07.00.00 Historical sciences
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Description
The article deals with the post-war reshuffle of forces in the near Stalin’s enclosing, which ended with the largest repressive campaign of the late Stalinism. Shortly, after the war Stalin encouraged the competition in the system of the highest power, he goes to the formation of a new center of power and sets out the party and state appointments, so called "leningradcev." At the same time strengthening the position of A. Zhdanov, A. Kuznetsova, N.Voznesenskogo "the host" accompanies with a limited sphere of influence of G. Malenkov and L. Beria. During the 1946-1948, following with the favorite tactics of checks and balances, the leader does not carry the advantages of any parties. However, in summer of 1948 the interpersonal conflict between Stalin and Zhdanov was identified and the sudden death of the latter, destroyed the existing guide in the narrow balance of power, were the starting point for the beginning prosecution of "leningradcev" without guardianship. Using the suspicions and phobias of the leader, Malenkov and Beria were able to initiate the "Leningrad affair". The author thinks that if Zhdanov did not have a fatal cardiac infarction, he would be back to work in Moscow from the necessitous vocation, would stay in the membership of governing group and the bloody reprisals would be avoided
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Description
The topic is «The role of national intelligence in the incorporation of the North Caucasus in the Russian geopolitical space at the end of XIX century – the 1920s (by materials of Adyghe people)». The article is made in the framework of regional competition: «North Caucasus: tradition and modernity» 2014. – Krasnodar region. 14-11-23007 the type of project «A (P)» The topic is «The role of national intelligence in the incorporation of the North Caucasus in the Russian geopolitical space at the end of XIX century – the 1920s (by materials of Adyghe people)».Formation of the Soviet national local history through adyghe intelligentsia began in 20-ies. The active participation of the twentieth century intellectuals in the regional movement was caused and anxiety for the fate of cultural heritage and culture in general, and the changes in the conditions of work and life. Everywhere there were different forms of organization and scale of local history, which set themselves common objectives: a comprehensive study native land, to disseminate knowledge about the homeland of the people. The study region was closely connected with the identification, collection, accounting, protection and use of a variety of historical and cultural monuments. "Golden Age" of the national local lore came in the first post-revolutionary decade. During this period, the efforts of national intelligence unified both within the local history organizations and leading independent research has done a great organization, research served as the basis for further research activities. There was intense accumulation of sources, there were papers on various subjects of national history, attempts writing generalizing works, establish cooperation with the regional and central and local history research organizations
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Description
In the system of the sciences the genealogy is closely connected with the physical and structural anthropology, the historical psychology, demography, ethnography, genetics and other areas of knowledge. It is emphasized that today an important component of any family, except the welfare, the popularity and the existence of the significant state awards (this is a certain template which distorts an essence of the genealogical researches, because it glorifies the persons doing the actions harm to the countries of the world), is the allocation of the other essential qualities of the people. One of such intrinsic characteristics is the patriotism of service to the Fatherland to which there is attention the long-term and laborious research by the several generations of genealogy of the family of Skulsky. In the article оn the basis of the collected several generations of the researchers of unique genealogical information we have proposed an analytical approach to the study of the long history of Russia using the biographical method. In conclusion, we have disclosed the value of this method for the modern science, focused on the development of the interdisciplinary research and the increase of the reliability, objectivity, scientific findings and recommendations. Unique research data since XVI century are provided in article. The biography of two representatives of this noble family is considered in detail
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AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN GERMANY’S ECONOMIC STRATEGY IN 1942-1943
DescriptionThe article explores shift of emphasis in the Third Reich policy in the North Caucasus when agricultural resources of the region became the main object of economic exploitation and one of the most important source of Germany's food supply. Firstly the author shows the place the North Caucasus had in agriculture of the Soviet Union on the eve of the Great Patriotic War. Despite a relatively small area and population, the region played an important role in the production of wheat, corn, sunflower, meat and other products. It is emphasized that the region was of special interest to Germany primarily for its oil fields which allowed solving the fuel problems. But with the failure of Hitler’s "oil plans" the agricultural products became the most important revenue source for the German economy in the North Caucasus in 1942-1943. The author shows that for stable agricultural exploitation the occupation regime not only refused the collective farms’ accelerated elimination but also adapted them to harvesting crops and saving huge livestock. Using the pro-Nazi newspapers and archival documents, the author reveals the occupier’s methodology of action and propaganda by local supporters of the regime for a timely crops harvest. In conclusion, the results of agrarian policy of Germany in the North Caucasus are shown. This article is intended for specialists in the field of history and economics as well as a wide range of readers
