№ 115(1), January, 2016
Public date: 27.01.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 86, 182 kb
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PHYTO-SANITARY CONDITION OF CROPS OF WINTER BARLEY WHEN GROWING USING DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the biennial data on infestation of winter barley infected with his disease and pests, depending on fertilizer rates, the main method of tillage and plant protection. Weeds are one of the most highly potent factors that reduce the productivity of plants. System of agronomic plant cannot increase the productivity of plants, if it contributes to impurity of crops. In the studied years, the most common weeds at the recommended tillage were dead nettle, cleavers, chickweed, field bindweed. At zero processing - foxtail, poppy, wild oats, Leptospermum, dead nettle, veronica. The use of biological and chemical plant protection products reduced the degree of expansion and development of disease
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THE COST AND LOSS FUNCTION IN THE RESEARCH OF MULTIPURPOSE ASSEMBLIES
DescriptionUsing the example of three multipurpose assemblies (MPA) we have presented the possibility of the cost and loss function appliance for the substantiation of the design and operating parameters as the criterion of optimization. The mentioned objective function of mathematical model is the sum of expenses on the performance of the scheduled amount of automated tasks and the cost of the crop loss related to the failure of meeting deadlines. It is common knowledge that the longer the execution of work lasts (e.g. crop harvesting), the more value it loses. The extremum of the cost and loss function is the minimum of the sum of expenses and the cost of losses which sets the optimal parameters, the mode of the MPA functioning and the work duration. The cost of inputs for the work performance within the objective function includes operating costs of the MPA for the scheduled amounts of work. With the increase of the duration of these works the expenses decrease, however, the cost of losses grows. The sum of the costs of inputs and losses has the extremum that sets the solution optimality. The cost of crop losses depends on the purchase price for the harvested crops and the crop losses intensity for each day of harvesting which we have already developed significant dependencies for. We have suggested the control flow charts for optimizing the MPA parameters and their functioning modes, we have evolved the notion of the objective function and the method of its calculation for different sets of assemblies. Through the example of the multipurpose complex assembly for stubble soil cultivation and simultaneous green manure dropping, we have analyzed the results of the task solution using the cost and loss function which is an effective method of the parameter optimization and the functioning modes of various machine assemblies and facilitates the choice of alternative options
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SELECTION OF NEW SELF-POLLINATED CORN LINES FOR BREEDING OF EARLY MATURING HYBRIDS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article covers the stages of evaluation and selection of new self-pollinated corn lines. The results of testing of new lines and test crosses were reflected. Comparative analysis of yield of the best test crosses was presented. General and specific combining ability of new lines was calculated. The opportunities of further usage of new lines in breeding programs and early maturing hybrids including these lines are considering. The researches were conducted on the field of the institution, following the course of scientific researches of department of selection and seed management of corn, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Organization Krasnodar Lukyanenko Research Institution of Agriculture
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Description
There was given the definition and there were cited the criteria of food safety of the country. There was substantiated the necessity of ecological-landscape organization of the territories of agricultural organizations with the aim of decision of food safety. There were cited the peculiarities of land as a natural object and the object of land relations. There was cited the qualitative condition of agricultural areas of the Krasnodar region – the susceptibility to erosion, the content of humus, indicators of nutrient balance in soil. There were identified the environmental problems in the use of agricultural lands in agricultural production. It is concluded that the existing zonal systems of agricultural management do not take into account the full landscape diversity in the region. Using GIS-technologies there were determined the boundaries of five landscapes of the Krasnodar region and agricultural areas on types and degrees of erosion process manifestation. There was given the characteristics of natural-climatic, soil and ecological peculiarities of steppe plain landscapes with ploughed steppes. There was substantiated the system of ecological-economic indexes of assessment of landscape systems of land management. There was determined the percentage ratio of areas as cropland: forest: meadow within the boundaries of the natural landscapes. There were calculated the main indexes of ecological assessment of flat plain landscapes with ploughed steppes. There were formulated the tasks of ecological-landscape organization of the territory of agricultural enterprises. On the state level there were substantiated the offers on increase of effectiveness of use of agricultural areas in agrarian production
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EFFECTIVE EVALUATION OF THE INTERNAL CONTROL AND AUDIT
DescriptionThis article is an attempt to improve the work on the organization of the audit of the effectiveness of the internal control of business processes of economic agents of the market, has been successfully tested in practice, internal audit of a number of agricultural holdings of the Krasnodar region. The results of these internal audits, organized in accordance with the procedure provided, can provide substantial assistance in the construction management personnel of the sound system of internal control
