07.00.00 Historical sciences
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IMPERIAL PROBLEMS IN THE BLACK HUNDRED’S IDEOLOGY
DescriptionThe article covers the problems connected with defense of united and indivisible Russian empire by the Black Hundred. Extreme-right’s counteraction to the attempts of the liberal-revolutionary movement to undermine integrity of the country was conditioned by conservative foundation of the Black Hundred’s ideology, which had primary function to protect national tradition. The author gives their system of argumentation aimed at conservation of the unity and integrity of the empire in comparison with position of opposition groups
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NATIONAL MINORITY PROBLEMS IN THE BLACK HUNDRED’S IDEOLOGY
DescriptionThe article covers Black hundred’s basic approaches to the national minority problems. Starting from conservative foundation of extreme-right doctrine, the Black Hundred divided national minorities into friendly and hostile. Belonging to the friendly peoples determined not by ethnic origin, but by acceptance of basic values of Russian civilization - Orthodoxy, autocracy, nationality. This approach caused international nature of the right-monarchical movement
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Description
The article examines some of the specific features of legal regulation of the legal liability of judges in pre-revolutionary Russia. Unfortunately, this legal Institute was not perfect. The analysis of the normative acts and the special literature indicates not a high level of quality of justice and service discipline of individual officials of the judiciary
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Description
Occupation of the Soviet territory by German fascist invaders during the Great Patriotic War caused considerable damage. The Soviet Government developed legal and regulatory framework for the methods of assessment of damage. The purpose of this article is to analyze the legal framework, by the example of a regulatory act according to which calculation of damage to the collective farms in the occupied territories during World War II was made. The NKVD instruction "On the procedure of collecting, recording and storage of documentary materials relating to the atrocities, destruction, looting and violence of the German authorities in the occupied Soviet areas" was adopted in May 1942. Based on the instruction, and under orders of the NKVD in Elista, events to identify and collect materials that characterize the crimes of Hitler's government were carried out. According to these instructions, materials reflecting Nazi atrocities were subjected to the mandatory deposit of the State Archives. The paper gives summary quantitative data on the results of assessment of damage caused during the occupation period in August 8, 1942 to January 20, 1943
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Description
In the article a detailed based on some archive sources study of the Kuban Cossacks traditional dwelling interior has been made. There also has been considered its composition with decorative items design, paper panels, decorative tissues, carpets, rags, furniture, pictures, ets.
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ISLAMIC LAW IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the problem of formation and development of Islamic law in the Ottoman Empire. In the beginning of the article, the author considers the ratio between Sharia and customary law in the legal system of the Ottoman Empire and reveals that the basis of customary law is the right of the Turks. Furthermore, the author highlights the main legal institutions of the state, and analyzes legal acts that appeared during the reign of the sultans Muhammad al-Fatih, Selim I, Suleiman I, Ahmad I and Abd alHamid. Then the author analyzes the features of Islamic law of the Ottoman Empire, identifies features of the contractual relationship, matrimonial and criminal law. Compares the rights of Muslims and non-Muslims, and reveals that the latter were divided into two categories: zimmi and musta’man, identifying legal privileges of each of them. At the end of the article, the author makes a conclusion about the continuity of the various legal acts of the Ottoman Empire, the crown of which is al-Majalla, some of the provisions, which has not lost its relevance in our time
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Description
The offered article considers one of key problems of the Soviet history. It is an activity of governing bodies of the national economy in the period of the New Economic Policy in separately taken region — the Republic of Kalmykia. As a result of a research it is shown how archival materials and separate types of sources are used in studying of the designated problems, how the revealed sources interact between themselves in research works. The publication of new archival documents and their variety demonstrate that the new milestone begins in studying problems of governing bodies. It is connected not so much with specific updating of documents as with change of a technique of the analysis. The main attention begins to be paid to subjective factors and circumstances. In this regard further development of source base in studying of system of governing bodies in Kalmykia will be defined by modern ideas of the place and a role of the historical document in understanding of the past
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HISTORIC DESTINIES OF A. WEISMANN’S THEORY AND MICHURINIST AGROBIOLOGY
DescriptionThe article analyzes the historical significance of Weismann’s and Michurin’s Agrobiology in the development of biological sciences. We have identified the important role outlined in this article, the main provisions of Weismannism as an integral part of modern biology. The article shows the failure of Michurin’s Agrobiology, in which the conclusion was drawn on the possibility and necessity of inheritance of acquired trades. The method of analysis and synthesis (descriptive, historical-chronological, retrospective) has been executed
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Description
The historical experience of specialist staff training for rural areas in our country is invaluable for the countries in which differences between urban and rural areas there still exist. Rural development is unthinkable without the active work of the rural literate. In this article, we consider this process in Chechen-Ingush Republic in 1966-1975. There is a rapid growth in number of knowledge workers in the rural areas there. Chechen-Ingush State University dominated in the process of qualified staff training for non-agricultural occupations for the village. 7 Faculties functioned there, where, at the end of the period, 5,000 students studied. Half of them were the national staff. They were trained by qualified highereducation teaching personnel. The following material and technical conditions were available for normal training: a hostel for 1480 people, a canteen, and a library with a huge book collection. Every year, a large number of teachers from a number of regions of the Russian Federation arrived in the republic. For rural people, admission to universities of the country was facilitated. As a result of work done, within two fiveyear periods universities of CHIASSR prepared 16.9 thousand highly qualified specialists, most of whom were directed to work in rural areas. Scope of training of specialists with secondary education for the village was widened. As a result of performed work, staff scarcity for trained specialist decreased in rural areas
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THE HISTORY OF THE FEMINIST MOVEMENT IN EGYPT: GENESIS AND MODERN TENDENCIES
DescriptionThe article analyzes the complex and contradictory process of feminism in the Islamic cultural space on the example of Egypt. The author analyzes feminism as ideological and political of the movement women's equality phenomenon. We study the Genesis of the feminist movement in Egypt; reveal its social-economic causes and historical roots. In the article we consider the main problems associated with the status of Muslim women in the coverage of the largest Muslim educators and reformers of the previous century. It is proved that the movement for women emancipation in the Arab world was the movement of the upper layers of society, initiated by men. In the course of study a new historiographical material (mainly of translated character) was revealed and introduced into the scientific circulation which contributed to the study of a number of insufficiently studied problems