№ 107(3), March, 2015
Public date: 31.03.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 114, 263 kb
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THE PRINCIPAL SCIENTIFIC AND GENERAL TENDENCIES OF COEVOLUTIONS IN DEVELOPING SYSTEMS
DescriptionIn the article we consider some main tendencies which are characteristic for development of modern natural sciences and for ontology and the theory of knowledge’s process. Features of synergetic as interdisciplinary scientific direction, the concept of a universal evolutionism, value of information in nature development are discussed. Methodological basis of the process of integration of scientific knowledge is the interdisciplinary direction of the research which important component is the synergetic. It plays an important role in the concept of coevolution realization which considers mutual relation of the person and the nature, the micro- and the mega-world. The article demonstrates that having revealed the laws of functioning of complexly evolutionizing, nonlinear systems, synergetic thus posed the fundamental questions of both epistemological and ideological and value nature. Conceptual shifts occurring in cognition open up the new sides in the interpretation of not just order and disorder but also the categories they generate. The author points out on the features of synergy, which using the linearity аnd nonlinearity in the theory expresses the aspects of material unity of the world, linked to the general properties of self-development of complex systems. The universe is seen as a dissipative system with periodically removable elements (elementary dissipative systems)
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SENIOR CADETS LEADERSHIP QUALITIES FORMATION PROGRAM AND METHODS OF PROGRAM REALIZATION
DescriptionModern society development makes higher demands to personality education and development. Formation of the comprehensive and harmoniously developed personality acts not only as the objective requirement, but also becomes the main goal (ideal) of modern education. Nowadays graduate of comprehensive school, lyceum, gymnasium or military school is the potential patriot, professional, and leader. The researches made allowed to state: formation of senior cadets leadership qualities is impossible without teachers assistance, and comprehensively thought over and purposeful program. The formation program of senior cadets’ leadership qualities is reasonably considered in this article as well as its pedagogical methods realization. Individual approach application features are discussed as one of the main principles of pedagogy in education of future leaders
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MICROELEMENTS IN SUNFLOWER CROPS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe obtained experimental data show that the incorporation of trace elements into the system of the sunflower crop has a positive impact on the mineral nutrition of plants, the number and quality of the crop. Foliar feeding of sunflower crops with micronutrients improves nutrition of plants with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, thus creating the preconditions for the formation of highly agrocenosis. The seed yield of sunflower increased by variants with application of micronutrients 1.2-3.5 t/ha or 4.4-12.9 percent. The greatest impact of treatment with boron and copper, exceeding the background option 3.1-3.5 t/ha or 11.5-12.9% respectively. The crop is least influenced by manganese and molybdenum. The examined elements positively influenced the structure of the sunflower crop. The greatest influence on the diameter of the basket, the number of seeds, weight of seeds in the basket, the weight of 1000 seeds was provided by the zinc and copper. Trace elements contributed to the improvement of quality indicators of sunflower. For husk content, the greatest positive effect was cobalt, zinc, manganese and copper, increasing the background option 10.1, 10.4, 10.5 and 10, and 6%, respectively, on the oil content of sunflower seeds had cobalt, copper and zinc. The oil content on these options amounted 55,0, with 55.1 and 55.2%, respectively, increasing this figure by 1.5 to 1.7 %. The acid number at variants with boron, manganese and zinc was the same with the background option and amounted to 1.8. The greatest influence on iodine number provided molybdenum, zinc and copper, which accounted for 170,5, 171,2 and 171,4, exceeding the background option 10.2 and 11.1
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PECTIN BEVERAGES WITH PROBIOTIC CHARACTERISTICS
