07.00.00 Historical sciences
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THE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE ORTHODOX CLERGY OF KUBAN: MAIN STAGES AND THEIR SPECIFICITY
DescriptionThe history of the Kuban region is inseparably linked with activity of Russian Orthodox Church. The main attention is paid to studying a contribution of the orthodox clergy of Kuban to development of education and study of local history. In this research the author disproves the thesis of the Soviet authors, that Orthodoxy was the opponent of studying and development of education. On the basis of the analysis of various sources the educational activity of orthodox clergy of Kuban is comprehensively considered. The huge contribution to the development of education in Kuban was brought by K.V. Rossinskiy. Due to his efforts by 1825 there were 10 parish schools, one parish spiritual school and a gymnasium. Enlightenment has been considered as a complex system of measures aimed at the development of both intellectual and spiritual features of society. For the first time the author gives allocation periods of educational activity of Russian Orthodox Church, according to the author, there were three stages: 1794-1842; 1842- 1860; 1860-1920. The specifics of each of the periods were also specified in this research, as well as the factors influencing the development of the Kuban education. School construction was the most intensive at the third stage that is connected with the end of the Caucasian war and strengthening of positions of Russian Orthodox Church in this region. A significant amount of place in the article was taken by the analysis of the works of Russian Orthodox Church in a field of education and development of patriotism, the role of orthodox clergy of Kuban in development of study of local lore is also lit. The conclusion about an important role of Russian Orthodox Church in the Kuban history is presented in the summary. The orthodox clergy stood at the origins of the Kuban education and study of local lore. It made a brought contribution in literacy distribution, in strengthening of the spiritual beginnings of society, in preservation for descendants of unique data about the past
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Description
The article describes the types and forms of search movement activity of the Krasnodar Region in the formation, preservation and reconstruction of historical and cultural heritage of the Great Patriotic War. The search movement in Russia is the unique socio-cultural phenomenon. In Krasnodar region this movement began in the 80s. Today it is 16 specialized public search organizations. Kuban searchers found the remains of more than 10,000 Soviet soldiers and recognized the names of 220 of them; they have carried out more than 700 expeditions. The main activities of the search organizations of Kuban in the area of historical and cultural heritage of the Great Patriotic War are conducting field exploration works; the establishment of names of the dead, found in the course of search operations and search for their relatives; reburial of the soldiers; assist in the elimination of explosive devices of the Great Patriotic War; patriotic education; military and historical reconstruction; the popularization of the military history of the region. The main purpose of search organizations is to recreate and perpetuate the memory of killed people in the defense of the Fatherland. Through the forms of activity, practiced by search organizations of the Krasnodar region, formed valuable attitude to the historical past, carried out patriotic education, readiness for armed defense of the motherland
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Description
Study of centrifugal tendencies in the Baltic republics in the years of perestroika, especially on the background of today's events in the Ukraine (the Crimea entry into Russia, the civil war in the Donbass, the aggravation of relations between Russia and the Western powers), is very important. An important direction in social and political life of the Baltic republics was the legislative activity of the Supreme Council, which made laws and regulations aimed at the isolation and subsequent exit of republics from the Soviet Union. Nowadays the problem of the role of the Supreme Council of the Baltic States in the process of sovereignty and independence was not seriously developed. That’s why consideration of the main legal acts as a historical source is an important area of research in the field of legislation the Supreme Council of the Baltic states in the perestroika years, from 1988 to 1991. The aim of the work is to study the process of sovereignty of the Baltic States through the activities of the republican Supreme Soviets in the above period. The object of work is to study legal acts of the Supreme Soviets of the Baltic republics. This article will address the following regulations: the Declaration of Sovereignty, language laws, citizenship, national symbols, as well as regulations, declared a withdrawal from the Soviet Union (as in Lithuania) or the beginning of transitional period (as in Latvia and Estonia). It should be noted that in Latvia and Estonia citizenship laws in the years 1988-1991 were only developed. Finally these laws were passed after the official recognition of these republics, so they are not included in the focus of our attention. The subject of the work is legislative activity of the Supreme Soviets of the Baltic republics in the years of perestroika