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Description
In the article, we can analyze the organization work of trade unions about collective agreements conclusion as example of agricultural enterprises in Kalmykia in 1963-1973. The author considers the realization of the main clauses in the collective agreement. In them there were reflected the commitments of administration and collective of industrial and office workers on perfect in labor organization, introduction of new techniques and raising the productivity of labor, qualification and training of personnel. The collective agreements were made with registration of the main points in labor and wages questions, and so points in the sphere of working time, resting time, payment of labor and material stimulation, labor protection, improvement of life conditions and cultural service of workers. The analyses of extensive documentary material showed that there were serious defects in the working practice with collective agreements. There were the facts in formal attitude; conditions and details of agreements realization were not always discussed in time. The agreements promoted to realization of production plans, improvement of everyday repairs and cultural services of industrial and office workers, and attracting them to industrial managements. Though in collective agreements the question of industrial development were taken more place than protecting workers rights and interests
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REGRESSION ANALYSIS TO PREDICT THE AMOUNT OF WORK WHEN REPAIRING ROADS
DescriptionThe given article is devoted to one of the most complicated periods in the Russian history - the time of the end of the civil war and the transition of Bolshevik leaders from the policy of war communism to the NEP. Exploring the related issues of public life, the author analyzes political, social and economic changes that were developing during this period in the context of Russian provincial reality
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Description
The article describes the creation and use of the national literature and national Circassia’s language, as a major factor of Sovietization of the North Caucasus in the process of integration of the region in Soviet geopolitical space in the 1920s-1930s. The article is made in the framework of regional competition: "The North Caucasus: Tradition and Modernity" in 2014 - the Krasnodar Territory. 14-11-23007 Project Type "(p)", the theme: "The Role of the national intelligentsia in the incorporation of the North Caucasus in the Russian geopolitical space of the. Nineteenth century. - 20-ies. Twentieth century. (based on the Adyghe people). " It is pointed out that the development of the national writing by Circassian intelligence became not only an important matter of national life of Adyghe people, but also a key part of the national policy of the Soviet authorities towards national minorities. It is noted, that in many respects, revolutionary events in Russia became one of the most powerful external factors that stimulated the revitalization of Circassian intelligentsia in the development and diffusion of national literature. It is shown that in the course of the policy of "language building" in the national autonomies within the first twenty years of the Soviet government the graphics based writing changed three times (Arabic, Latin, Russian) and three times they were eliminating illiteracy. The conclusion is that intellectuals deprived of the possibility to solve these issues, and a key influence on the development of national literature evolution of Circassians had views of the Bolsheviks in the language policy. In general, the issue of writing, mostly related to the problem of education in specific historical circumstances, has acquired great social and political importance, and has become an important part of the national policy of the Soviet government in matters of Sovietization of the North Caucasus
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BULGARIANS IN THE TERRITORY OF THE KUBAN COSSACKS IN THE LATE OF XVIII - THE EARLY OF XX CENTURIES
DescriptionThe study of the Russian-Slavic cultural, political and economic links is quite actual nowadays. At the turn of 18 – 20 centuries Russia was the only independent Slavic state that was a reason of special attention of foreign countries. The most intensive contacts in Slavic world can be found on a regional level. Both pre-revolutional and modern scientists actively explore such aspects as resettlement of Bulgarians to the Kuban, places of their compact location, main activities and further destiny of its members. There is a detailed specification of colonization of Bulagarian landowners from 18 until the beginning of 20 century in the article, based on the archive documents. Also described moments of first appearing of Bulgarians on the Russian territory and particularly in the Kuban. The article is focused on the main stages of economic familiarization and adaptation of settlers to the natural and social features of new locations. The conditions and forms of vital activities in labor, lifestyle, sociopolitical and cultural life that are typical for their social relations are marked in the article. There is also noted that main occupation of Bulgarian settlers was horticulture, where they achieved greatest successes thanks to mastery of artificial irrigation using a special mechanism for that (a big wheel with attached vessels); Hothouse economy, that allowed them to produce thermophilic crops; organization of teams, that assumed collective labor, labor relations and mutual support. To sum up, Bulgarian settlers harmoniously fitted into socio-cultural area of the Kuban region
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CIVIL VALUES AND POLITICAL SHAPE OF KUBAN COSSACKS AND PEASANTRY IN 1917-1980
DescriptionIn this article, the processes of transformation of traditional political culture of agricultural population of Kuban in days of socialist experiment of XX century are investigated
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Description
The article discusses the traditional meals of Russian peasants and reserve sources of its supplement in the sixteenth century. The dependence of traditional food on the environment is observed in this article. Food reserves in lean years are identified as well