DescriptionThe impact of pectins and its concentration on probiotic characteristics of the beverages has been studied for developing the formulation and technology of pectin beverages. Samples of sour-milk products with dry pectin (Unipectin OB 700) and liquid one (pectin apple extract is produced by SunLand) was made. Sour milk microorganisms and bifidobacteria content were defined. High sour milk microorganisms and bifidobacteria content as well as high rate in souring were revealed in the preparatory samples. However, liquid pectin is easier in use. Consequently, the formulation of pectin extract beverages was developed and optimized by using Mathematical Modeling. The samples of beverages were produced and their quality characteristics were evaluated. An optimal fruit/vegetable fillers / whey ration was defined to get the product which combined balanced micronutrient composition, its functional activities and gustatory qualities. For that a three-factor simplex-centroid design was used. The samples produced according to the design matrix were tasted and evaluated by color, flavor, aroma and consistency according to the ten score points scale. The findings were processed with statistical and graphical analysis. The last one used the construction of ternary graphs with the help of «Statistica 7,0» program that allowed to define the most acceptable ranges of fruit/vegetable fillers / whey components in the beverages: fruit juice – 4-16%; pumpkin juice-4-16%; whey -4%. Chemical composition, organoleptical indicators and physicochemical parameters of ready-to drink beverages were examined. As a result, these beverages have been recommended for school feeding as the source of dietary fiber, minerals and vitamins
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STUDY OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS PERFORMANCE IN FRICTION CONDITIONS WITH ICE AND SNOW
DescriptionThe problem of identifying of the most promising polymer materials for sledge sliding application. The comparison of materials is given: the bench tests of polyethylene, fluoroplast, steel and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with different molecular weight and their composites are carried out. On the basis of research of polymeric samples on ice and snow friction in exploiting condition with the use of specially designed sledges was shown that GUR 4150 UHMWPE has the lowest mass volume and linear wear. Also in article the results of research of ice adhesion to different materials are presented. Adhesion research was carried out in low temperature conditions of air from -21oC up to -46oC and in cryocamera according method which was patented by Institute of oil and gas problems of SB RAS. The research showed that GUR 4150 UHMWPE has the lowest adhesion to ice. On the basis of obtained data the authors assumed that GUR 4150 is the most perspective materials for development of sledge sliding exploiting in Arctic conditions.
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SYSTEMS AND SOCIOCULTURAL APPROACHES TO THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE
DescriptionThe article shows the distinctive features of biological and cognitive approaches to the study of the origin and evolution of language. Their advantages in understanding and explaining of the individual foundations of language faculty are considered. The study shows that these approaches do not take into account the socio-cultural and supra-individual nature of language and its close evolutionary and functional relation with communication in nature and society. The paper argues that the aim of many researchers to find specific genes of language or special cognitive linguistic ‘modules’ are achievable only in part due to systems and social nature of language, which cannot be reduced to any individual innate or acquired abilities. Nevertheless, biological and cognitive foundations should not be excluded from the system analysis of the language and have to be studied in their integrity with other sign systems (mathematic, expressive means of art, writing system, non-verbal communication, etc.). The article also discusses new insights into the theory of evolution and their applicability to the study of the origin and development of language (in particular, the problem of gradualistic/abrupt emergence of language). It is argued that the question of the "abrupt", "punctuated" evolution of language cannot be "Darwin's problem", as a number of modern scholars believe. As an alternative to the evolution of language on the basis of "macromutations" it is offered the concept of socio-cultural evolution model based on an understanding of language as a supra-individual, sociocultural sign system that develops due to the cumulative nature of culture and plasticity of individual development
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BULGARIANS IN THE TERRITORY OF THE KUBAN COSSACKS IN THE LATE OF XVIII - THE EARLY OF XX CENTURIES
DescriptionThe study of the Russian-Slavic cultural, political and economic links is quite actual nowadays. At the turn of 18 – 20 centuries Russia was the only independent Slavic state that was a reason of special attention of foreign countries. The most intensive contacts in Slavic world can be found on a regional level. Both pre-revolutional and modern scientists actively explore such aspects as resettlement of Bulgarians to the Kuban, places of their compact location, main activities and further destiny of its members. There is a detailed specification of colonization of Bulagarian landowners from 18 until the beginning of 20 century in the article, based on the archive documents. Also described moments of first appearing of Bulgarians on the Russian territory and particularly in the Kuban. The article is focused on the main stages of economic familiarization and adaptation of settlers to the natural and social features of new locations. The conditions and forms of vital activities in labor, lifestyle, sociopolitical and cultural life that are typical for their social relations are marked in the article. There is also noted that main occupation of Bulgarian settlers was horticulture, where they achieved greatest successes thanks to mastery of artificial irrigation using a special mechanism for that (a big wheel with attached vessels); Hothouse economy, that allowed them to produce thermophilic crops; organization of teams, that assumed collective labor, labor relations and mutual support. To sum up, Bulgarian settlers harmoniously fitted into socio-cultural area of the Kuban region
