07.00.00 Historical sciences
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SOURCES AND METHODS OF THEIR PROCESSING IN THE WORKS OF KHANGIREY
DescriptionThe article is devoted to source base of Khan-Girey works. Two types of the sources used by Khan-Girey are allocated: historical and historiographic. In its turn, historical sources are conditionally subdivided in written, material and sources of the oral origin. The relation of Khan-Girey to the problem of reliability of sources, the responsibility of authors on the provided data are considered. It is concluded, that in the works of Khan-Girey oral sources are predominant, all others, including historiographical, act as subsidaries. It is emphasized, that in this period there were only oral sources, came from the Adyghe environment, all the others were the evidences of other cultures. The relation of Khan-Girey to folklore as to a historical source is revealed. We have identified other types of oral sources, such as personal knowledge and KhanGirey memories, and eyewitness evidences. The analysis of the working methods of Khan-Girey with historiographical sources is carried out. At the end of the article, the conclusion is made that the source base of Khan-Girey works, for objective reasons, is limited, although the use of most sources, found by him, were confirmed in historiography
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The article investigates the processes of transformation of the traditional spiritual and socio-political culture of the rural population of the Kuban in the socialist modernization time in 1950-1980's
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The reasons for the development of Protestantism in the South of Russia in the late XIX - early XX centuries are discussed in this article. Standpattism is spreading among the population of southern Russia. The ranks of the Protestants were replenished with the social strata associated with the development of capitalist relations in town and village. The emergence and development of Protestantism is an important feature of capitalization and Europeanization of Russia. By the beginning of XX century the Baptists are widely distributed throughout the South of Russia. In the late XIX - early XX century the process of converting from Orthodoxy to Protestantism of Cossacks was observed in the South of Russia. The article also researches Russian Protestantism – the old belief. In 1883 it became possible the old believers' worship. Russian Protestantism gained almost full rights
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CONSERVATIVE RUSSIAN PUBLIC IN THE STRUGGLE FOR 1864 COURT REFORMS BASES REVISION
DescriptionMain stages of Imperial Russia court system evolution in the light of 1864 reforms were covered and the content of public discussions on the problems of Russian legislature development was interpreted
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The topic is «The role of national intelligence in the incorporation of the North Caucasus in the Russian geopolitical space at the end of XIX century – the 1920s (by materials of Adyghe people)». The article is made in the framework of regional competition: «North Caucasus: tradition and modernity» 2014. – Krasnodar region. 14-11-23007 the type of project «A (P)» The topic is «The role of national intelligence in the incorporation of the North Caucasus in the Russian geopolitical space at the end of XIX century – the 1920s (by materials of Adyghe people)».Formation of the Soviet national local history through adyghe intelligentsia began in 20-ies. The active participation of the twentieth century intellectuals in the regional movement was caused and anxiety for the fate of cultural heritage and culture in general, and the changes in the conditions of work and life. Everywhere there were different forms of organization and scale of local history, which set themselves common objectives: a comprehensive study native land, to disseminate knowledge about the homeland of the people. The study region was closely connected with the identification, collection, accounting, protection and use of a variety of historical and cultural monuments. "Golden Age" of the national local lore came in the first post-revolutionary decade. During this period, the efforts of national intelligence unified both within the local history organizations and leading independent research has done a great organization, research served as the basis for further research activities. There was intense accumulation of sources, there were papers on various subjects of national history, attempts writing generalizing works, establish cooperation with the regional and central and local history research organizations
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The given article explores the political and social processes that were occurred in the Civil War in the sphere of existence of the Russian family. The author examines the nature of family and socio-cultural relations of the Russian population in this period, especially the processes of modification and transformation of family values, the policy of the new leadership came to power in October 1917 in traditional Russian family; he also analyzes the reasons of attempts of reforms permanently taken by the authorities in this sphere of life of the Russian society. The changes taking place after the October revolution of 1917 y. in the Russian society were so profound in nature that lead the thoughts of whether to exist at the family as a social unit in its traditional form or there has come the time of complete denial of family values, the elimination of the family as a special social institution or there comes a time of the formation of new forms of sexual interaction between men and women in accordance with the changed social conditions, such forms that will make their relationship more free and relaxed in social terms. New decrees and laws enacted after October 1917 y. by the Bolshevik government contributed to the transformation of the whole system of family ties; they changed the very basis of the existence of previous family and dictated a new social reality in which there was no place for the values of the past. Everything on what the traditional family was based in Russia, in fact was revoked and there came new norms and rules of family life dictated by the views of the Bolshevik ideologists about relations between the sexes
