№ 158(4), April, 2020
Public date: 30.04.2020
Archive of journal: Articles count 21, 65 kb
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Description
An important factor in improving the efficiency of production in the agro-industrial sector is to improve the quality of poultry products and their processing. The article presents the dynamics of the influence of stimulating drugs on the productive qualities of the black African ostrich. The reserves of increasing the production of eggs of black African ostriches and its quality due to the use of stimulating drugs were revealed. The effect of the use of the drug called "Radostin Vitasil" on the chemical composition of eggs, egg production of black African ostriches is shown. The obtained research results convincingly prove that the mass of ostrich eggs of the experimental groups significantly exceeded the control by 5.45 and 3.11%, respectively. Changes in the mass of white and yolk of the egg of ostriches of experimental groups as a result of feeding the drug "Radostin Vitasil" affected the ratio of white/yolk, which slightly decreased towards the optimal. There was a significant difference in the content of carotenoids and vitamin A in the egg yolk of the I experimental group by 10.98% and 10.05%, in the II experimental group-9.15% and 6.35%, in comparison with similar indicators in the control group, respectively. There was an excess of vitamin E level in the eggs of the experimental groups in relation to the control by 6.73 and 3.42%. The results of incubation showed that the stimulating drug "Radostin Vitasil" had a positive effect on the process of embryonic development. The calculated economic efficiency of the drug "Radostin Vitasil" confirmed the feasibility of using this drug in the production of black African ostriches eggs
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06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article discusses the method of selection using markers in the selection of parent pairs for hybridization, in the selection process and in the subsequent evaluation of parent lines, used in linear and backcross selection of tomatoes. The work was performed on tomato hybrids that combine resistance genes to tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) or tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in their genome. The research used seeds of foreign F1 tomato hybrids recommended by the manufacturer as resistant to the tobacco mosaic virus. Most of the tomato hybrids were Dutch selection, such leading firms as De Ruiter Seeds, Enza Zaden, Rijk Zwaan. The aim of the work was to test a system of hybridization probes designed to identify a gene for resistance to the tobacco mosaic virus. The study of the genotype of tomato plants was carried out in the laboratory of molecular diagnostics of plants , equipped with modern devices for PCR analysis on the basis of NIIOZG (Krymsk). Plant material was collected in different phases of plant vegetation. pre-numbered 1.5 ml test tubes (SSI-1200-00), plastic tablets, tweezers, and distilled water were used to collect plant samples. The collected samples were stored in a refrigerator until the plant DNA was isolated. During the study, collectible tomato samples were studied, including 8 F1 hybrids and 2 lines used as controls. According to the results of genetic analysis using the marker of the TMV resistance gene, it was found that all hybrids and one control line # 175/14 have a resistance gene in their genotype, and the analysis also showed the state of the gene – homozygous or heterozygous. The results of artificial infection confirmed the results obtained by PCR analysis. At the same time, using genetic research, it is possible to determine the exact state of the gene in the plant, which cannot be determined by methods of artificial infection, since no visual differences were found between plants with a heterozygous and homozygous state of the gene. The created marker and PCR analysis method can be recommended for wide application in the selection process of tomato culture. As a result of research, it was found that modern tomato hybrids have a gene for resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in their genotype. This was determined by genetic analysis and confirmed by a test using artificial infection
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05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionThe article considers a kinematic analysis of the leaves distribution mechanism in the device for placing the tobacco leaves into container using analytic method. These researches allow defining optimal geometric parameters of this device theoretically
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EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTING EQUIPMENT FOR TOBACCO GREEN LEAF PROCESSING
