№ 158(4), April, 2020
Public date: 30.04.2020
Archive of journal: Articles count 21, 65 kb
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THE RATIONALE FOR THE USE OF COMBINED UNITS IN THE CULTIVATION OF WINTER WHEAT
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionIssues related to the use of combined aggregates in soil preparation are relevant and of scientific and practical interest. The relevance is increased when it comes to the cultivation of the main crop – winter wheat. In this regard, the presented results on the efficiency of using combined aggregates in preparing soil for winter crops are important primarily from a practical point of view. Experimental studies were conducted in the conditions of long-term stationary experience in the Federal state budgetary institution «Agrarian Science Center «Donskoy», Zernograd, Rostov region. The article considers the efficiency of using the combined unit APK-4, developed in "SKNIIMESH" now Federal state research institution of the «Agrarian Science Center «Donskoy» in the cultivation of winter wheat. The structural and technological scheme of a combined unit, the technological process of which consists of several technological operations performed at the same time, is justified. Disk working bodies crush plant residues and destroy weeds. This creates a network of cracks in the underlying soil horizons. Next, there are flat-cutting working bodies that loosen the soil to a set depth. The root system of weeds is pruned, the remaining loosened soil layer is loosened to the required depth, the formation of a smooth bottom of the "furrow", and the separation of erosive soil particles to the bottom of the furrow. Next, the roller starts working – a lump-crushing sealer, which provides crushing of soil lumps on the surface and sub-compaction of the treated layer. The last in the technological chain is a mulching roller, which provides the formation of a compacted seedbed for seeds with simultaneous mulching of the compacted soil layer. The use of the combined unit in the technology of winter wheat cultivation allowed to reduce the number of technological operations by 1,5-2,5 times, increase the productivity of winter wheat by 11-13% and the cost of production by 10,4-18,3 %
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EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTING EQUIPMENT FOR TOBACCO GREEN LEAF PROCESSING
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionEfficiency of tobacco green leaf processing can be increased by utilizing innovative equipment and technology improving. As a part of research and postgraduate work technology and equipment for tobacco green leaf processing were elaborated. Elaborated equipment consists of set of devices for preparing tobacco leaves for drying, drying and packaging of dry tobacco. Basic element of the equipment is double-sided needle, designed for threading the tobacco leaves and their further curing directly on the needle. The set of devices is patented and has passed experimental testing. This equipment is implemented in scientific and economic activity of the institute. Testing the equipment for large quantities of tobacco has proved the efficiency of new technology for preparing and curing the tobacco leaves and confirmed the validity of technical solutions and characteristics of manufactured equipment. It is determined that 50 devices for double-sided needle arrangement are sufficient per 1 ha of tobacco field. Leaf mass per one double-sided needle can reach 3 – 4.5 kg, depending on weather conditions. Carried experiments have proved the necessity of cutting the upper part of the petioles when placing long stemmed tobacco sorts and periodic distribution of leaves on the needle during the curing. Performing these operations led to obtaining the cured tobacco of high quality. Results of the semi-industrial experiments have proved the efficiency of elaborated technology. Utilizing of innovative equipment is recommended for industrial production of dried tobacco
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EXPERIENCE OF USING "HYPONAT BPO" DISINFECTANT FOR REFRIGERATOR CHAMBERS DISINFECTION
DescriptionThe article presents the results of production tests of previously developed refrigeration disinfection regimen “Hyponat BPO”. As a result of production tests, it was found that the disinfectant “Hyponat BPO” provides 100% disinfection of refrigerated chambers, as well as auxiliary equipment at meat processing plants. Thus, it was determined that the positive effect of surface disinfection during control according to the E. coli test culture was achieved by using a 2% solution at an exposure of 30 minutes, staphylococcus with a 3% solution and exposure of 50 minutes, and with a VLM control, a 4% solution and exposure of 60 minutes
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EVALUATION OF THE SOURCE MATERIAL TO CREATE HETEROTIC HYBRIDS OF TOMATO FOR PLASTIC FOIL HOUSES
06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe creation of breeding material with desired properties is a principal problem, the successful solution of which is now possible with the introduction of genetic engineering technology. We have carried out an evaluation of the source material on its basis to identify samples suitable for creating heterotic hybrids with a set of economically valuable traits, including resistance to the tomato leaf curl virus (TYLCV)
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PERSPECTIVE SYSTEM FOR MECHANIZATION OF FIELD CROPS CULTIVATION
