10.00.00 Philological sciences
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SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE CONCEPT OF “FRIEND” DEVELOPMENT IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
10.00.00 Philological sciences
DescriptionThis article is devoted to the development of the social aspects of the concept of "Friend" in Russian dating from the 12th century. The article describes the main stages of formation of the concept "Friend", states the social aspects of its development, as well as their reflection in the semantics of the Russian words. Based on the works of authoritative linguists, we found out that the conceptual sphere of language is undergoing changes, depending on the social and historical factors – it may be restricted, expanded, changed in its evaluation, the disappearance of parts of concepts or even the whole concepts may occur, which are naturally reflected in the vocabulary of the language. In addition, such a phenomenon as a change in the nominative density of the concept can be observed, which is the loss of some of the nominations and / or acquisition of new ones. The considered concept "Friend" is defined in the article as a non-parametric, non-regulatory, socio-specific concept, which usage depends on the specifics of the society in which it is used. The analysis of the concept "Friend" usage based on the material of different literary, documentary and historical sources showed that the social sphere of functioning of the concept "Friend" from the 12th to the 20th century includes the sphere of generic communication, non-blood everyday social contacts, trade and other economic relations, warfare and communication at the highest levels
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10.00.00 Philological sciences
DescriptionNowadays, as a result of modernization of the Russian higher education, it is important to improve its quality on part of the competence approach. This article covers the aspects of perfection of the academic process in the sphere of a foreign language in a nonlinguistic university. The basic components are communicative approach use, specialty component development, the use of the interactive education, motivation development and the regional component usage at lessons. Methodically correct use of these aspects as a whole will facilitate the foreign communicative competence development of technical students in non-linguistic universities
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10.00.00 Philological sciences
DescriptionThe article analyzes the particular characteristics of the logical and psychological sides of argumentation as a means of a persuasive effect in the speech of a public linguistic identity. The relevance of the research is defined by the importance of problems of studying the language of the given linguistic identities. The novelty is in the aspect of setting the problem of studying various types of public linguistic identities and in involving previously unresearched material. The object of study is a rhetorical speech portrait of a public language identity (prosecutor). The subject is particularities of logical and psychological lines of reasoning as ways of persuasive effect. The method used is scientific description with elements of speech portraying, observation. As a whole, the speech of the prosecutor corresponds to the rhetorical canons, having a standard logical composition: introduction, analysis and evaluation of the evidence gathered in the case, personality characteristics, conclusion. Various types of logical and rhetorical (psychological) lines of reasoning were distinguished in the course of the analysis. It is found that the text is rich in affective evaluation and metaphors. The general strategy is the prevalence of the psychological side of persuasive speech over the logical. The public language identity chosen strategy turned out to be successful, i.e. it made the speech expressive, original, assisting the formation of the judge's opinion in terms of conviction
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10.00.00 Philological sciences
DescriptionThe article analyzes Charles W. Chesnutt’s novel “The House Behind the Cedars” regarding the writer’s new approach to Afro-American cultural identity. It seeks to determine the problems of self-identity of black Americans in the novel which are related to the modern epoch of multiculturalism
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SONG CREATIVITY DURING THE CIVIL WAR
10.00.00 Philological sciences
DescriptionFeatures of musical culture in Russia during the Civil War are considered in the article. The author analyzes various musical genres, which have arisen during this period, and emphasizes characteristics of musical song creativity of that time. The involvement of song creativity into realities of surrounding life was its striking trait. It has been directly connected with military-political opposition of 1917 developed in Russia after October revolution. The author analyzes similarities and distinctions, and also genre features in song creativity of representatives of two militarypolitical camps – the Reds (Bolsheviks and their supporters) and the Whites (representatives of the antiBolshevist movement). The author reveals their characteristics and specifics of genre lyrics. The sources of song creativity of the Civil War period were in thickly national consciousness; and song creativity of those years quite often had a wide national basis. At the same time musical song creativity of representatives of two military-political camps was crossed among themselves as they belonged to one culture. Military-political opponents quite often used the same songs, the same genre features. Cultural communication between representatives of different social groups and political forces in the years of Civil War was not interrupted and it was strong, despite all shocks
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CORRELATION OF TERMS “WORD PICTURE OF A CHARACTER” AND “LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTER TYPE”
10.00.00 Philological sciences
DescriptionThe basic terms important for the linguistic and cultural studies analysis such as "word picture of a character" and “linguistic and cultural character type” are described in the article altogether with the analysis of the relationship between these concepts as exemplified in the novel "The Godfather" by M. Puzo. The cultural component of literary texts focuses on the cross-cultural pragmatics, underlining the method of linguistic and cultural character type modelling as it is a personalized artistic concept with an intertextual character. The research highlighted that the given method draws excessive attention to common features of the considered characters, therefore, partially ignoring certain characteristics possessed by individual characters. There are good reasons to add the research of the word picture of the character as a part of the individual author world picture to the method. The article explains the rationale of a contaminated term "linguistic and cultural image" as the best one explains the individually expressed features of character, ethnoculturaly determined