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CULTURE SOVIET TRADE IN THE COLLECTIVE FARMS IN THE POSTWAR DECADES
DescriptionOn the basis of the periodic analysis of the materials of the Soviet post-war decades, this article attempts to analyze the activities of commercial enterprises to meet the consumer demand of the rural population. According to the author, the abolition of the card system in the Soviet Union in 1947 did not reach the stated goals: increasing demand of the population was unable to meet the deficit and preserve consumer goods led to the emergence of new social relations and relations between individuals included in the power hierarchy and employees trade institutions, and the bulk of the rural population is supplied with goods on leftovers. Many shopping facilities in collective farms did not have time to prepare for work in a trade without a card and as a result, the first days of the reform were not working. In rural areas, acute shortage of food and industrial products: matches, kerosene, clothing, etc. Villagers not infrequently encountered rude attitude on the part of those engaged in trade and unsanitary conditions reigning in retail establishments. In many settlements, timetable of stores sellers was not respected and it gave yet another disadvantage to the rural population
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CULTURAL DISTURBANCES OF RUSSIA IN THE POST-REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
DescriptionThe article examines the artistic life of the country in the post-revolutionary period, which was characterized by the active creative work, diversity and to some extent inconsistency in culture. It is emphasized that the coup that took place in 1917, provided the impetus as the development of certain areas in the arts and cultural sector in general. It is concluded that the main feature of art as a component of the revolutionary culture of the country was to maintain the ideas of the Bolsheviks and the promotion of the new government, as well as the submission of the new government of each of the areas of cultural activity in Russia. Attention is focused on the fact that the development of art and culture in such difficult and tense post-revolutionary years in the country not only did not stop, but even continued to rise. The Bolsheviks understood the specific role of art, which manifests itself in the fact that it acts as a means of social and psychological impact. After all, art gives a person an opportunity to relive their lives of those who made history and now works. Therefore, it becomes clearer and more accessible sense of political, class and economic relations a lot is through the art. The culture of the country after the fateful October originally reflected the changes in the country and the time itself is filled with a variety of events. Every type of art in its own way conveys the spirit of the era, the atmosphere reigning in the post-revolutionary society. The article says that the Soviet culture was increasingly being filled with proletarian, internationalist, and socialist content. That is why characteristic of that time was the desire to penetrate art in people's daily lives
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MYTHS AND REALITIES OF THE 1917 REVOLUTION
Description2017 was declared the year of the "100th anniversary of the Great Russian Revolution", or else it is called the "Great Russian Revolution". Such a message was given to the Address of the President of our country, V.V. Putin to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. The authors in the article rightly and reasonably point out that if the February bourgeois revolution, despite a number of objective reasons, was still the apex, palace take-over, October of 1917 was precisely a revolution, and not some kind of Bolshevik conspiracy. Why a revolution, not a take-over? The authors prove and convince the reader that this was essentially an inter-information socialist revolution, which radically changed the social system and the form of ownership. The article proves that the palace coup, which took place in February and brought "politicians into dress coats" to power, led to the victory of October 1917 due to their inaction and incompetence in the country's political leadership. None of the exciting question: about the war, peace, land, factories and factories, the form of state structure, the Provisional Government was not allowed. Therefore, due to objective and subjective reasons, the victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution broke out
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Description
The article considers the place of Islamic festivities of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha in the policy of Nazi Germany among the North Caucasus highlanders. Implementing “The North Caucasian experiment” based on speculation costs in prewar policy of Soviet power in the North Caucasus, the occupation regime has identified Islamic holidays a special role in the demonstration of “good intentions” and propaganda among highlanders. The author's concept is founded on the premise that under Nazi occupation of mountain areas Muslim holidays, with a strong outward expression, became a part of not only religious but also the ethno-political, social and economic policies of the Third Reich and served as a means of “political security” for Nazi rule. Using the archival documents and materials of the Berlin newspaper “Gazavat”, the author reveals the background, course and consequences of celebration of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha in the occupied North Caucasus in October and December 1942 and the place of Islamic holidays in Anti-Communist propaganda among highlanders in the Wehrmacht units. The chronological scope of the study is conditioned by the fact that it was during 1942-1944 the arsenal of policy of the Third Reich among Muslims in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East included Muslim holidays