25.00.00 Sciences about Earth
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Description
The article presents the experience of engineeringgeological zoning to establish patterns of spatial variability of the components of engineeringgeological conditions. In the ArcGIS environment was created a set of electron-digital maps, taking into account the influence of adverse geological processes and landforms for the design, construction and operation of linear engineering structures.
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ON IMPROVING THE ACCURACY OF FILLING GEODETIC NETWORKS OF QUADRANGLES
DescriptionThe article considers the issue of increasing the accuracy of filling geodetic networks of quadrangles with measured by the parties by increasing the number of conditional equations. We have considered the three variants of placement of additionally measured diagonals of the squares. The results improve the accuracy in the determination of coordinates of points within the network, due to these additional measured elements
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EVALUATION OF TOURISTIC ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE BLACK SEA BEACHES OF THE KRASNODAR REGION
DescriptionThe methodology of evaluation of touristic attractiveness of the Black sea coast of the Krasnodar area is presented in this article. This method is based on ranked assessment using statistical analysis
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MAKING OF CARTOGRAPHIC MODELS FOR CLIMATIC BACKGROUND OF MAYMA RIVER BASIN
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the study of the spatial distribution of air temperature, precipitation and their ratio in the form of moisturizing factor of the Mayma river basin. Calculations of the vertical and horizontal gradients are hold. Cartographic models of the distribution basic climatic indices are also constructed
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APPLICATION OF CLIMATIC INDICES FOR EVALUATION OF REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN TOURIST ATTRACTIVENESS
DescriptionIn the article we consider the results of the study of climatic attractiveness of the South of Russia from the point of view of tourism development. Formal definition of attractiveness was reached by using a wide spread concept of climatic indices. Any climatic index is calculated by a set of medical and biological characteristics. The latter are defined on the basis of human physiology. Indices, which are used for evaluation of attractiveness of one or another region from the point of view of recreation and tourism, have certain peculiarities. Very often they are calculated using poorly formalized and arguable indications like psychological feeling of meteorological characteristics and even aesthetic perception. Taking into account above mentioned experience we have suggested a new approach for evaluation of climatic tourist indices basing on initial (standard 3 hour discretion) meteorological observations with maximum possible exclusion from a calculation scheme all subjective parameters. Our approach is based on a well-known method of Mieczkowski [4]. The method was developed more than 30 ears ago and is still widely applied. Our method allows objectively evaluate nonsmoothed index values because it takes into account combinations of meteorological characteristics with maximum available discretion during the day. A method demonstrated its capability for evaluation of regional variations in tourist attractiveness. We analyzed 40–year dynamics of attractiveness in the region being in the focus of the study
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Description
Increasing of tea production in the foothills of Adygea should be based on potential soil properties suitable for tea plant. The goal was achieved using modern methods of soil evaluation of tea plantations. The evaluation criteria were the following agrochemical and agro indicators: soil acidity (pH KCl); hydrolytic acidity; the sum of exchangeable bases; bases saturation; granulometric composition. It was found that the soil under tea plantation in Adygeya classifies as brown forest poorly unsaturated with the level of potential fertility rated as satisfactory (bonitet rating 40-60). However, the low supply of nutrients in the layer 0-40 cm: phosphorus (19,04 ± 2,42 mg / 100 g soil), potassium (17,70 ± 1,60 mg / 100 g soil) and a sufficiently high degree of saturation of soil bases in the layer of 50- 100 cm (67,10 ± 11,67%) in combination with a soil moisture deficit determine their low productivity of 16,0 ± 5,0 kg / ha, whereas their potential productivity of 30-50 t / ha. The development of scientifically grounded, targeted ameliorative and agro-technical measures (irrigation, nutrition systems using physiologically acidic forms of nitrogen and potash fertilizers that reduce the degree of saturation of the soil bases) will help to increase the effective soil fertility and allow the tea plants reach its biological potential and achieve predicted productivity in Adygea region
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LOCALIZATION FEATURES OF GEOCHEMICAL TYPES OF UNDERGROUND WATER OF OB-TOMSKOYE INTERFLUVIAL
DescriptionThe chemical composition of neogen-quaternary, paleogene, cretaceous and paleozoic aquifer systems in the Ob-Tomskoye interfluves area is presented in the article. The water saturation with respect to secondary minerals is described. Authors show that the waters of all studied aquifer systems are saturated with respect to montmorillonites and calcite in a less degree. The geochemical water types are identified and their distribution is described
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CALCULATION OF MELTING RATE OF DEBRIS-COVERED AREAS OF A MOUNTAIN GLACIER
DescriptionConsiderable parts of the ablation zones of mountain glaciers in various mountain systems of the World are covered with rocks (dibris). Heat and physical properties of debris layer are very different from those of ice. Debris layer determines ablation rate and ice run-off regime. Dependently on thickness, it can accelerate ablation or totally isolate ice cover from melting. To describe ablation rate in a mathematical model correctly, one needs to include in it a block responsible for heat exchange of debris-covered areas with the atmosphere. In the paper, we consider an algorithm for calculation of ablation rate under the layer of debris, which is to be incorporated to the surface mass balance model. We also describe results of calculations of temperature distribution in a debris layer and estimates of ablation rate under the latter. All calculations were carried out for heat and physical properties of Djankuat Glacier in the Central Caucasus
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THE ROLE OF LAND, WATER AND MINERAL RESOURCES IN THE CONFLICTS IN AFRICA AND THE WAY FORWARD
DescriptionThe scarcity of natural resources has become a serious problem in terms of security in the world. This article examines the role of the limited resources in conflicts in Africa. The main source of conflict is the issue of control of resources and the right to a healthy environment. Here we consider the case of the regional conflicts in the African context. A large number of major rivers in Africa also have been the cause of conflicts between the riparian countries. However, most of these problems have been successfully solved, and in many cases, this process led to the formation of regional blocs for economic and diplomatic cooperation in the region. In addition to inter-State disputes, there are also internal disputes among regions or states within the same country for the control of resources. However, in some cases these regions have developed wellcoordinated approaches to resolving the disputes: either by judicial apportionment, congressional action or based on negotiated compacts. In general, we believe that a careful application of equitable resource-sharing formula to volatile areas is a basic condition for peace and stability in Africa
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Description
Within the Terek-Sunzha gas area we have identified patterns, most of which are divided into blocks in some cases with large amplitude shear. The processes of destruction of structures took place during the period of their formation and the subsequent time and due to the strong and catastrophic earthquakes. The article provides a statistical analysis of strong earthquakes in this region during the period 1688-2008 and the regularities of their existence. It is shown that the maximum number of earthquakes took place during the period of the depths of 5-12 km and the distribution of the number of strong earthquakes at levels subject to certain matematical patterns. With regard to the analysis of the distribution of earthquakes in a single year in the whole of the globe, we obtained the correlation of the displacement of rocks from levels of existence of earthquakes and possible displacement of rocks to very catastrophic earthquakes. We have also given the forecast frequency and the number of strong catastrophic earthquakes for the period from the beginning of the formation of structures up to the present time. We assessed maximum displacements of rock blocks during this time, which is in good agreement with the actual values of the displacement of rock blocks