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CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF KEY WORDS DURING THE FORMATION OF A SEARCH QUERY
10.00.00 Philological sciences
DescriptionThis article was written in the mainstream of modern Lingua-pragmatic research and is dedicated to the analysis of the criteria for selecting keywords during the formation of a search query. The choice of this type of Internet communication is due, first of all, to the fact that the search query is a text consisting entirely of keywords, aside from that search query is used in everyday speech practice regularly and often. The article suggests possible criteria for the selection of keywords; we have developed a technique for analyzing the search query in a communicative aspect. The main methods studies were continuous sampling of the material, linguistic experiment and semantic and communicative analysis. Particular attention is paid to the difficulties arising in the analysis of requests in which the producer's intention is not clearly expressed. The results of the research are important for understanding the linguistic essence of the keyword, the principles of the formation of search queries and can be used in the analysis of keywords in different types of texts. Practical significance of the research is that taking into account the given criteria in the choice of keywords allows reducing the communicative risks arising in the process of the search query formation
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FEATURES OF THE DISCOURSE FUNCTIONING OF AN ELECTRONIC SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL JOURNAL
10.00.00 Philological sciences
DescriptionThe subject of the study is the discursive nature of the electronic scientific journal "Philological aspect" in the network environment. This work uses the method of traditional linguistic description, the logicalsyntactic method of studying, the method of functional text analysis, discursive analysis, which allows identifying the characteristics of the participants of the discourse communication and their impacts on them. The article deals with a new type of discourse, which represents a combination of research, networking, teaching, administrative, advertising, mass-media types of discourse that are reflected in the functioning of the electronic scientific and practical journal, and realize on the modern electronic platform as a means of mass information; determines the specific characteristics of a new discourse type compared to the traditional discourse types. Scientific novelty of the research is to establish the constitutive features of a research, networking, academic types of discourse in the new discourse type, which is peculiar to the electronic scientific and practical journal, identifying lexical, grammatical and textual features and characteristics of the structural-semantic and pragmatic parameters of this discourse type. In conclusion, it should be noted that the interaction of different discourse types within the electronic scientific journal is accompanied by formation of the new discourse type of a higher level – the discourse of electronic scientific-practical journal. The uniqueness of the functioning of the scientific journal based on the electronic platform enhances this interaction of the discourses in which the imposition of all language elements, structures, relations, strategies and characteristics happen at the same time
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IRONIC DISCOURSE IN "NOTEBOOKS" BY A. VAMPILOV
10.00.00 Philological sciences
DescriptionThe article analyzes "Notebooks" by one of the most prominent playwrights of the 20th century Aleksandr Vampilov. "Notebooks" are considered as an example of ironic discourse in this genre. The study of irony nature in Vampilov’s “Notebooks” reveals the patterns of ironic discourse, which manifest themselves in the ironic light of serious domestic, moral, and professional problems. We perceive it today as intellectual and moral impetus, a special mood allowing us to survive, as self-protection of the individual from the pressure of reality. The irony in Vampilov’s "Notebooks" is achieved by the desire of getting away from the stereotypes of consciousness, obsolete dogmas. The irony "disallows" the eternal oppositions "new—old", "temporary—eternal", "subjective—objective", "art— life". The ironic game with terms, cliché expressions, denoting compromised political and ideological phenomena, with the concept of a name; the ironic interpretation of moon image as a leitmotif in Vampilov’s work reflect dominant ironic pathos of notebooks. The analysis of “Notebooks” by A. Vampilov allows us to understand the irony not only as a consequence of painful antinomicity, personal spiritual contradictions inherent to the artist of that time, but as a way of world vision: the ability to overcome the deadlock of crisis period, and aspiration of the creative personality to the desired integrity
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SPEECH INFLUENCE OF THE UTTERANCES OF RUSSIAN POLITICIANS: ARGUMENTATIVE AND STRATEGIC APPROACH
10.00.00 Philological sciences
DescriptionThe aim of our study is to determine the degree of speech influence of the utterances of Russian politicians in political debates. We analyze speech influence from the point of view of the category of intensity. By identifying the means expressing intensity in the Russian language we have calculated which and how many of them were used in Russian political debates. By using the methods of the strategic approach we have calculated which and how many of the means expressing intensity were used in the strategy of discredit and in the strategy of selfpresentation. By using the notion of the argument, the argumentative course and argumentative step we have created the argumentative structure of the utterances of Russian politicians, which may consist of one or more levels. The more levels are in the argumentative structure, the more intensive is the argument. So we have calculated the levels of each argument. We also considered the connection between the reasons. Linked arguments are more intensive than convergent ones. So we have calculated how many arguments with the linked connection and how many with the convergent connection there are in the analyzed political debates