07.00.00 Historical sciences
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AGITATION AND MASS FORMS OF ART IN THE 20-IES OF THE XX CENTURY IN RUSSIA
DescriptionThe article deals with the forms of agitation and mass art, the creation of which was authorized by the Bolsheviks in the 20ies of the XX century for effective advocacy activities. It is noted, that agitation and mass art is one of the most important and effective means of policies and has played a huge role in the establishment of Soviet power. Propaganda direction was manifested in the both of drawing and painting and was aimed at the formation of a new proletarian thinking in a socialist society. It is stated, that the content of works of art is determined, above all, by the military-political situation that prevailed in the 20-ies. It is shown, that in the works of art displayed figures of the new revolutionary themes, events and characters, but also significant presence of the image of the new man - working men and women, sailors, soldiers, peasants was traced. Festive decoration of cities and towns, from the capital to the smallest provincial towns was filled with agitation and propaganda content. The conclusion is that artistic and political design of squares, streets, public buildings should help to create a festive mood, increase employment, ideological and socio-political activity of the workers. In general, new forms of agitation and propaganda were created through art, by turning the novelty of content, depth of the emotional impact, thematic literacy and specificity for the necessary psychological mood of society during the study period
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ETHNIC BUSINESS REGULATION FORMS: UDNP/ GEF PROJECTS AS AN INFORMATION SOURCE
DescriptionEthnic minorities’ traditional forms of economy and business are the object of a research. The common law norms in the sphere of traditional environmental management has included in researches subject domain. The list of the representative and verified sources of ethnological examinations and regional ethnological monitoring definition was the purpose of the conducted research. Assessment of information importance of the working documentation and printed materials, which had formed at United Nations Development Program (UDNP) implementation in the territory of the Russian Federation is carried out. Experience of implementation of the PROON/GEF project "Preservation of a biodiversity in the Russian part of the Altai-Sayansk ecoregion" (2006-2012)" is given as an example. The program covered six territorial subjects of the Russian Federation, all “native’s societies, referred to category "indigenous ethnic groups of the North, Siberia and the Far East", tens of national public associations and research groups. The attention is focused on the projects directed on ethnological monitoring organization and on the interaction system between the autochthonic population, municipal authorities, wildlife refuge and national parks management. The problems of rural settlement population connected with alternative (traditional) employment forms development have been lifted also. The plots connected with the common law norms place in the sphere of ethnic business definition have been considered on the basis of office work sources analysis. Common law norms were considered as the traditional communication systems and as the social regulato
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Description
The evolution of co-operation in conditions of modernization of russian society in beginning of 20th century and its social-economics transformation in the years of the first revolution, the stolypin agrarian reform and Great War is examined in the article.
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ETHNIC BUSINESS IN THE ETHNOLOGICAL EXPERTISE SUBJECT FIELD
DescriptionEthnic minorities’ traditional economy and business forms are the research object. The algorithm specification of the traditional economy forms research in the structure of ethnological examinations and regional ethnological monitoring act as the purpose of the article. The list of research subjects in programs of field researches is offered: a) latent forms of the social relations regulation and their traditional outlook conditionality; b) The cause and effect relationships of the ethnic minorities traditional economic specialization transformation in rural enclaves; c) an order of formation of network (system) of the ethnic enterprises in the urban environment which are focused on services the offer: the migrants facilitating integration; preservation of political, social and economic and cultural ties with regions of "outcome"; creation of conditions for preservation of ethnic self-identification; d) problem "points" of cross-cultural communications identification. The research is conducted within the project "the South of Russia: ethnic businessmen of "house" and beyond his limits (experience of social and economic adaptation)" with financial support of the Russian humanitarian scientific fund (RGNF. Project 1701-00407)
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Description
The article deals with the post-war reshuffle of forces in the near Stalin’s enclosing, which ended with the largest repressive campaign of the late Stalinism. Shortly, after the war Stalin encouraged the competition in the system of the highest power, he goes to the formation of a new center of power and sets out the party and state appointments, so called "leningradcev." At the same time strengthening the position of A. Zhdanov, A. Kuznetsova, N.Voznesenskogo "the host" accompanies with a limited sphere of influence of G. Malenkov and L. Beria. During the 1946-1948, following with the favorite tactics of checks and balances, the leader does not carry the advantages of any parties. However, in summer of 1948 the interpersonal conflict between Stalin and Zhdanov was identified and the sudden death of the latter, destroyed the existing guide in the narrow balance of power, were the starting point for the beginning prosecution of "leningradcev" without guardianship. Using the suspicions and phobias of the leader, Malenkov and Beria were able to initiate the "Leningrad affair". The author thinks that if Zhdanov did not have a fatal cardiac infarction, he would be back to work in Moscow from the necessitous vocation, would stay in the membership of governing group and the bloody reprisals would be avoided