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionEfficiency of tobacco green leaf processing can be increased by utilizing innovative equipment and technology improving. As a part of research and postgraduate work technology and equipment for tobacco green leaf processing were elaborated. Elaborated equipment consists of set of devices for preparing tobacco leaves for drying, drying and packaging of dry tobacco. Basic element of the equipment is double-sided needle, designed for threading the tobacco leaves and their further curing directly on the needle. The set of devices is patented and has passed experimental testing. This equipment is implemented in scientific and economic activity of the institute. Testing the equipment for large quantities of tobacco has proved the efficiency of new technology for preparing and curing the tobacco leaves and confirmed the validity of technical solutions and characteristics of manufactured equipment. It is determined that 50 devices for double-sided needle arrangement are sufficient per 1 ha of tobacco field. Leaf mass per one double-sided needle can reach 3 – 4.5 kg, depending on weather conditions. Carried experiments have proved the necessity of cutting the upper part of the petioles when placing long stemmed tobacco sorts and periodic distribution of leaves on the needle during the curing. Performing these operations led to obtaining the cured tobacco of high quality. Results of the semi-industrial experiments have proved the efficiency of elaborated technology. Utilizing of innovative equipment is recommended for industrial production of dried tobacco
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EVALUATION OF THE SOURCE MATERIAL TO CREATE HETEROTIC HYBRIDS OF TOMATO FOR PLASTIC FOIL HOUSES
06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe creation of breeding material with desired properties is a principal problem, the successful solution of which is now possible with the introduction of genetic engineering technology. We have carried out an evaluation of the source material on its basis to identify samples suitable for creating heterotic hybrids with a set of economically valuable traits, including resistance to the tomato leaf curl virus (TYLCV)
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JUSTIFICATION OF THE RIGIDITY OF COMPOSITE BARS OF A POTATO HARVESTER ELEVATOR
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionHigh-strength steels are used to increase the reliability of potato harvesters. With the advent of new materials and new technologies in agricultural engineering, it is possible to significantly reduce the mass of working bodies, to reduce energy costs. The elastic system of the composite elevator bar, unbalanced by the impact of the component of the potato heap, is in oscillatory motion. An increase in the height of the fall, and hence the speed of collision with the bar of the component of the potato heap, determines the amount of deflection of the composite bar. During vibrations, in addition to static deformations, dynamic ones are added, depending on the magnitude of the impact force. It was established that a bar made of composite material should have the following parameters: elastic modulus E = 55000 MPa; the diameter of the composite bar d = 0,012 m
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THE STUDY OF PLANT PARTS EXTRACTING BY THE WORKING BODIES OF THE KKS-1M POTATO HARVESTER
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionPotatoes are cultivated in all parts of the world. In 2019, the Russian Federation ranked third in potato production. Ryazan region has favorable climatic conditions for potato growing. The growth in potato production is constrained by the insufficient provision of small and medium-sized farms with harvesting equipment and storage facilities. For working in small areas and in difficult conditions, simple machines are in demand: potato diggers and single-row potato harvesters. “Gala” variety potatoes are grown using intensive technology in the experimental field of the agrotechnological station of Ryazan State Agrotechnological University. In September 2019, there was a study of the effect of plant parts on the performance indicators of the technological process with a single-row KKS-1M potato harvester with a combined plant-top-removing device. The device consists of top-directing fingers, a top-removing roller and a counter-current finger-type separator. The studies are based on standard and private test methods. The harvester was tested on dark gray forest soils of heavy loamy composition, with a moisture content of 19-21%. Plots were prepared for testing: one with uncleaned tops, one with tops previously removed by BD-4 haulm shredder and one with manually removed tops. In the course of research, a change in the direction of potato stems during the movement of the heap along the working bodies of the potato harvester was determined. It was found that the stems change their direction from transverse to longitudinal. It was established that a combined PLANT-TOP-REMOVING device removes from 75.8% to 88.2% of plant impurities entering the harvester. Studies confirmed the efficiency of KKS-1M combine when harvesting potatoes. According to the generalized results, the loss of tubers was 1.5-4.7%, their damage was 1.7-4.39% and the purity of the tubers in the bunker was 70.3-84.7%. Studies confirmed that the harvesting technology significantly affects the performance of a potato harvester. In severe conditions, pre-harvesting row-spacing loosening can be recommended and the haulm shredder is set to a cutting height of at least 150-180 mm
