06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF FUNGICIDES IN WINTER WHEAT CROPS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON CROP YIELD
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
For the production of high quality winter wheat grain, it is necessary to observe the technology of growing the crop and creating optimal conditions for the growth and development of plants. An important role in it is played not only by agrotechnical measures, but also by effective protection of crops from pests. The phytosanitary state of winter wheat sowings has worsened significantly in recent years, however, the degree of damage to crops and the harmfulness of fungal diseases can be significantly reduced, and in some cases completely prevented by treatment of crops with fungicides. The range of fungicides is improved annually by incorporating more effective and less environmentally hazardous preparations. The research is aimed at determining the optimal rates of consumption, the biological effectiveness of new fungicides and assessing their effect on the yield of winter wheat. As a result, it has been established that treatment with Abucus Ultra with a rate of 1.0 l / ha has protective properties, but does not treat plants (72.2%). This further leads to a loss of an average of about 0.5 tons of grain per hectare. Fungicide Akanto Plus in the investigated rates of consumption has good protective and eradicating (healing) properties and with a decrease in the rate of consumption of less loss of yield. Thus, the choice of the preparation and its consumption rate should be based on an understanding of the phytosanitary situation, taking into account the condition of crops and the agroclimatic situation
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DEPENDENCE OF THE PRODUCTIVITY AND THE QUALITY OF WINES FROM THE PLANTING PLAN
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The dependence of the productivity of the Riesling Rennel vineyards and the quality of table wine from it under the conditions of the Anapa-Taman Winegrowing Zone was studied. It is established that the vineyards of the Riesling Rhine variety are planted with the highest yield, planted according to the scheme of 3.5x1 m. In this embodiment, at a density planting shrubs 2857 pcs. / Ha, the yield of grapes was the highest - 131.4 c / ha. Maximum accumulation of sugars in the grapes observed in the variants with a width of 2.5 m aisle highest extract content from different wine stocks options with row spacing of 2.5 m where the amount of extractables amounted to 17.1 - 19.2 g / dm3 . The increase in the total concentration of aromatic compounds of up to 540 mg / dm 3 helps to improve the quality of white table wine, and further growth of aromatics to 1090 mg / dm3 - it reduces the organoleptic evaluation. High tasting marks (7.88-8.29 points) received wine materials from sites having a spacing of 3.5 m. Thus, considering the quality of the wine, the cost of planting material, laying and care of vineyards, it is worth considering the 3.5x1 planting scheme , 5 m more suitable for the production of quality table wines in the Black Sea agroecological zone of viticulture in the south of Russia
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Elements of the cultivation technology of winter wheat variety called ‘Antonina’ with the application of different backgrounds of soil fertility, norms of fertilizers, system of plant protection from weeds, pests and diseases were studied. The studies are conducted in a polyfactorial stationary experiment: factor A - soil fertility; factor B - system of fertilizers; factor C - plant protection system; factor D - methods of basic soil cultivation. In the experiment four models of soil fertility levels were studied: А0 - the initial (natural background); А1 - average (200 kg / ha Р2О5 and 200 t / ha of litter manure); А2 - increased (doses are doubled); when А3 - high (tripled). Based on the studies it has been established that to obtain a stable yield of winter wheat, an increased dose of mineral fertilizers should be used, which also ensures high grain quality indicators. The maximum yield increase of 37% was achieved on varieties in comparison with extensive technology. A significant increase of the protein content in the grain from 12.8 to 15.3% and gluten from 22.0 to 27.8% was found in the intensive technology - triple doses of fertilizers (NPK) and the use of integrated protection against diseases, pests and weeds. The introduction of high doses of mineral fertilizers contributes to the accumulation in the soil and grain of nitrogen, and also reduces the content of copper and zinc
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MODERN STATUS AND TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF GRAIN PRODUCTION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article considers the current state of production of grain crops in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The analysis of gross collection, structural shifts, sowing area and yield of grain crops over the past five years is being carried out. Also, the application of mineral and organic fertilizers to crops of cereals is being investigated, since their application is of great importance for obtaining high and stable harvests of grain crops. Based on the results of the analysis, conclusions were drawn and ways of development of grain production in the republic were outlined
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PLANT HEIGHT AND LODGING RESISTANCE OF COLLECTION VARIETIES OF WINTER BARLEY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Lodging resistant is a very important factor of limitation of the yield of barley. The yield of lodged crops may be decreased up to 50%. The quality of the yield also deteriorates which negatively affects brewery characteristics. The lodging resistance of a variety is determined genetically and depends on a plant height and weather conditions during dynamic vegetation. One of the main aims of breeding of the crop for lodging resistance is the selection of short-stem varieties. However, a thorough study of the basic material and determination of its adaptability to a particular soil and climatic zone and suitability of its usage as parental forms are needed. The article covers the plant height of collection varieties of winter barley in the central zone of Krasnodar region and determines the groups of the varieties based on this trait. The dynamic of plant height formation depending on the vegetative conditions during five years is studied. The examination of lodging resistance of winter barley revealed that there are many non-lodging forms of the crop. New local varieties and lines have short and strong culms. Also, some varieties from Western Europe and the USA show its good lodging resistance under these conditions
