06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
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ALGOLOGICAL MONITORING OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES OF MAIZE CROPS PRODUCTION
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article studies species composition and abundance of soil algae under hybrid Krasnodar 292 AMB cultivated with various technologies. 7 species of cyanobacteria and 11 soil algae were revealed. It was revealed that the highest total amount of algae was observed in variants of environmentally acceptable and intensive technology, which is associated with the positive effect of mineral fertilizers and the consequent application of organic matter on soil algal flora. However, in these variants a decrease was observed both in the number of species and in the abundance of green and yellow-green algae. The species Botrydiopsis arhiza Borzi was absent or found in insignificant amounts. The species composition was less diverse, which can be attributed to the negative effect of the herbicide used in these technologies. The method of tillage had practically no effect on green, yellow-green and diatoms. An increase in the intensity of soil cultivation had a significant negative effect on both the species composition and the number of cyanobacteria
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThese studies are devoted to determining the characteristics of changes in some physiological and biochemical parameters of sweet cherry plants that arise under the influence of the main damaging factor of the spring period - frost and associated with the resistance of the plant organism to the action of stressor. The studies were carried out in 2012 and adjacent 2018-2019 in the fruiting plantations of cherries of the Kuban zone located on horticultural soils: leached chernozem and alluvial meadow. We studied sweet cherry varieties of different resistance to frost. Samples for analysis were selected according to the background of naturally prevailing positive air temperatures. The plant material was frozen in the Binder climate chamber KB 53 for 4 hours at a temperature of 2.5 ± 0.2 ° C. According to the results of the experiment, sweet cherry plants that differ in early flowering are more susceptible to the temperature stressor in the spring in comparison with late flowering plant organisms. Meanwhile, the resistance of plants to frost depends not so much on the date of differentiation of the generative buds, but on the efficiency of the physiological and biochemical activation mechanisms under the influence of an unfavorable synthesis factor in the flowers of indolylacetic acid, which is responsible for the efficiency of the onset of fruit formation, and ultimately a more complete implementation potential productivity. An important indicator of the stability of a plant organism is the degree of change in the content of this phytohormone
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe problems of automated control of the technological processes of crop production and the tasks of supporting the adoption of managerial decisions at each stage of the production cycle have become even more urgent in view of the processes of transformation, globalization and digitalization of the economy, which have recently become widespread. The agricultural sector of the economy of the Russian Federation is no exception, because agricultural products, especially crop production, are of strategic importance and are the basis of food security in our country. In this scientific project, the problems of agricultural enterprises of the Krasnodar region, in particular, in the field of management processes, its information and software, were investigated. At this stage, it was determined that the measures taken to increase labor productivity at the agricultural enterprises of the Krasnodar region and the automation of technological processes in crop production were not complex, therefore, they had a slight effect on the efficiency of the industry. Studying the IT services and software market made it possible to draw a well-founded conclusion that decision-making support processes in crop management, especially issues related to the justified choice of crop cultivation technology, rationalization of a crop rotation system, analysis of a history book of crop rotation fields, calculation of dosages of organic fertilizers for a deficit-free balance of humus, are not covered by the funds of software systems offered on the market. As a result, the demand for industrial analytical systems and, in particular, integrated automation systems for managing crop production processes for agricultural enterprises is forming in the software market. Therefore, the development and implementation of a computer decision support system for managing crop production processes, based on mathematical models for analyzing and evaluating the economic efficiency of crop cultivation technologies, crop rotation rationalization models, data analysis models for crop rotation field history books, models of optimal selection of crop protection products plants and fertilizers has become very relevant. These studies can be considered priority and highly demanded, as they are directly related to one of the fundamental directions of the modern development of agricultural production - the study of the problems of development and implementation of an integrated automated information system for crop management. The article is devoted to the theoretical justification and feasibility of the practical implementation of the software module for accounting and analysis of data from the e-book of the history of crop rotation fields, which is part of the developed automated crop management information system