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Description
The article describes the approach to drawing up a project plan using the method of case law and the problem of forecasting the flow of new tasks
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MODIFYING V-14 RUBBER WITH CARBON FIBERS
DescriptionThe influence of carbon fibers and modified carbon fibers on properties of industrially produced V-14 rubber is examined. The dependences of physical and mechanical properties, hardness, abrasion resistance and resistance in aggressive environment on few amount of filled fiber are established. Structural properties of reinforced elastomeric composites are studied by scanning electron microscopy. Elastomeric layer on the surface of modified carbon fiber, confirmed with high adhesion is identified
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Description
The article examines the historical conditions and the legal regulation of the Crimean Khanate territory joining to the Russian Empire in 1783 and formation of Taurian District as a new specific administrative and territorial unit. Specific characteristics of Taurian District are highlighted, as well as tasks that region faced due to its geographical position and constant wars between Russian empire and Ottoman Porte. Attention is paid to the factors that led to the creation of the district but not the viceroyalty, in contrast to other areas joined in the same time. The different examples of understanding of the term "distrist" – "oblast" – in science and language are given. The author clarifies certain features of the district, which were not taken into account in deriving the scientific definition of the district by Dambaeva O.P. Decrees and their background issued by the legislator are characterized. The problems of an administrative nature encountered by the legislator in the face of Empress Catherine II and her representative governor Grigory Potemkin-Tavricheski, and then by Platon Zubov are highlighted. Among these problems there were emphasized the transfer of ownership of the Tatars property who left the territory, as well as the creation of an accurate map of newly joined territory
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THE IDENTITY OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION AS THE SUPREME DESTINATION OF THEIR BECOMING
DescriptionThe article solves a problem of correlation of different forms of cognition such as philosophy and religion in the ontological process, which is refers as a dialectical unity of the becoming of being and thinking. The definition of the logical form of the individual stages of cognition appears possible only in case that they are the special forms of determination of the universal form of being, which for them is a universal content. The special definition of the universal form of being through certain forms of cognition is a logical necessity ontological process. Its subdividing into three stages is mediated by exact historical incarnation of three logical forms, which in the sphere of cognition correspond: art/myth; religion/science; philosophy. On the basis of the identity of the content of philosophy and religion, which is the universal form of being, it is argued that their identity is at the last stage of the becoming of culture is the result of realization of this form in the idea of concrete identity. Its concrete manifestation in all aspects of being and thinking completes itself an ontological process, turning it into the system, which is infinitely determined by the logical form. The idea of concrete identity, which is the ideal purpose and actual result of a becoming of being, leaving nothing in it abstract and indeterminate, fully expresses itself in ideal by the form, the universal notion. Since in the notion of the subject and object, thinking and being, the spirit and the nature they completely coincide, then the universal notion is a concrete manifestation of the universal subject – the absolute person, eternally united in all their attributes. The concept of the idea of concrete identity, arising not only in philosophy, but also in religion – in an image of the absolute person, by means of their associations at the highest stage of development, reaches the limit point of its definition
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THE FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE STATE REGULATION OF SMALL RURAL FARMING
DescriptionThe features of the process of functioning, development and regulation of agricultural growth of small agrarian farming forms (SAFF) with the participation of the state are discussed. It is noted that systematization of features of small agricultural farms plays a big role in the increasing of economic efficiency and state regulation. It is said that in certain circumstances, the same features can have both positive and negative, problematic impact, so the authors conducted their separate classification. They consider a great influence of SAFF on local development, rural employment, tax and social preferences, opportunities of cooperation, low costs and risks to create new jobs, informal management, combining the functions of manager and owner in one person, a high sensitivity to government regulation, protection of the population from the local monopoly of employers, selfdevelopment, responsibility, self-defense from external factors, and others to be positive. But SAFF work in the environment of perfect competition in the absence of market power, low, often only declared security, an underdeveloped industrial infrastructure of small farms, a high probability of unauthorized interference from shadow entities, supervisory bodies, local bureaucracy, institutional limitations in the access to information, counseling material and financial resources, low mobility, small size of economy, high dependence on local conditions, capacity of local raw material and consumer market, limited distribution channels, permanent market volatility, distrust of the practice of production and consumer cooperatives, the scarcity of capital, problematic accessibility to financial instruments, the high cost of credit, low legitimacy, the credibility of the decisions of the local bureaucracy is considered to be negative