08.00.00 Economic sciences
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Description
The article discusses the necessity to consider industry characteristics in assessing the financial status and solvency of economic entities. The functioning of the agricultural sector organizations is characterized by a number of features including the high risks, seasonal production, uneven cash flows from operating activities, low profitability of the business and low capital turnover ratio. Under these conditions, the credit rating of the agricultural producers, based on an analysis of their financial situation, is essential to determine the risks associated with the impossibility to return the principal sum and interest. Each bank develops its own methodology for an evaluation of the credit risks of the borrowers, taking into account the credit policy and customer features. The study has shown that the analysis of the borrower's financial situation through a variety of factors underlies the assessment of the creditworthiness. The article also discusses the credit rating methodologies of the federal and regional commercial banks. Their similarities and differences are highlighted both by a set of the applied indicators and by the recommended threshold limits. The conclusion is that the current methodologies insufficiently take the industry characteristics of borrowers into account that increases the risks of loan default. Applying an individual approach to the evaluation of their financial status and taking the industry characteristics activities and the development effectiveness into account are recommended at crediting of the agricultural producers
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WORK AND MOTIVATION IN AGRARIAN SECTOR
DescriptionBased on a comparative analysis of the level of productivity in the agrarian sector of Russia and the leading countries in the world economy, the main trends and factors affecting the growth of this indicator were revealed. One the main reasons for low productivity is the technical and technological backwardness. In this regard, productivity gains can be achieved by improving the employment and organizational-technological innovation. We have comprehensively illuminated the problem of labor motivation. Based on our own researches and data from agrarian scientists the ways of its strengthening were traced. Also, there was highlighted highly motivated work in the family farms, which is not just a form of entrepreneurial employment based on private ownership of the means of production and the use of familial form of labor, but also the lifestyle of the rural man. We must not forget that the main motivation to work lies not only in its pay, but also in the education of people and traditions. It highlights the role of social support of rural youth and the need for radical improvement of social infrastructure. For the selfassertion of the individual, which is especially important for young men, the person should see a sense of ownership, initiative, independence, participation in decision-making and the distribution of income. These qualities are fully manifested in the family livestock farms and other forms of small business. Work on yourself is the most reliable social protection
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Description
The study of the nature of many problems has to be the place in the economy of our country has revealed a lot of reasons and circumstances that trigger and aggravate them. Here you should pay attention to numerous gaps in the legislation, rooting the practice of finding and using such spaces, the lack of proper accounting and control over economic activity. Provided freedom of enterprise often rests on the inability of a large mass of participants of economic relations to solve everyday economic issues, to ensure a proper record of their activities, to present objectively the results of their work, to eliminate the appearance of contradictions. In the article the authors point to the need to change the mentality of business executives and companies in the direction of the inviolable observance of legally established and rules of business turnover. However, this requires a considerable amount of time and effort in following the course that is problematic. The authors point out that the solution of the problem may be the proposed accounting system based on an automated module with the established algorithms and patterns of economic behavior of business executives, which will rule out the withholding of economic ties, a reflection of unreal operations
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Description
The article deals with trends of development of the banking sector in agro-industrial sector of economy. It is confirmed that the Internet is a source of information not only about the client, but also information about bank, about problem points of its growth. It is important that the bank was able to hear the client, to change and to be responsible for the mistakes. Important elements of feedback are considered. The analysis of distribution of appeals on channels of receipt is carried out. Important principles of work with client on the Internet are determined: openness and simplicity in work with client; speed of reaction to publications; lack of tough speech scripts; universality of specialists; individual approach; innovation; management of flows of feedbacks; promotion. The discount is provided for a feedback of any tonality, it is gratitude to the customer for the time which he doesn't regret for writing of feedback about the company. The department of client service will be able to react to complaints of any tonality and to work with client appeals of arriving from any sources such as phone calls in call center, written complaints, and responses from the website of the company because client feedback through Internet resources as a source of customer information and work of bank is important
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TO THE QUESTION OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF GRAIN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
DescriptionIt is noted that the grain market has a key influence on food supply in our country. Today, in the conditions of import substitution, many animal products continue to be received from abroad in large volumes, among which grain is a feeding base, although those products can be produced domestically with high profits. In recent years, our country has become a large grain exporter and had been set among the four world's largest grain sellers at the world market. Now, the main problem of the grain business has become not manufacturing but the effective management and marketing of grain sale on domestic and foreign markets. Under the "grain market", the authors understand an integrated mechanism covering the entire process of production - processing - logistics - marketing of grain products, ensuring access to the consumer. The authors note that today there should not be rigid boundaries in the management segments of the grain market, as all sectors of the market are technologically linked through a set of integrated activities. Also they are bringing up their model of functioning management of the grain market, which clearly demonstrates the basic blocks of the investigated production systems, their connections and relationships. The practical implementation of such cooperation promises to participants of the grain market to get a certain synergistic effect due to the systemic functioning of technological, logistics, marketing and other business relationships between all parties; as well as adjustments to price ratios and more sophisticated economic instruments for investment in that business