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THE ACTIVITY OF THE ORTHODOX CLERGY OF THE KUBAN COSSACKS IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY
DescriptionIn modern conditions of political instability the appeal to historical experience is especially important. Consideration of activity of orthodox clergy at the beginning of the twentieth century, on the one hand, allows estimating its role at lives of the Russian society, with another to track interrelation between spiritual crises and strengthening of revolutionary moods in Russia. In this work the complex analysis of relationship of the Kuban society and clergy at the beginning of the twentieth century for the first time is given, special attention is paid to the factors that played an important role in the growth of anti-clerical sentiment. In the article the contribution of priests to culture of Kuban is considered as well. It occupies a special place coverage outreach and philanthropy. In the research, the attention is focused on diverse structure of the Kuban clergy that found reflection in their miscellaneous social and in the material status. All of this has contributed to the presence of three movements in the ranks of the priesthood of the Kuban. Shortly before revolution the part of the Kuban church clergy supported cardinal changes in life of Church, others were supporters of moderate reforms, the third were opponents of all changes. Based on the analysis of archival documents in an article released in the specifics of the position of the Orthodox clergy Kuban from other regions of Russia. In this article it is convincingly proved that the authority of Russian Orthodox Church was much higher here that found reflection levels of moral development of society. Unlike the central provinces spiritual crisis was much weaker here; less all Cossacks were subject to its influence. All this promoted preservation of monarchic moods and among the most part of residents of Kuban. Therefore, the news of the overthrow of the monarchy, the establishment of Soviet power there was perceived negatively by the majority of inhabitants
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NOBILITY DEPUTY ASSEMBLY IN THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS IN 1905 – 1917 YY.
DescriptionBased on the archival sources, the article reviews the activities of the Nobility Deputy Assembly in the Northern Caucasus in 1905 – 1917. The author examines the role of noble organizations in solving the class issues in Russia in the early XXth century. She notes a marked increase in the activity of the Stavropol noble Assembly caused by the events of the revolution of 1905 – 1907 yy. In this case the author draws attention to the fact that during this period, autocracy strictly limited the power of the nobility Assembly, and in addition noble organization was strictly forbidden to discuss political issues. It is noted that local nobles were quite passive in social and political activity and they were not involved in the work created at the time of the joint noble societies, although some regional representatives of the nobility (in particular K. I. Bielecki) participated in the activities of the First nobility Congress in 1906 y. Charitable activity of the Noble Assembly during the First World War was also investigated in the he article. The noble mutual benefit was created to assist the families of killed and wounded warriors and for maintenance of hospitals. In addition, the Noble Assembly provided the upper floor of noble house for the hospital, and the lower one for the Ladies' Committee. The article shows that despite all the difficulties there was a gradual clearance of the political position of the nobility of the Northern Caucasus at the beginning of the XXth century. The author draws attention to the fact that noble organization has proposed various measures aimed at strengthening economic and political influence of this class. She comes to the conclusion that the role of the nobility in the social structure of Russian society of that time is undergoing a significant transformation, and the importance of the nobility in the system of socio-economic relations and the management system of the Russian Empire was significantly reduced
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MILITARY-ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICAL ACTIVITIES OF E.A. GOLOVIN IN TRANSCAUCASIA
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the military and administrative activities in the Caucasus in 1838–1842 y. one of the Royal Governors-Evgeny Aleksandrovich Golovin. The author concludes that as a Russian Patriot and aiming initially to make the Caucasus the Russian spirit and legal institutions, Golovin began gradually local features, and at the end of his Administration Region tried to combine central traditions with peripheral. His transformations were appraised only after Evgeniy Aleksandrovich had left Transcaucasia. For instance, in Tiflis they started building more European-style constructions on wastelands, erected causeways, pavements and pools with clean mountain water. With its extraordinary combination of the East and the West Tiflis turned into one of the most interesting and largest cities of Russia. As a truly Russian nobleman, General Golovin liked living luxuriously, openly and hospitably. The best representatives of the local society were welcomed in his house in a warm-hearted and friendly manner, which caused an unconscious sensation of gratitude and left a favourable impression. Preliminary analysis of activity of E.A. Golovin in Transcaucasia gives no grounds for assessments which are extremely negative or idealise the Chief Executive. Yet E.A. Golovin managed to be remembered as a reformer and facilitator of Transcaucasia whose numerous initiatives were developed by his successors: M. S. Vorontsov, A. I. Baryatinskiy, Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich and others
