06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThis article presents the studying results of new premixes of domestic production using efficiency based on processed products, in particular - oil cakes. The research was carried out in the conditions of the second-order pedigree reproductor in LLC "Svetly" in the Svetloyarsky district of the Volgograd region in the period from 2015 to 2017. During the scientific and economic experience, the authors revealed the new fodder additives positive influence on the laying hens’ egg productivity, on the eggs morphological and incubation rates and on the got young birds. The use of premixes in layer diet, which included the fodder concentrate from the plant raw material "Sarepta" and Camelina seed oil cake, contributed to the increase in the hens laying capacity, in general, the group received in 249 and 310 pieces more than in the control one. The egg average weight from the chickens of the control group was 60.89 g; from the first experimental it was 61.33 g; from the second experimental it was 61.39 g, which was higher than in the control one, respectively, by 0.44 g and 0.50 g. While the hatching eggs morphological indices analysis, it was revealed that all parameters are within the permissible limits of the physiological norm. Fertilization of eggs in the control group was at the level of 89.33%, which is lower than in the experimental groups. As a whole, the eggs' production in groups was 20.00% in the control, 17.33% in the 1st group, and 16.00% in the 2nd test group
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article reviews the results of studying the influence of mineral fertilizers on the uvological, yielding and qualitative indices of the Merlot grape variety in the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region. The technology of cultivation of grapes on the experimental plot was performed in accordance with the accepted for the given zone and culture. Agrobiological work was carried out at the optimal time and had a high quality of execution. Grape bushes were laid in a 3.0 x 2.0 m pattern. Formation - a two-shoulder horizontal cordon. On the bushes, there was formed the same load shoots and bunches. Scheme of experience: option 1 – no fertilizers (control); option 2 - superphosphate with a mixture of potassium salt (P90K90) from the autumn; option 3 – nitroammofoska (N120P120K120) from autumn; option 4 – ammonium nitrate (N60) in early spring. Analysis of the results of the studies on the study of biological features of growth, fruiting, yield and quality of Merlot grape varieties on the background of the use of mineral fertilizers shows their high efficiency in the conditions of the Anapo-Tamanskaya zone of the Krasnodar region and can be recommended for use in production conditions. Autumn application of nitroammofoski (N120P120K120) provides an increase in yield by 68.3%, increases the yield of mash from a hectare by 76.7% and the collection of sugar by 97.6%. Autumn application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers (P90K90) and early spring application of ammonium nitrate (N60) also contributed to an increase in yields by 33.3 and 40.6%, respectively. On the output of the wort, these options are equal, and for the collection of sugar phosphate-potassium fertilizers exceed ammonia nitrate
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn this article, we present the results of the experiments on the potential of productivity and accumulation of the root mass of the Alfalfa and Brome-grass, on the content of the main nourishment elements and the consolidation of gross energy in the roots and agroenergetical effect of the collected gross energy in the conditions of permafrost turf soil of the Middle Lena valley. The maximum productivity potential of beans and cereals grass mixture was reached on the basis of the organic mineral nourishment regime: the collected exchange energy – 21,3 GJ, feed units – 1568 and collected raw proteins – 428 kg per ha. Thus, the content of digestible protein in beans and cereals grass mixture agrophytocenoenosis was increased from 118 to 124 g, that exceeded a zootechnic norm (105 g). In general the nitrogen contained in the total root mass of beans and cereals grass mixture agrophytocenoenosis was up to 26,6 centner per hectare and movable phosphorus- up to 33,6 kg per hectare that can serve as the source of nourishment for sown herbs. The maximal stock of gross energy in roots was got in beans and cereals grass mixture agrophytocenoenosis at organic-mineral degrees (humus of 40 centner per hectare once in 4 years + of N120PK60 annually) up to 157,1 GJ/ha, while the accumulation of the root mass reached 140,3 centner per hectare at average annual rates of accumulation of dry substance up to 24,5 centner per hectare. The processes of formation, decomposition and death of roots in the beans and cereals grass mixture agrophytocenosis take place almost in a balance state. Wherein the biological factor, as the inclusion of the Yakut yellow variety of the Alfalfa in the grass stand, plays a positive role
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the soils of rice fields, eluvial gley processes develop, which are manifested in redistribution of silty particles along the profile, water-soluble humus, mobile compounds of iron and phosphorus. Most intensively, these processes are developed in meadowbog soils, confined to closed depressions of the plains plain. Meadow-black soils lying on elevated relief elements have more favorable physical, physicochemical and oxidation-reduction properties for cultivating rice and accompanying crops in crop rotation. The highest yield of rice is formed on high checks and higher at 12,4 c/ha than on low ones
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INFLUENCE OF ENRICHMENT SEEDS WITH COPPER ON RICE YIELD
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionWe have studied the effect of presowing enrichment with copper on the seed yield of rice. We have found optimum concentration of water solution of copper, which provides higher yields of seeds and evaluated the impact of the enrichment with copper on the growth processes in the plants of rice. The studies were conducted in elite seed-growing enterprise "Krasnoe" of All-Russian Research Institute of rice. It was found that for rice-growing farms of the Kuban region with the aim of increasing the quantity and quality of grain yield it is necessary to make sowing of rice seeds enriched with copper. This application should be carried out by wetting the rice seeds with 0,5 % water solution of the microelement with a semi-dry method, i.e. the rate of 10 liter working solution of copper in 1 ton of seed. The article proves the economic feasibility of enrichment of rice seeds with copper