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents data from 3-year observations of the weather conditions influence on the effectiveness of applied fertilizers in the crops of the Yantar variety of coriander on leached black soil (chernozem) under the conditions of land use at the training and experimental station of the Stavropol State Agrarian University. The materials presented in the article indicate that the agrometeorological conditions of 2016 and 2017 as a whole were most favorable for the formation of a coriander crop. As studies have shown, the amount of precipitation during the spring-summer period of the growing season of the crop was 337 mm, which is 11% higher than the long-term average. The year 2018 in terms of climatic indicators turned out to be significantly worse than the previous two years, the amount of precipitation during the coriander vegetation period turned out to be 125 mm or 58% lower than the long-term average, which significantly affected the crop yield this year. In the most optimal agroclimatic indicators in 2016, the maximum increase in crop productivity was noted on the N60P60K60 variant - 0.49 t / ha, on the same option in moistened 2017, the increase level was 0.39 t / ha. Last year2018 was marked as extremely arid, the maximum increase in coriander yield was noted on the option with P60 and amounted to 0.35 t / ha. It was established that the maximum increase in the yield of coriander oil seeds on average in the experiment on leached chernozem was achieved with the options: P60 is 0.37 t / ha, N60P60 is 0.41 t / ha, N60P60K60 is 0.34 t / ha, which significantly higher than other fertilized experience options. The economic efficiency of the coriander seeds production, depending on the types and combinations of minerals, turned out to be most effective when applying a single mineral fertilizer, P60, compared with other options for experience, an increase in profit to 17500 rubles and the level of profitability of production by 23%
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article considers the types of functional stability of reproduction processes in industrial fruit growing. We have substantiated the necessity of developing methodological bases for ensuring and managing the stability of reproduction processes. Methodological bases for managing the stability of reproduction processes have been developed, taking into account the specifics of industrial fruit growing as a complex organized system, consisting of biological, technogenic and economic subsystems. We have also proposed an algorithm for ensuring and managing the sustainability of reproduction processes, which is the basis for the development of digital technologies for managing the sustainability and efficiency of industrial production. The work reveals and defines factors influencing the level of sustainability and efficiency of reproductive processes, the relationship and interaction between result indicators and factor variables; it identifies emerging imbalances in the organization of reproduction processes in industrial fruit growing. Using methods of mathematical statistics, we calculated an integral indicator of the functional stability of reproductive processes and gave its semantic interpretation. It was found that the structural elements of reproduction processes are inconsistent with the actual indicators that characterize functional stability, with the normative parameters. This trend makes it necessary to develop a mechanism for managing sustainability and tools for influencing functional zones in order to bring actual indicators to the standard level. When developing tools for sustainability management, the following were clarified: management methods, process goal setting, functional load of the management object, level of organization, various restrictions (criteria) related to the specifics of technological and economic relationships and mutual influences. We have developed a mechanism for ensuring and managing the functional stability of reproduction processes in industrial fruit growing by its types, including the following stages: automated database formation; cognitive analysis of the influence of factors on the functional areas of influence by types of stability; assessment of functional stability and justification of the integral indicator; filling in, compensating for missing information, generating information data; determining the optimal parameters of functional stability; developing regulators for leveling functional imbalances in the organization of reproduction processes that ensure effective and sustainable management of industrial production
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TO THE QUESTION OF INTENSIFICATION OF BEAN AND CEREAL GRASS MIXTURE DRYING UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the study of the structural and functional organization of cereal and legume-cereal seed with intensive use in order to develop a model of agrophytocenoses with productive longevity and feed quality. A set of techniques has been developed to optimize the basic conditions of existence of highly productive, natural vegetation and on this basis to use grass stands rationally, create highly productive agrophytocenoses, and also grow artificial agrophytocenoses instead of degraded ones, helps to eliminate the negative consequences of the unreasonable exploitation of vegetation cover, improve its condition, significantly increase productivity and qualitative composition of natural ecosystems
