№ 129(5), May, 2017
Public date: 31.05.2017
Archive of journal: Articles count 97, 240 kb
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ANALYSIS OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS WITH NONLINEAR APPROXIMATION CONTROL LAW
DescriptionThe subject of research of this work was the study of the quality of control processes in a nonlinear automatic control system with an approximating the control law. In the known published works there are no results of such studies, which makes it difficult to synthesis a nonlinear control system for multimode objects in applied biotechnology, including technological objects of the agro-industrial complex. A comparative analysis of the quality of regulation in the transient and steady-state regimes is carried out. It is shown that the approximation method used for the synthesis of the nonlinear control law provides a linear dependencies in steady-state and close to them modes in combination with relay modes in transient regimes, which is a positive factor for improving the quality of regulation in multimode control systems. It does not necessary to determine the moments of switching the dependencies in the control law when changing modes
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Description
The article presents the main directions of the application of the scree plot method in solving metrological problems in the social and humanitarian fields of knowledge (economics, pedagogy, sociology, including sciencemetry). It is known that statistical measurements in socio-economic systems are inextricably linked with the processing of primary homogeneous monitoring information. It is also known that empirical averaging (computation of the empirical mean), as the dominant method of mathematical statistics, is becoming a thing of the past, due to moral aging, inconsistency with modern requirements (primarily to measurement results in socio-economic systems); In science meteorology, this method was replaced by the scree plot method (the Hirsch index and other scientometric indicators are estimated on the basis of this method). Despite its enormous potential, the scree plot method, as an alternative to traditional methods of mathematical statistics, is very poorly used in the social and humanitarian fields of knowledge. The authors of this article have shown that this method can be successfully applied in solving various metrological tasks, not only in science (sciencemetry is a branch of science), but also in economics, pedagogy and sociology. In addition, the authors show modifications of the scree plot method, using the example of measuring (measuring) indicators in the economy, sociology and pedagogy; The relationship between the scree plot method and the theory of latent variables (qualimetry) and database technology is grounded. The authors also substantiate that the scree plot method - the basis for the formation of monitoring indicators that adequately reflect the performance of socio-economic systems. The practical significance of the results of this study is that they can be used in socio-economic and psychological-pedagogical monitoring systems (according to modern views, monitoring is an information management mechanism). Methodological basis of the research: system, sociological, competence, probabilitystatistical and qualimetric approaches (leading methodological basis is the probabilistic-statistical approach). Research methods: modeling; Methods of graph theory, sets and relations; Systemic-cognitive analysis; Methods of qualimetry (the theory of latent variables); Methods of mathematical statistics
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Description
The article gives the description and the algorithm of the simulation model SMDS "Potok" 1.0, designed to calculate the parameters of distribution and sedimentation of technological alluviums in watercourses. The relevance of the simulation model is due to the need to determine the integral indicators (the volume of water flowing through the areas of the plume with a predetermined suspension concentration, the average layer of the silt, the specific density of the bottom silt in the calculated zone) when calculating the harm to water biological resources from the implementation of various economic activities in accordance with the methodology of calculation of damage caused to water biological resources approved by the order of the Federal Agency for Fisheries No. 1166 of 25.11.2011. Usage of the simulation model of SMDS "Potok" 1.0 will increase the reliability of calculations in determining the damage to water biological resources, as well as bring the calculations of parameters of distribution and sedimentation of technological alluviums in watercourses in accordance with the current regulatory legal acts of the Federal Agency for Fisheries
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BIOLOGY OF SEED GERMINATION OF SOME SPECIES OF FAM. ROSACEAE JUSS
DescriptionWe have studied the germination and the nature of germination of seeds of 20 species of FAM. Rosaceae. A wide range of germination characterizes their seeds: rapid, slow, with very poor or no germination. Laboratory germination of seeds stored at room temperature for 6-7 months have 80-100% - 8 species, 66-77% - 3, 1-9% - 4 species and 5 species did not germinate at room temperature, they need special conditions for germination
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
THE NUMBER OF LINEARLY ORDERABLE BINARY RELATIONS ON A FINITE SET
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionPartially ordered set is a basic concept of modern settheoretic mathematics. The problem of linear set ordering with given binary relations is well-known. Every partial order over a finite set can be linearly ordered, but not every binary relation over this set can be linearly ordered as well. Up to now, there is no known formula for calculating the number of partial orders over a given finite set. It appears that there is a formula for calculating linearly ordered binary relations over a finite set. This article is concerned with derivation of this formula. The fact from work of G.N. Titov [9] that a binary relation over a finite set is linearly ordered if and only if any diagonal block, derived from the binary relation matrix as a result of setting main diagonal elements to zero, contains at least one zero row (diagonal block of matrix means any matrix composed of elements at the crossings of rows and columns of a given matrix with the same numbers), plays a key role in process of corroboration. The main conclusion of the article is a theorem that allows to find the number of linearly ordered binary relations over a set of n elements using the formula. A recurrence formula for the number of linearly ordered (irreflexive) binary relations over a finite set of n elements, provided in the lemma, was derived as well
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionIn this article, we have proposed a forecast of labor resources by sectors of the labor market of the Russian Federation until 2018 inclusive. The probabilistic parameters of the dynamics of labor resources were calculated using the considered model (articles [1-4]). Further, these probabilities were used to estimate and parameterize the trends of employed and unemployed (with a known last place of employment) specialists in each industry. For each sector of the Russian economy, the type of trend that best approximates the long-term (more than three years) dynamics of labor resources in this sector was selected. It is shown that the forecast error for 1 year is less than 1% using the selected trend models. Further, identified long-term trends were used in forecasting. Based on the results of the forecast of the number of people employed in the sectors of the Russian economy, the sectors were divided into two groups. The first group contains sectors with a significant change in the number of employed in. The second group contains sectors, changes in employed in which were insignificant. At the end of the article, an example of an analysis of two sectors from the first group is given. Causes of changes in the dynamics of labor resources in the researched sectors of the economy were identified. Ones of the main sectors of the economy were considered in this example: "Manufacturing industries" and "Financial activities, real estate transactions, leasing and provision of services"
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SIMULATION OF PLASMOID AND STRAIMERS IN CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENT
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionIn this work, a model is developed that describes the formation of a plasmoid and streamers in a conducting medium. To describe the contribution of the conductivity currents, we modified the standard electrostatic equation taking into account the vortex component of the electric field. As a result of this generalization, the streamer model is formulated in the form of a system of parabolictype nonlinear equations. As is known, in laboratories it is possible to create a plasmoid with a lifetime of 300- 500 ms and a diameter of 10-20 cm, which is interpreted as a ball lightning. With high-speed photography, a complex structure is detected, consisting of a plasmoid and surrounding streamers. Within the framework of the proposed model, problems are posed about the formation of a plasmoid and the propagation of streamers in an external electric field. In this model, the plasmoid is considered to be a long-lived streamer. The range of parameters in which a plasmoid of spherical shape is formed is indicated. It is established that there are three streamer branching mechanisms. The first mechanism is related to the instability of the front, which leads to the separation of the head of the streamer into two parts. The second mechanism is associated with the instability of the streamer in the base region, which leads to the branching of the streamer with the formation of a large number of lateral streamers closing the main channel of the streamer to the cathode. In numerical experiments, the third branching mechanism observed in experiments connected with the branching of the plasmoid in the cathode region with the closure of the space charge to the anode through the streamer system was observed. The similarity of ball lightning and plasmoid is discussed. If this similarity is confirmed, then the number of theoretical hypotheses concerning the nature of ball lightning, currently more than 200, can be drastically reduced to one described in this article