessel, respectively. According to results of research there were selected five cold tolerant samples Tong Jing 29 (China), Giza 178 (Egypt), Istigbol and Mustagillik (Uzbekistan), ZAKHA (Bhutan), evaluation result of which were on the same level with those of standard check variety Kuban 3, as well as those of samples with increased resistance IR83222- F8-14 and IR83222-F8-156 (Philippines), PARO DUMBJA (White) and THIMPHU DUMBJA (Bhutan). As a result of research there were selected three introduced rice variety samples Tong Jing 29 (China), Tinbubueo (S. Korea) and SR 30084-F8-156 (Philippines) which by duration, morphotype and agronomic traits are considered as candidates for further hybridization and breeding as sources of useful traits and properties
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DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY-RIPENING WHITE CABBAGE VARIETIES IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Early-ripening white cabbage has a special place among the vegetables cultivated in Kuban region. It opens the pipeline of vegetables from the open ground and is supplied to other regions at a time when shortage of vegetables of domestic production is felt the most. Modern producer requirements to domestic hybrids are the highest - product quality, uniformity and productivity should not concede to foreign analogues. Ways to improve the quality of early ripening hybrids: development of lines based on modern foreign hybrids, high uniformity of lines by morphological and economic traits. Development of male sterile lines and dihaploid lines in culture in vitro can more successfully solve the problem of quality of early ripening hybrids. The use of the above methods and approaches helped develop series of inbred lines - gene sources for complex agronomic traits. On the vase of obtained lines promising earlyripening hybrids were developed. One of the hybrids, Ritsa F1, entered the State register of breeding achievements. Advantages of the hybrid: earliness, uniformity and high marketability of heads, high productivity. According to results of contest trial new hybrid Milana F1 is passed for State trial, this hybrid has high productivity potential for growing in sale cropping. Both hybrids were produced with the participation of male sterile line Dt46f, resistant to fusarium. High quality seeds of these hybrids were produced in a greenhouse in direct crop for a wide industrial and environmental testing
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Numerous studies have found a different quality of the buds along the length of the fruit arms, which expressed various degrees establishing embryonic inflorescences in the central buds. It is revealed that many of the grapes have more fruit-bearing eyes formed on average (4-6 knots) and upper (7 to 10 knots) levels of fruit escape, compared to the lower (1-3 nodes) layer. In connection with the different quality of the buds along the length of fruit vines should be used and different ways of cutting them. It is necessary to consider the biological characteristics of varieties, ways of doing and shaping the bushes, the weather conditions of the area during the growing season and relative calm. To receive annually a stable high yield of grapes, we must first set the optimal length of pruning fruit shoots and optimal load on the Bush healthy eyes. This requires for each class on the eve of trimming bushes to carry out the analysis of the wintering holes along the length of the fruit shoots and to identify the embryonic fruitfulness of Central buds, i.e. to carry out the prediction of grape yield next year. The article presents data on the formation of the embryonic fruitfulness of Central buds of wintering buds at the Taman group of grapes – Arcadia, Viorica, Hibernal, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Moldova, Pinot white, Riesling, Saperavi, Traminer pink, Tsimlyansky black, Chardonnay. Found higher rates of embryonic fruitfulness of Central buds buds in the studied grape varieties - Chardonnay, Riesling, Viorica, Hibernal, Merlot, Moldova, where the coefficients of fruiting ranged from 1.40 m from Riesling to 1.69 from Merlot; factor productivity of 1.58 from the Chardonnay to 1.77 from Merlo. The high percentage of fruitful buds from 80,8 from Cabernet Sauvignon to 95.6 in the cultivars Merlot and Chardonnay. A higher percentage of eyes with 2 embryonic buds in the cultivars Merlot and Viorica who have this indicator amounted to, respectively: 75,6 and 70.6%. Forecasting a crop of grapes next year to trim the bushes on the proposed method will provide a full crop of grapes
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CAYENNE, NEW HERBICIDE FOR FIGHTING WEEDS IN CROPS OF WINTER WHEAT
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
One of the most destabilizing factors of crop production is weed infestation of crops. Despite annual herbicide treatment, weed infestation of crops of winter wheat remains high, with a predominance of annual dicotyledonous weed with a higher proportion of drug resistant on the basis of 2,4-D. We also notice increased range and density of perennial dicotyledonous weeds. New combinational herbicide called Cayenne, manufactured by LLC "Agro Expert group", which in its composition contains two active substances: thifensulfuron-methyl (500 g/l) and florasulam (170 g/l), highly inhibits both annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds. According to the working program of the registrant's company we have tested Cayenne on crops of winter wheat in spring in the tillering phase and the formation of the second internode. It is shown that its use in doses of 0.025 and 0.035 kg/ha in mixture with 200 ml/ha of surfactant-Bit 90, W provides effective suppression of annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds (90 – 100 %). The negative effect on the culture was not observed. At the same time, within 2-3 days after herbicide application we observed cessation of growth, chlorosis, dieback of growing points of weeds. Complete death was observed after 15 – 20 days
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