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THE INFLUENCE OF THE HEFK GROWTH REGULATOR ON THE CROP YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article studies the influence of the plant growth regulator of the retardant type called HEFK (AS 480 g/l of etephone) on the yield and structural elements of winter wheat of Moskovskaya 39 variety under the conditions of the OAO Veryakushi Agricultural Entreprise, located in the north-eastern part of Diveyevo region on gray forest medium loamy soil. Field studies were being carried out for three years: from 2016 to 2019. We studied different application rates of HEFK: 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0 l / ha. The processing of winter wheat crops was performed in the phase of the beginning of exit into the tube. On average, over 3 years, the indicators of field germination of seeds and the survival rate of plants at harvest were good and amounted to 88.4-89.2% and 80.1 - 81.3%, respectively. The processing crops by HEFK in doses of 0.5 and 1.0 l / ha, showed the highest crop yield of - 4.07 and 4.12 t / ha, which exceeded the control rate by 0.29 and 0.34 t / ha, respectively. The growth regulator did not showed a significant effect on the density of the productive stem. At the same time, the treatment of HEFK crops in doses of 0.5 and 1.0 l / ha showed an increase in the spike productivity by 0.121-0.133 g due to an increase in spike grains by 3 pcs. In the variant with a HEFK use rate of 1.0 l / ha, the weight of 1000 grains increased by 0.6 g compared to the control rate. An increase in the dose of the growth regulator significantly reduced the height of wheat plants from 72.1 cm in the control group to 48.0 cm in the variant with a product application rate of 2.0 l / ha. The spike length in the variants with the application rate of HEFK of 0.5 and 1.0 l / ha was at the control level - 7.0-7.1 cm, whereas an increase in the dose of the growth regulator to 1.5-2.0 l / ha showed the decrease in the length of the spike by 0.5-0.8 cm. When using growth regulator HEFK resistance of crops to lodging varied from 4.7 till 5.0 points
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article defines the importance of growing potatoes in the Bryansk region. We carried out spatio-temporal re-search of the condition of the industry and identified key shifts in its development over the past 10 years. The pro-portion and its shifts were showed as well. We calculated ranking of administrative areas for potato production in general and by individual categories of farms for the period from 2008 to 2018. It allowed us to find out rates of spatio-temporal movements. The analysis showed increase of concentration and differentiation of growing potatoes in the region
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PERSPECTIVE STRAWBERRY VARIETIES FOR INDUSTRIAL GROWING IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionWe have studied 17 strawberry varieties due to their economically valuable traits: the number of berries (pcs per plant), average fruit weight (g), biological yield (g per plant), firmness of fruit (g). Among the studied varieties is 6 - Honeoye, Alba, Belrubi, Asia, Nelli, Bogota are zoned varieties; 3 - Djeni, Elegia, Kemia is a new varieties of local selection and 8 an introduced varieties from the EU - Joly, Onda, Galia, Vivaldi, Rumba, Florence, Alina, Molling Opal. The purpose of the work is to identify the strawberry varieties which are promising for industrial production in the south of Russia among new strawberry varieties of local selection and introduced varieties. Based on two-factorial analysis of variance according to 2018-2019 studies there were revealed significant differences between the genotypes of varieties for all studied parameters. It is shown that the greatest differences in the variability of traits are observed by the “year” factor. The varieties were ranked according to the values of the smallest significant difference for each individual trait. In accordance with the results of the cluster analysis on a complex of traits we have identified strawberry varieties which are showing the prospect for industrial cultivation. In the new varieties of strawberries as Joly, Vivaldi and Rumba the values of yield and quality of berries are comparable to the best zoned varieties, such as Nelli, Asia and Bogota
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IMPROVING THE CHEMICAL METHOD OF CONTROLLING WEEDS ON SUNFLOWER
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionCurrently, there is no effective chemical protection of sunflower crops against dicotyledonous weeds during the growing season of the crop, except for systems that provide for the use of herbicides called Evro-Laiting, Zonator or Express. The disadvantage of these systems is the limited composition of cultivated sunflower hybrids and high costs. The article presents a research on the development of an effective system of chemical protection of sunflower crops against dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds during the growing season of the crop. The greatest effect in the suppression of weeds in sunflower crops was observed by application of the herbicides Goal 2E and Senator on the germination of crop. In these versions of the experiment, the highest seed yield and oil harvest are also noted. However, the use of the Zonator is limited only to drug-resistant sunflower hybrids. The use of the herbicide Goal 2E is possible on any varieties and hybrids of sunflower. Despite the damage to the first two real sunflower leaves when using the herbicide Goal 2E for vegetation, the plants are fully restored, which does not significantly affect the productivity of the crop. The proposed schemes for using herbicides can improve the technological and economic efficiency of controlling monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds in sunflower crops