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PRICING METHOD BASED ON THE ESTIMATION OF DEMAND FUNCTION
08.00.13 Mathematical and instrumental methods of Economics
DescriptionWhen solving some problems of economics and management at an enterprise, it becomes necessary to determine the retail price of a product or service at a known wholesale price or producer price. We offer to determine the retail price based on an analysis of a survey of potential consumers about the maximum possible price for the product or service in question. We calculate the retail price on the basis of optimizing the economic effect equal to the product of the result from the sale of one unit of goods by the demand function, which we estimate by interviewing consumers. To solve the optimization problem, we approximate the demand function using the least squares method. As examples, the linear and power models of the demand function are analyzed. Ways of further development of the proposed approach are discussed. Unresolved scientific problems are formulated. Methods for estimating the demand function in the context of a large number of repetitions of respondents and their tendency to “round numbers” require further elaboration, as a result of which the Kolmogorov criterion cannot be used to determine the accuracy of the restoration of the demand function. Various parametric and non-parametric approaches of regression analysis should be adapted to the problem of restoring the dependence of demand on price, as well as methods for solving the corresponding optimization problems
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CORRECTION OF DYSBIOTIC DISORDERS IN BEES BY USING PROBIOTIC MEDICATIONS
DescriptionThis article provides an overview of the need of the use of probiotic supplements and medications in the diets of insects, in particular bees and their families. We present a list of both Russian and foreign probiotics and their complexes, which are used in beekeeping for the treatment and prevention of various diseases, are shown. Their effectiveness is shown not only for the prevention and treatment of microbial disorders in the gastrointestinal tract of bees due to the manifestation of antagonistic properties in relation to opportunistic and pathogenic microflora, but also the possibility of their use as tools that can increase the immune status, the safety of bee families, and life expectancy. The article shows data on the positive effect of probiotics on the physiological and biochemical parameters of honeybees, activation of metabolic processes in the formation of a fat body, growth of strength and weight of larvae, development of pharyngeal glands, etc.
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THE RATIONALE FOR THE USE OF COMBINED UNITS IN THE CULTIVATION OF WINTER WHEAT
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionIssues related to the use of combined aggregates in soil preparation are relevant and of scientific and practical interest. The relevance is increased when it comes to the cultivation of the main crop – winter wheat. In this regard, the presented results on the efficiency of using combined aggregates in preparing soil for winter crops are important primarily from a practical point of view. Experimental studies were conducted in the conditions of long-term stationary experience in the Federal state budgetary institution «Agrarian Science Center «Donskoy», Zernograd, Rostov region. The article considers the efficiency of using the combined unit APK-4, developed in "SKNIIMESH" now Federal state research institution of the «Agrarian Science Center «Donskoy» in the cultivation of winter wheat. The structural and technological scheme of a combined unit, the technological process of which consists of several technological operations performed at the same time, is justified. Disk working bodies crush plant residues and destroy weeds. This creates a network of cracks in the underlying soil horizons. Next, there are flat-cutting working bodies that loosen the soil to a set depth. The root system of weeds is pruned, the remaining loosened soil layer is loosened to the required depth, the formation of a smooth bottom of the "furrow", and the separation of erosive soil particles to the bottom of the furrow. Next, the roller starts working – a lump-crushing sealer, which provides crushing of soil lumps on the surface and sub-compaction of the treated layer. The last in the technological chain is a mulching roller, which provides the formation of a compacted seedbed for seeds with simultaneous mulching of the compacted soil layer. The use of the combined unit in the technology of winter wheat cultivation allowed to reduce the number of technological operations by 1,5-2,5 times, increase the productivity of winter wheat by 11-13% and the cost of production by 10,4-18,3 %