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ANTIDOTE ACTIVITY OF 2- ALKYLTHIONICOTINITRILE DERIVATIVES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionTo develop the novel herbicide antidotes for the sunflower vegetative plants, the group of chemical compounds, belonging to the derivatives of 2- alkylthionicotinonitrile was synthesized and their antidote activity both in the laboratory and field experiments was studied. The compounds with a high antidote effect were found
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PROCESSING METHODS OF THE INTENSIFICATION OF EXTRACTION OF NUTRIENTS FROM FRUITS OF WILD PLANTS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe nutrient structure of fruits of the Mountain ash of ordinary Sorbus aucuparia L., sloe of Prunus spinosa and their extracts is investigated. Inside them, the standard methods in biochemistry have determined the content of extractive substances, sugars, titrable acids, vitamins C and P, phenolic and pectinaceous substances. Results of analyses demonstrate that the fruits of wild plants ripening in the conditions of Dagestan – mountain ashes and sloe - can be effectively used as raw materials for receiving extracts which are rich in vitamins, carbohydrates and phenolic connections. The possibility of production of highquality nutrient-rich extracts from these fruits with application of various technological modes and ways of extraction is revealed: duration of insisting of raw materials; various concentration of ethanol in an extractant and ratios raw materials/ extractant. Results of researches demonstrate that at a ratio of raw materials/extractant 1:3 and the 70% content of ethanol in the extractant have come the greatest extraction from vitamin fruits P (routine) and phenols which made respectively 56,0-65,7% and 51,4-68,3%. Increase in extraction of titrable acids and vitamin C is noted at 50% concentration of ethanol in the extractant. The maximum release of sugars has come from all fruit substrata at 30% ethanol in the extractant. Results of biochemical analyses of extracts have shown that carrying out extraction in the way of double insisting on condition of selection of optimum: concentration of ethanol in the extractant, ratios of the raw materials/ extractant and the best time of insisting, allow to provide on average a 55-60% exit of nutrients from the studied fruit raw materials
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MODERN TOOLS OF STATE REGULATION FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThis article notes that agricultural production is not a self-regulating system. The article highlights specific features of agricultural production and forms of ownership of the major productive resource – land, ineffective policies of promoting development and introduction of innovative technologies. It is noted that the system of measures and tools of state regulation of agricultural production have two directions of influence: governmental regulation of the agricultural market mechanism and industrial governmental support for manufacturers. The authors give classification of methods and instruments of state regulation, liberalization of the agricultural sector in the WTO, levels of aggregate support for agriculture; as well as identifies the key growth areas of the governmental support and discusses the basic institutions of governmental regulation: ownership, legal Institute of economic management and the Institute of organization management. It's pointed out that the current dynamics of the development of agricultural production in our country is determined by four major external factors: the Institute of Western sanctions imposed against our country, Russia's integration into the international market by joining the World Trade Organization, the functioning of the Single Economic Space within the Customs Union, and the necessity of solving problems of import substitution and food security of our country. Implementation of these methods requires significant institutional transformation and transition into the new levels of legal, commercial, and economic regulation with observance of equitable international cooperation. In conclusion, the authors discuss an insufficient level of development stimulation in domestic agriculture
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FEED CONCENTRATES: TRADITIONS AND PURPOSES OF THEIR APPLICATION IN POULTRY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article shows the historically developed situation and the actual state of the production practice in chronic mycotoxicosis of a bird. The main feed problems in poultry farming are shown through the prism of a review of market proposals for feed concentrates. An overview of preventive and compensating agents on the market, as well as a brief description of feed concentrates based on beta-carotene for fighting mycotoxicosis. It is shown that the vitamin-mineral fodder concentrate "Tetra +" is an alternative to the existing feed concentrates on the market, the effectiveness of which has been confirmed in experiments on laboratory animals and in poultry feeding. Based on the analysis, a conclusion was made about the relevance of studies to identify the effectiveness of vitamin-mineral concentrate "Tetra +" in livestock
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionDuration of vegetation period is one of the main adaptive traits for any crop or variety. Reasonability of cultivation of a variety in a particular soil and climate zone is determined by the duration of the vegetative period. One of the aims of breeding is the creation of the varieties with the main vegetative phases lasting at more favorable climatic conditions. The most accurate way to determine maturity group of a variety is by estimation of starting of heading phase, which can be defined with the greatest precision. The article covers the analysis of the duration of the vegetative period of the lines and varieties of winter barley of local and foreign selection in the central zone of Krasnodar region. All the varieties were divided into three maturity groups. The vegetative periods of the varieties were studied during four years. The most favorable and adverse conditions for yield formation were determined. The interactions between the productivity of the varieties depending on maturity group were identified. The varieties of the early maturity group which are more productive than the check were selected, which is most valuable for the breeding of the crop. The best varieties with the high and stable yield and the positive traits are regularly involved in the breeding programs with the porpoise of making new varieties of the winter barley