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionIn the article we performed an analysis and generalization of the accumulated results of scientific research and best practices in the problem of creating and using machines and technologies in field cultivation of the Krasnodar region; their shortcomings are revealed, as well as ways and means of increasing the efficiency of field crop production through innovative technology machines. Attention is paid to eliminating the violation of agrotechnical, environmental requirements, complexity and quality work performed by serial equipment; unreasonably dependent nomenclature of technical means and high labor costs and means compared with foreign technologies, proposals have been developed for a system of machines for mechanizing field cultivation, which includes the I450 mobile power tool, Belarus tractor 1523 and 890, the fertilizer sprayer TUNAN-1, E5-1, KZR combines -12 and CF-10, a fundamentally new loop of cars for mobile power is based on multifunctional units, assembled from serial single-operation machines according to the inventions of KubSAU, and machine technologies based on the use of multifunctional units strictly comply with the farming system and the fulfillment of the above requirements. The transition of agricultural enterprises to new technologies for the production of field products is justified, including a “non-spring” for cereals, legumes and oilseeds, a new system of tractors and trailed combines that are not inferior to self-propelled, but much cheaper. The new mechanization system provides a breakthrough in the efficient production of crop production in accordance with the estimated technical and economic indicators
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Description
An important factor in improving the efficiency of production in the agro-industrial sector is to improve the quality of poultry products and their processing. The article presents the dynamics of the influence of stimulating drugs on the productive qualities of the black African ostrich. The reserves of increasing the production of eggs of black African ostriches and its quality due to the use of stimulating drugs were revealed. The effect of the use of the drug called "Radostin Vitasil" on the chemical composition of eggs, egg production of black African ostriches is shown. The obtained research results convincingly prove that the mass of ostrich eggs of the experimental groups significantly exceeded the control by 5.45 and 3.11%, respectively. Changes in the mass of white and yolk of the egg of ostriches of experimental groups as a result of feeding the drug "Radostin Vitasil" affected the ratio of white/yolk, which slightly decreased towards the optimal. There was a significant difference in the content of carotenoids and vitamin A in the egg yolk of the I experimental group by 10.98% and 10.05%, in the II experimental group-9.15% and 6.35%, in comparison with similar indicators in the control group, respectively. There was an excess of vitamin E level in the eggs of the experimental groups in relation to the control by 6.73 and 3.42%. The results of incubation showed that the stimulating drug "Radostin Vitasil" had a positive effect on the process of embryonic development. The calculated economic efficiency of the drug "Radostin Vitasil" confirmed the feasibility of using this drug in the production of black African ostriches eggs
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05.13.10 Management in social and economic systems
DescriptionThe article deals with the complexity of the construction of engineering theories in both scientific and practical direction based on the use of non-traditional approach to the problems of effective data monitoring, especially in the field of control systems of multicomponent representation of objects of system analysis. The study of the complexity of this issue involves a detailed consideration of the relationships of the elements of these objects on the basis of known methods, while the integration of heterogeneous knowledge obtained by such often independent methods becomes very time-consuming and poorly formalized. Currently, the processing of information and its subsequent presentation have changed significantly through the use of data mining (IAD), which includes not only the organization of the knowledge system in various missile defense, but also in the field of DSS. This, in turn, contributes to the effective formalization of fuzzy information and processing it in the form of fuzzy algorithms, which is an extension of the decision support system based on fuzzy logic – DSS NL. At the same time, it is necessary to emphasize the features of the proposed approach of the DSS NL, which is that it can be used in various missile defense systems, including for the effective analysis of statistical information of multicomponent representation of objects, which is used in determining statistical indicators to identify and assess existing and potential risks, adverse situations, as well as in the preparation of motivational grounds for managerial decision-making. For the purpose of more detailed establishment in real missile defense of the relations between objects it is offered to carry out by means of various degrees of dependence. For example, the types of graded connections are considered as fuzzy objective connections, and the use of expert systems and semantic links led to the