06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
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AGRO-BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF CORN DEPENDING ON THE DENSE OF PLANT STANDING AND SEED PROTECTOR
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article provides an overview of the results of the study of the growth and development of corn in the conditions of the northern zone of the Krasnodar region, depending on the density of plant standing and seed dressing. The object of research was an early-ripe hybrid of Ross 199 corn. Two factors were studied in the experiment: factor A - plant stand density (60, 70 and 80 thousand units / ha), factor B - seed dresser (Maxim XL (k) and Maxim Quatro). The studies were carried out in accordance with the thematic plan of scientific research of the Department of General and Irrigated Agriculture of Kuban State Agrarian University. The total area of the plot is 1008 m2, the accounting area is 672 m2. The number of rows in the plot is only 8, including accounting - 4. The arrangement of the plots is systematic. Three repetition. The predecessor is winter wheat. The calculations and observations in the experiment were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The technology of growing corn in the experimental plot corresponded to generally accepted for this zone and culture. The predecessor is winter wheat. Our studies have found that the leaf area was largely influenced by the density of plant standing – with the thickening of crops, it decreased by 2.9 thousand m2 / ha or 28.7 %, and there were practically no differences in the leaf area between different variants of seed treatment. Corn plants increase the accumulation of dry matter throughout the growing season. With an increase in the density of plant standing, the accumulation of dry matter decreases, and the studied protectants do not affect this indicator
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ALGOLOGICAL MONITORING OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES OF MAIZE CROPS PRODUCTION
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article studies species composition and abundance of soil algae under hybrid Krasnodar 292 AMB cultivated with various technologies. 7 species of cyanobacteria and 11 soil algae were revealed. It was revealed that the highest total amount of algae was observed in variants of environmentally acceptable and intensive technology, which is associated with the positive effect of mineral fertilizers and the consequent application of organic matter on soil algal flora. However, in these variants a decrease was observed both in the number of species and in the abundance of green and yellow-green algae. The species Botrydiopsis arhiza Borzi was absent or found in insignificant amounts. The species composition was less diverse, which can be attributed to the negative effect of the herbicide used in these technologies. The method of tillage had practically no effect on green, yellow-green and diatoms. An increase in the intensity of soil cultivation had a significant negative effect on both the species composition and the number of cyanobacteria
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article defines the importance of growing potatoes in the Bryansk region. We carried out spatio-temporal re-search of the condition of the industry and identified key shifts in its development over the past 10 years. The pro-portion and its shifts were showed as well. We calculated ranking of administrative areas for potato production in general and by individual categories of farms for the period from 2008 to 2018. It allowed us to find out rates of spatio-temporal movements. The analysis showed increase of concentration and differentiation of growing potatoes in the region
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The studies were conducted on the biological economic efficiency of biological preparations against pests in the conditions of the training and experimental farm of the Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Stavropol State Agrarian University in winter wheat crops of the Yuka variety. The effect of triple use of biosecticides Bioslip BV (viable spores of Beauveria bassiana OPB-09 strain) and Bioslip BT (viable spores and thermostable crystalline endotoxin of B. thuringiensis strains) was studied. A tank mixture of Alt-Alf chemical insecticides, CE (alpha-cypermethrin 100 ml / l) and Actara, VDG (thiamethoxam 250 g / kg) was used as a reference. Bioinsecticide Bioslip BV most effectively suppresses cereal aphids: the average biological effectiveness was 78.3%, in relation to harmful turtle and wheat thrips, the effectiveness of the drug was 60.3-68.7%. Bioinsecticide Bioslip BT is effective against the red-breasted drunkard; the average biological effectiveness was 84.2%, in relation to other species - 27.2-44.2%. The efficiency of using a tank mixture of bioinsecticides with half consumption rates was in the range of 23.3-40.7%. The harmfulness of phytophages in winter wheat crops is high, the control yield is lower by 0.556 t / ha compared with chemical treatment. The smallest difference with economic etholone in the variant with three times use of Bioslip BV is 0.09 t / ha