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DETERMINATION OF INVESTMENT APPEAL OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE
DescriptionRussian industry is almost completely exhausted the potential for extensive growth model. Due to this background, the increasing the importance of improving the efficiency of the companies in the industry, which by definition involves the need to increase investment activity in the industrial business becomes very important. The problem arises due to identifying the elements of investment attractiveness for further exposure to the companies in the sector and attracting investment capital. This article is devoted directly to the issues of determining factors of investment attractiveness of an industrial company. The emphasis in the article has been made on the allocation of domestic and foreign investment attractiveness, each of which is formed by a number of aspects. Also, it has identified and characterized the key elements that make up the internal and external investment attractiveness. Thus, the investment attractiveness of the internal environment of an industrial company is represented as a top-management, quality of personnel, quality of business processes, the quality of sales and quality of the financial system. Investment attractiveness of the environment can be formed by conjuncture target markets, the availability of capital, public policy, competition, barriers to entry, innovative pressure locally limited preferential treatment. The article also gives a brief description of how each of the elements mentioned above influence the integrated investment attractiveness
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Description
The most important physical properties that characterize the substance are density and saturated vapor pressure (SVP). These parameters are required for the development of new technical processes in the petroleum and chemical industries, design of pipelines, pumping and fuel equipment, etc. Existing methods for calculating of density near and on the saturation lines are imperfect, and finding of the analytic dependence of SVP of petroleum products from all defining parameters associated with great difficulties. The purpose of present work is an experimental research and development of methods for calculating the density (specific volume) near and on saturation lines, and saturated vapor pressure of gasoline straight-run fraction derived from petroleums from three fields: Mangyshlaksky, Trinity-Anastasevsky and West Siberian. The choice of objects for research is due to the necessity of creating methods for calculating of density and SVP of oils obtained from various hydrocarbon group composition petroleums. Area of state parameters in the present work by temperature (20 ÷ 320°C) and pressure (0,03 ÷ 30 MPa) provides the ability to research gasoline fractions to supercritical regions. Measurement of density and SVP of petroleum fractions performed with help of a specially created for this purpose experimental installation
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Description
The constitutional regulations of all countries guarantee their citizens the right to education. In the Republic of South Ossetia during last years we observed a process of modernization of the state. In particular, the legislation on education directed on guaranteeing the right of citizens for education has been developing. The state defined the main directions of a development of education, material and personnel resources, and also the problems in this sphere were revealed. One of key problems is insufficiency of financing of an education system which doesn't allow guaranteeing the right for education at the necessary level. The availability of educational institutions for students is essential to guarantee the right to education. Modern states establish minimum standards for primary, secondary and higher education. Thus, primary education must be universal, compulsory and free, and in case of its absence, elementary education should be encouraged or intensified. In the secondary, including vocational, education guaranteed openness and accessibility for all, including through "progressive introduction of free education". In the Russian Federation, the availability of educational institutions for students was solved comprehensively, but mainly due to the municipal reform, according to which the territory is rural and urban settlements were formed taking into account walking distance from the administrative center. The author proposes to consider similar experience for South Ossetia