construction of hypotheses analysis of situations and semantic relationship between them. A significant difference of the considered DSS NL is that each model is formed on the basis of a separate semantic network, and the system itself works with several models of Pro related or unrelated to each other. On the basis of the use of the concept of the relationship of proximity between concepts, belonging to the situation, its information part of the recommendations Are grouped according to the selected situation for their subsequent analysis and decision-making. On the basis of the principle of coordinating actions and construction of the function, taking into account the optimal time of the control action, the General algorithm of decision support for emergency production situations in the Pro low-rise construction, both in urban and rural areas
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Description
We took 20 samples of centralized water for bacteriological studies at two farms of the collective farm “Limann” and the collective farm “50 years of the name of the October Revolution” of the Neklinovsky District of the Russian Federation and sent to the Rostov Regional Veterinary Laboratory. Thus, according to the results of laboratory studies of water, it was found that in the first farm in 7 samples out of 10 under No. 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, common coliform bacteria were found (the number of bacteria in 100 ml according to MUK 4.2. 1018-01), as well as thermo-tolerant coliform bacteria (the number of bacteria per 100 ml according to MUK 4.2.1018-01), in the second farm in 5 samples out of 10 under No. 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 common coliform bacteria (number of bacteria per 100 ml according to MUK 4.2.1018-01), as well as thermo-tolerant coliform bacteria (number of bacteria per 100 ml according to MUK 4.2.1018-01). According to the results of studies using the rapid test "Biocontrol" revealed that in the first farm in 2 samples out of 10 under No. 4.9 per 1 ml of bacteria 105, which indicates water pollution, and in 5 out of 10 samples No. 1, 2, 5, 8, 10 per 1 ml of bacteria 107, which indicates a strong pollution of water and is the basis for the prohibition of watering animals. In the second household, in 3 samples out of 10 under No. 4, 5, 8 per 1 ml of bacteria 105, which indicates water pollution, and in 2 out of 10 samples No. 3, 7 per 1 ml of bacteria 107, which indicates severe water pollution which is not recommended for animals. Thus, the studied water samples by the bacteriological method coincide with the “Biocontrol” rapid tests, which makes it possible to practically use it in farms
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THEORETICAL STUDIES OF SEED MOVEMENT IN THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF A PNEUMATIC GRAIN DRILL
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionPneumatic grain seeders with a central dosing system have high productivity due to the presence of a large centralized hopper, as well as a large width of capture. However, they cannot always ensure an even distribution of seeds between coulters. The article performs an analysis of designs of sowing machines. The influence of the angle of rotation of the air mixture in the tap on the drop in seed speed is studied. We also obtained the equation of seed velocity at turns of pneumatic lines of pneumatic seeders. Branches were analytically studied, the outer walls of which were described by various equations in a rectangular coordinate system. Optimal are bends, the contour of the outer wall of which is outlined by the curves of the power function. Analysis of such curves indicates that the optimal curve that provides the smallest meeting angles is a cubic parabola. Based on the considered analytical materials, we found that when developing a pneumatic scheme for transporting seeds of grain crops to the distributor, it is necessary to avoid using taps with horizontal to vertical and from vertical to horizontal
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08.00.13 Mathematical and instrumental methods of Economics
DescriptionIn modern economic theory, there is no complete classification of innovative approaches to the management of knowledge-intensive and high-tech companies and enterprises. Among these approaches, we can highlight situational, structural, process, functional and project-based approaches. The project-oriented approach, as a purposeful method of future systems forming, is a kind of continuation of the process approach; however, it gives priority not to the process, but to the project, as the main production, innovation and competing business unit. This article provides a brief overview of carried out research in this subject area, analyzes the advantages and opportunities of existing project management validity models, and suggests the author's approach of building a model for identifying and evaluating the potential of modern project-oriented companies and enterprises. This article also shows that the economic efficiency of such companies and enterprises achieving by using the project-based method both in the integrated system of strategic management and in the main production activities. This leads to an increase in their ability to choose the right way of operational decision-making, contributes to the installation of advanced technological and technical equipment, and accelerates the commissioning of new production facilities