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RESERVES OF IMPROVING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF RICE PRODUCTION IN AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS
DescriptionThis article studies the dynamics of rice yields in the Russian Federation; it analyzes the current state of the rice industry in the agricultural organizations of Russia and the Krasnodar region. The authors have studied the main economic indicators of the rice production and analyzed the production costs of this crop. The analysis of the composition of the main production costs allowed the authors to determine and calculate the reserves to reduce the costs and increase crop profits. Seed variety change and seed production are becoming of great importance in the rice production. In this regard, the article proves the necessity of timely seed variety change. The calculation of the basic reserves of cost reduction contributed to the identification of the major activities aimed at optimizing the functioning of the rice industry as a whole
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MOTIVATIONAL MECHANISM OF INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ECONOMIC MARKET AGENTS
DescriptionThe article discusses the monitoring of labor in the pilot organizations. The monitoring of labor indicates that nowadays it is particularly relevant to introduce organizational innovations in the field of staff remuneration in order to stimulate the proper production behavior. The article deals with the problems of innovative development of the employee’s motivation in an unstable economic development. The authors proposed the technique of information provision of the management staff with natural and value indices of labor resources generated in IFRS. An effective system of motivation of the personnel is of a particular importance in a turbulent economic environment, because in a competitive environment the employer views the staff as an essential resource that determines the success of economic market agents. The greatest attention should be paid to the staff training and saving valuable employees that enables organizations to achieve high financial results. The main aspect of the solution of many administrative decisions is a science-based system for obtaining timely, reliable and cost-effective information on the use of labor resources generated in the accounting and analytical base of the organization
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Description
There were considered the controversial questions on correctness of different approaches to determination of land plot productivity, calculation of differential rental profit and their cadastre cost. There were given the different points of view on the formation of absolute, monopolistic and differential rent. There was analyzed the ratio of marginal product of land and land tax. There was established that the size of land tax is significantly lower than land rent and is at a medium quality of agricultural land 10, 3% of its level. Organizations with a high score of quality of locality and the ability to create differential rent II, pay relatively less land tax than organizations with a low score of quality of locality. It was concluded that at present a large part of the land rent remains at the disposal of agricultural organizations. The basis of valuation of land is land rent. A new methodology of cadastral valuation of lands does not account the general indicator of soil quality – a score of quality of locality. To determine the optimal level of rent is necessary to improve the technique of the state cadastral valuation of lands, compulsory registration of soil quality based on the score of quality of locality. Differential rent is formed at all sites when used in agricultural production, regardless of forms of ownership, is determined by the cost of production in relatively worse conditions, and peculiarities of formation of differential land rent in agriculture and to ensure equal opportunities for the introduction of agricultural production by means of withdrawal of land rent at employees who work in better conditions
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FEATURES OF USE AND PROSPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE
DescriptionOne of the priority directions of development of the Russian economy, in terms of import substitution and maintenance of food security of the state is agriculture. Agricultural production is a complex, high-risk business that requires the most careful calculation and planning. The achievement of the objectives to improve production efficiency and reduce risks in the agricultural sector can contribute to the use of the design of controls, instruments, components of complex project management. Project management is an opportunity not only to use the existing internal resources of the enterprise, but also actively to attract additional investment. In connection with this topic is the use of project management elements or transition the agricultural sector enterprises from the classical management to project management is quite important. Partly to reduce the risks associated with the implementation of agricultural projects, and in some cases completely eliminate them, you can with the help of new information technologies in project management of agricultural production. This can greatly affect the quality and efficiency of management processes. More and more computer equipment and automation introduced in crop management processes to perform field work at the optimum time and progressively reduce costs and improve profitability. For example, the system "GEO-AGRO” helps organize all coming from various sources, information and process it to make decisions. Using the project approach more actively in the agricultural sector in conjunction with information technology is possible, first of all, with the state support of the agricultural sector projects. In addition, it is advisable to form the design thinking of farm managers. Implementation of these proposals will help to attract more investment and boost profitability for agricultural production
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THE ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
DescriptionThe article discusses the economic potential of renewable energy sources and prospects of their use in Russia, in particular, in the Krasnodar region. Briefly describe all sources of renewable energy, their energy potential, discussed in detail the potential of biogas