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BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SOME EASTERN ASIAN PLANTS UNDER INTRODUCTION IN THE SOUTH OF PRIMORSKY KRAI
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article summarizes the results of long-term cultivation of east-asian plants in the arboretum of the Gornotayezhnaya Station of the FEB RAS. For the most resistant and decorative species we have indicated: degree of winter resistance, shoot formation and perspective group. Regeneration of the vegetative mass in introduced trees and shrubs after severe damage by low temperatures depends on the spawning capacity of plants. In each species, the degree of shoot formation is its biological feature and can vary greatly in different plant species. The most east-asian species have a high or medium degree of shoot formation, good indicators of winter resistance and of generative development (bloom, fruiting). The tested east-asian species of plants are characterized by high adaptive potential, which makes it possible to recommend them to a wide culture in the southern Primorye. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the introduction stability of east-asian plants in the conditions of the southern Primorye. Тhe method of the integral assessment of the viability and perspective of introduction on the basis of visual observations, developed in the department of dendrology of the GBS, P.I. Lapin and S.V. Sidneva, was used to determine the perspective groups of the introduced species
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BIOTECHNOLOGY OF IMPROVEMENT AND PRESERVATION OF NATIVE DON GRAPE VARIETIES
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article presents the results of microclonal reproduction and recovery of native grape varieties, the creation of basic nursery. In addition to the culture of apical meristems, we have developed a chemotherapy using salicylic acid. A method of decontamination of plants from mycoplasma infection has also been developed, which includes the introduction of the antibiotic Cefotaxim in the nutrient environment at a concentration of 50 to 450 mg/L, depending on the degree of infection of plants. Adding to the nutrient medium of the drug Emistim reduces the death of meristems from infection by 3-5 times, improves their differentiation. The use of the drug Melafen helps to improve morphogenesis and quality characteristics of plants. The high survival rate of meristems during adaptation to non-sterile conditions has been noted. Biological testing on herbaceous indicators showed no chronic diseases. Plants after adapting to non-sterile conditions are planted, in the form of vegetative seedlings with a closed rootsystem, on the basic nursery. The survival rate of plants was 70-80%, in some varieties it is higher: 96.4% (Sypun black) - 98.6% (Krestovsky). It has been proved that in vitro clonal microbreeding there is no change at the genetic level even after 8 years of cultivation, which confirms the reliability of the developed technology of reproduction and recovery of native grape varieties in vitro
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APPLE ROSETTE DISEASE IN NORTH CAUCASUS PLANTATIONS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article presents the results of a study of the apple tree rosette disease found in a collection garden and having a viral nature. The rosetting has typical signs of manifestation. Sick plants develop narrow small chlorotic leaves. Rosettes of leaves on the upper cervical and lateral shoots are formed as a result of the convergence of internodes. The spread of the rosetting in the planting reaches 10-11 %. The prevalence of viral disease varies among the 44 varieties of apple trees of different ecological and geographical origin. So, the lesion of rosetting was noted on single trees in the varieties of Gala Redi Red, Fujiko, Red Free, etc., and it was a complete defeat in the variety of Piros. A different degree of the manifestation of the disease on the trees was established: from partial manifestation on individual shoots, to aggressive damage to the entire crown of the tree. On young trees bearing fruiting (3-4 years from planting), the rosetting reduces the yield of apple trees by 36 %, ¼ part of the fruits on the trees are small in size compared to the fruits of healthy trees. The infectious nature of the rosetting is confirmed by the transfer of the disease on the most affected Piros variety using summer budding
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