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Description
The article attempted to characterize the contribution of the first Directors of the Chechen- Ingush state pedagogical/teaching Institute - F. E. Bykova and A. P. Efleeva in the formation of higher pedagogical school in Checheno-Ingushetia in 1938-1951
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ABOUT SOME CONTROVERSIAL ASPECTS OF CIVIL WAR AND INTERVENTION IN RUSSIA
DescriptionThe authors have devoted some of its controversial aspects, which have been going on for decades in the scientific community, namely, the time-frame of the Civil War, its causes and about the time of its beginning. In addition to these issues, the article is considered the relationship between the socialist parties and their participation in the civil war, the role of foreign intervention in the case of incitement to war and, finally, the reasons of the defeat of the White movement. The authors did not set out to elaborate on all four stages of the civil war, and focused on the examination of its first phase, covering the period from the end of May to November 1918. The main object of consideration the question arose about the beginning of the Civil War. The authors dwell on the various points of view expressed in this historical science, argues with those of them who, in their opinion, do not withstand scientific scrutiny. They speculate about details of alternative embodiments of the historical process, try to consider the option that could have been avoided civil war, if there was a coalition of socialist parties and come to the conclusion that such a coalition was impossible and it looks ephemeral. The authors dwell on the consideration of the role that is played in the raging civil fratricidal war, foreign intervention. They rightly point out that it is military intervention exacerbated and intensified civil war, has extended its time frame, the number of dead and wounded, even more glowing civil and class hatred
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AGAINST THE LIES AND INSINUATIONS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR 1941 – 1945
DescriptionThe authors in the article reveal the highlights of the history associated with the prehistory of the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945, its tragical beginning in the first few months and its further course, up to the Great Victory in May of 1945. They dwell on the analysis of the causes of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people against Hitler Germany. The authors, in spite of liars and forgers, show who is to blame for their unleashing and clearly indicate that the Second World War was unleashed by Hitler, through and in fact with the blessing of Western powers and especially Britain and France, carried out the policy of "appeasement" the aggressor, and ended the Munich Agreement of 1938. The authors pay special attention to the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the USSR, signed on August 23, 1939, known as the Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact. They argue that this was a necessary step on the part of the Soviet Union and that this agreement, Stalin was trying to gain time and delay the beginning of the war against Nazi Germany. The authors show that Stalin and the Soviet leadership were perfectly aware of the fact that on 1 September 1939, Hitler attacked Poland and then it would be the USSR. Considering the progress, results and lessons of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, the authors elaborate and criticize the information widespread in Western historiography, as well as, first and foremost, in terms of the Soviet-Russian, lies, slander and all kinds of insinuations about the Great Patriotic war
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ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF NATIONWIDE HISTORY
DescriptionIn the context of the problem situation caused by the territorial limitation of the modern paradigm of Russian history, the author actualizes the model of a holistic, in territorial aspect, a nationwide history of Russia, covering an exceptionally all regions of the country. In conditions of complex territorial structure of Russian society, the unity of its history has unique singularity due to variety of regional contexts of historical development. Therefore, it is impossible to understand the uniqueness of civilizational singularity of Russia fully without learning regional features and territorial components. Based in it, it is concluded, that the concept of nationwide Russian history for high school must have more complete, maybe even total territorial coverage of historical events and processes and must point on either great achievements or negative, dramatic errors, ignoring of which contraries to the task of creation a tolerant patriotism. In this way, the author considers the concept of nationwide history can be a catalyst of modern national idea, which may be one of the factors the cohesion of society of strengthening territorial unity and integrity of Russia