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The influence of growth, its ripened part and the diameter of the vine at the base of the shoot on the growth power of 922 seedlings of 55 combinations of crosses in 2011 and 2012 was studied (planting scheme 3 x 1 m), seedlings of grapes of the second and third years of vegetation in the field conditions of the Southern coast of Crimea. The mean vine maturation for all populations was 64.7%, the diameter at the base of the shoots was 3.3 mm. After pruning to reverse growth, in the third year of vegetation of seedlings (2014), the length of growth of shoots increased significantly and the average for populations it became 73.3 cm. The coefficient of variation increased, 26%, - it acquired the character of a significant deviation from the general population. This happened because the seedlings, which had a vine growth less than 25 cm in the second year of vegetation, had a growth of only 35 cm in the third year, whereas in all seedlings that had a growth of more than 30 cm, in the following year shoots increased almost 1, 5 and 2 times more. Formulas are proposed for estimating the growth force of seedlings according to the 9-score scale OIV (OIV)
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Alternation of crops, will remain a fundamental element of zonal technologies of their cultivation for a long time. Application of methods of mathematical model operation will allow to come to new level in the solution of the questions of effective use of an arable land, through application of models optimizing it. Results of researches which basis data of long-term observations are will be especially valuable. They used data of the long-lived stationary experiments on studying of alternation of crops in crop rotations of last more than five rotation. Stationary experiences are located in a forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia on the fields FGBNU "SIBNIISKH". The purpose of researches consisted in optimization of use of an arable land at application of methods of mathematical model operation for preservation of soil fertility. The model allowing when performing particular conditions is given in work (balance of a humus, work expense, a metabolic cost, etc.) to optimize use of an arable land against the background of preservation of soil fertility of the soil, receiving production, economic and power efficiency. It is shown that at alternation of grain crops with clear steam, formation of a harvest happens due to natural fertility of the soil what the negative balance of a humus which reaches 0,18 – 0,78 tons from hectare testifies to. At alternation of field cultures without clear steam the harvest was formed against the background of reproduction of organic matter of the soil, due to increase in vegetable oddments from use of fertilizers, the balance of a humus was positive – 0,15 – 0,28 tons from hectare. Use along with clear steam, busy steam, colza on green fertilizer, and also straw as organic fertilizer for grain crops, 2,01 tons from hectare of commodity grain were received, at a share of clear steam – 16,8%, busy steam – 11%, summer grain – 72,2% of arable land. Increasing in crop rotations of West Siberian Square with use as organic fertilizer of straw, busy vapors and green fertilizers, it is possible to achieve reproduction of fertility of the soil with some decrease in an exit of commodity grain to 2 tons from hectare
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THE FORMATION AND QUALITY OF MEAT OF CATTLE BREEDING AND POULTRY FARMING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In order to ensure import substitution and threshold values of meat production, it is necessary to stabilize the livestock of animals and introduce intensive technologies. In conditions of arid steppes, the animals of Kalmyk, Hereford and Aberdeen-Angus breeds are best suited to stall-pasture technology. Before weaning from mothers at 7-8 months of age, their offspring is grown without additional feeding, just mothers’ milk. Therefore, the growth rate of suckling young animals rarely exceeds 850 grams of daily growth, while the live weight reaches 400-450 kilograms at the age of 18 months, with some advantage in favor of the young generation of Hereford breed. Using the intensive 9- months growing at the fattening complex with feeding from the self-feeders ensured the average daily gain in the Kalmyk bull-calves at the level of 1398 grams, and for the Aberdeen-Angus and Hereford breeds the growth is 1533 grams. The highest growth energy, live weight (661 kilograms), was with Hereford bulls. From bulls of the native Kalmyk breed with intensive technology of growing, a heavy body weight increase of 331 kilograms at 18 months of age was obtained. All tested samples of meat according to microbiological indicators comply with the requirements of the Technical Regulations
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NEW GROWTH REGULATORS AND ANTIDOTES FOR ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY PLANT PROTECTION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Searching for new promising plant growth regulators and antidotes, we have synthesized a series of Nsubstituted naphthalene-2-sulfonylamides. Synthesized compounds have been studied as potential growth regulators of economically significant crops - winter wheat, sugar beet, sunflower, soybean, and herbicide antidotes for sunflower growing plants. The substances with high growth stimulating and antidote effect were found
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EFFICIENCY OF THE FERTILIZER SYSTEM IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF EMPOWERMENT OF WINTER WHEAT
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Winter wheat is very demanding on the nutrient regime of the soil. Like many winter crops, it consumes the nutrients unevenly distributed during the vegetation period, which must be considered when making them. Modern varieties of winter wheat are very demanding to soil fertility. For the formation of 4,0-4,5 t/ha requires about 140 kg of nitrogen, 50 kg phosphorus and 120 kg potassium. Therefore, without the use of fertilizers, it is not possible to obtain such a crop with high grain quality. In addition, in the cultivation of winter wheat in the high and intensive technologies simply need using large amounts of fertilizer to compensate for the removal of nutrients. This is especially important when having partial or complete reduction of application of organic fertilizers. Therefore, we consider the possibility and the results of studies using different doses, combinations and types of fertilizers in technology of winter wheat cultivation. Experimental studies were carried out in the conditions of insufficient and unstable moistening of southern zone of Rostov region, on experimental fields of the federal state scientific institution «ASС «Donskoy». For research, we have chosen the most common varieties of winter wheat (Tanais, Granite, Axinite, Terra, Donskoy prostor, Motto) and various combinations and combinations of mineral and organic fertilizers. The experiments were conducted on two predecessors: couples and peas. As the controllable parameters we had the productivity and quality of winter wheat. We have found a positive impact of the in-change of fertilizer on the studied parameters with a share of the variance of 96% and a high degree of correlation of 0,98. The marked increase in the productivity of winter wheat is up to 22% when using different versions of the experiment. We have identified rational combination doses of mineral and organic nutrition for predecessors: peas N40P60K40+2N30 and vapor – manure 40t/ha+2Р60+2N30
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