07.00.00 Historical sciences
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Description
Occupation of the Soviet territory by German fascist invaders during the Great Patriotic War caused considerable damage. The Soviet Government developed legal and regulatory framework for the methods of assessment of damage. The purpose of this article is to analyze the legal framework, by the example of a regulatory act according to which calculation of damage to the collective farms in the occupied territories during World War II was made. The NKVD instruction "On the procedure of collecting, recording and storage of documentary materials relating to the atrocities, destruction, looting and violence of the German authorities in the occupied Soviet areas" was adopted in May 1942. Based on the instruction, and under orders of the NKVD in Elista, events to identify and collect materials that characterize the crimes of Hitler's government were carried out. According to these instructions, materials reflecting Nazi atrocities were subjected to the mandatory deposit of the State Archives. The paper gives summary quantitative data on the results of assessment of damage caused during the occupation period in August 8, 1942 to January 20, 1943
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THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN 1918-1919 YY: POLITICAL REGIMES AND FORMS OF THEIR STATE ORGANIZATION
DescriptionThe article is devoted to process of the state development and emergence of new forms of the government in the region of the North Caucasus during the Civil War. The author tells how forms of a political system and the government in the region after October revolution of 1917 have changed. He analyzes the process of emergence of the new military-political modes and character of a state system in its various areas. In the article, the political background of appearance of new forms of statehood and power organization is also considered. The author equally investigates the forms of the state life created by Bolsheviks and their supporters, and the forms of their political opponents – representatives of the white, antiBolshevist movement. The author emphasizes that it was the period of disintegration of traditional Russian statehood and traditional forms of the organization of the political power in the region. New options of the state system which are directly connected with the crisis of the Russian society in 1917 y. came in the region to replace the old ones. In some cases, they represented rather non-standard forms of the organization of the government, including formation of the Soviet republics in the territory of the region, appearance of the ataman power and military dictatorships. On the one hand, they were based on ethnocultural specifics of regional life, and on the other hand they were defined by the crisis of the period of the Civil War
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MYTHS AND REALITIES OF THE 1917 REVOLUTION
Description2017 was declared the year of the "100th anniversary of the Great Russian Revolution", or else it is called the "Great Russian Revolution". Such a message was given to the Address of the President of our country, V.V. Putin to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. The authors in the article rightly and reasonably point out that if the February bourgeois revolution, despite a number of objective reasons, was still the apex, palace take-over, October of 1917 was precisely a revolution, and not some kind of Bolshevik conspiracy. Why a revolution, not a take-over? The authors prove and convince the reader that this was essentially an inter-information socialist revolution, which radically changed the social system and the form of ownership. The article proves that the palace coup, which took place in February and brought "politicians into dress coats" to power, led to the victory of October 1917 due to their inaction and incompetence in the country's political leadership. None of the exciting question: about the war, peace, land, factories and factories, the form of state structure, the Provisional Government was not allowed. Therefore, due to objective and subjective reasons, the victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution broke out
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Description
The article describes the cooperation of the Soviet authorities and the Muslim Clergy of the Northern Caucasus in cultural and educational spheres in the beginning of the 20-ies in the XX century. The article is written in the framework of the regional competition of RFFI: "The North Caucasus: Tradition and Modernity" in 2017 – Krasnodar region. 17-11-23005 the type of project «a(p)», the subject is «The Soviet authorities and the Muslim Clergy of the Northern Caucasus in 1917- 1920s: The Experience of the Cooperation (on the materials of the Circassian peoples). It is noted that organization of wide cultural and educational activity performed by the Bolsheviks on The North Caucasus was the most important condition for organic participation of the region into the Soviet social and political space. The main efforts were concentrated on the formation and creation of a national script. Eventually аs a result of the interaction between the Soviet authorities and the Muslim clergy, there was a formation of new cultural needs and significant sociocultural changes in Circassian society in accordance with the political and ideological demands of the new government
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Description
The article deals with the problem of assessing the quality of land settlements of Krestetsky uyezd in Novgorod province since the time of cadaster descriptions of Novgorod land to fieldworks of Russian soil scientists. The comparative aspect studies information of cadastres in the middle of the XVI century, Economic notes to the General landsurveying of the Russian Empire in the second half of the XVIII century and "Soil and Geological essay of Krestetsky uyezd" at the beginning of the XX century. Due to this research a database included information about the settlements having existed in the territory for centuries, with the description of land quality and fertility was compiled. The analysis revealed that according to field studies, mechanical and physical composition of soils in Krestetsky uyezd within the same soil type was very diverse. General land surveying described soil based on the predominance of muddy substances, sand or clay, but at the same time the characteristic of grain yields played an important role. In the XVI century the categories of good, medium and poor lands could have the lands with the same composition of the soil, and the probability of it was especially strengthened by the prevalence of certain soils in the region. However, at the micro level of individual settlements of graveyards certain regularities in land assessment shown in the objective signs that can be identified on the country are traced. The graveyards of Derevskaya pyatina included in Krestezkiy uyezd deals with such objective indicators as worsening assessment of the quality of land including the availability of various types of clay which are subsoils of many local soils