In the article, we have studied the influence of biological nitrogen deposition on the physical and chemical parameters of natural semi-sweet wine, on the example of two grape varieties – classic European Chardonnay and interspecific hybrid Ekaterinodar, including amino acids and aroma-forming components. It is established, that the use of the proposed technology contributes to the active consumption of amino acids by yeast in the fermentation stage. At the same time, yeast cells consumed most actively alanine, valine, phenylalanine, histidine, aspartic, aminobutyric, glutamic acids, leucine, lysine, Sirin, tyrosine, threonine. A slight increase in the concentration of amino acids was observed at the end of fermentation, when the yeast cells entered the stationary phase of development. However, the content of all amino acids, with the exception of Proline, in the wine material was less than in grapes and fermenting wort. As a result of biological nitrogen deposition in experimental versions, the concentration of nitrogen compounds (total and amine nitrogen) was three times less than in the control ones. There is a difference in the concentration of flavor-forming components in wines prepared from both grape varieties using different technologies. In experimental versions, we observed a greater accumulation of almost all components of the aroma-binding complex (especially esters, terpenes, phenylethanol, and ionone), with the exception of higher alcohols. Experimental samples of natural semi-sweet wines from the Chardonnay and Ekaterinodar grape varieties were characterized by a bright floral and fruit aroma and had a higher tasting rating in comparison with the classic technology
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THE INFLUENCE OF THE HEFK GROWTH REGULATOR ON THE CROP YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article studies the influence of the plant growth regulator of the retardant type called HEFK (AS 480 g/l of etephone) on the yield and structural elements of winter wheat of Moskovskaya 39 variety under the conditions of the OAO Veryakushi Agricultural Entreprise, located in the north-eastern part of Diveyevo region on gray forest medium loamy soil. Field studies were being carried out for three years: from 2016 to 2019. We studied different application rates of HEFK: 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0 l / ha. The processing of winter wheat crops was performed in the phase of the beginning of exit into the tube. On average, over 3 years, the indicators of field germination of seeds and the survival rate of plants at harvest were good and amounted to 88.4-89.2% and 80.1 - 81.3%, respectively. The processing crops by HEFK in doses of 0.5 and 1.0 l / ha, showed the highest crop yield of - 4.07 and 4.12 t / ha, which exceeded the control rate by 0.29 and 0.34 t / ha, respectively. The growth regulator did not showed a significant effect on the density of the productive stem. At the same time, the treatment of HEFK crops in doses of 0.5 and 1.0 l / ha showed an increase in the spike productivity by 0.121-0.133 g due to an increase in spike grains by 3 pcs. In the variant with a HEFK use rate of 1.0 l / ha, the weight of 1000 grains increased by 0.6 g compared to the control rate. An increase in the dose of the growth regulator significantly reduced the height of wheat plants from 72.1 cm in the control group to 48.0 cm in the variant with a product application rate of 2.0 l / ha. The spike length in the variants with the application rate of HEFK of 0.5 and 1.0 l / ha was at the control level - 7.0-7.1 cm, whereas an increase in the dose of the growth regulator to 1.5-2.0 l / ha showed the decrease in the length of the spike by 0.5-0.8 cm. When using growth regulator HEFK resistance of crops to lodging varied from 4.7 till 5.0 points
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INFLUENCE OF BASIC PROCESSING AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON AGRIBIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF WINTER BARLEY
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article presents the results of studies on the influence of mineral fertilizers and basic tillage in the technology of cultivating winter barley on its agrophysical properties. Object of research - plants of winter barley cultivar called Rubezh. Soil - typical low-humus heavy-duty leached chernozems. In the experiment, the influence of two factors on the formation of the productivity of winter barley was studied. Factor A - the method of primary tillage: option 1 (A0) - dump plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm (control); option 2 (A1) - chisel for 20-22 cm; option 3 (A2) - disk peeling at 8-10 cm; option 4 (A3) - zero treatment (direct sowing). Factor (B) - fertilizer rate: option 1 (B0) - without fertilizing (control); option 2 (B1) - recommended norm N40P40 + N20; option 3 (B2) - double norm N60P60 + N40. According to the data of our experiments, the general orientation in the technology of cultivating winter barley has been revealed, during the entire growing season, the height of its plants decreases while the tension of its main processing decreases - from 89.6-90.3 cm for deep processing to 87.7 cm for surface processing and up to 73.7 cm at zero. Moreover, the type of tillage did not affect the stem of winter barley plants of the Rubezh variety. At the same time, on all tillage options, one can notice the dependence of the height and density of the stand on the dose of fertilizer application - from 80.6 cm in the control to 84.4 cm at the recommended dose of mineral fertilizers and up to 91.4 with a double. It was also noted in relation to the density of plant standing - from 335 pcs / m2 in the control to 358 pcs / m2 with the recommended dose of mineral fertilizers and up to 376 pcs / m2 with a double
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