09.00.00 Philosophic sciences
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THE PROBLEM OF SENSES SUBSTITUTION
DescriptionThe author deals with problems of substitution of senses and notions in the science and in the social life. Such processes result not only in distortion of the scientific worldview but also in absolutely undesirable social cataclysms. However, this scientific problem has not been yet worked out to sufficient extent, which hampers preventing the mentioned distortions of the real worldview and brings to unwanted consequences requiring correlation and corrections. The question of senses and notions substitution is not new in the science but it has not been yet sufficiently studied. We know that strictness of thinking must be dearly paid for in loss of flexibility in revaluation of senses, which makes you easily slip into dogmatism. It should be noted that this keeps taking place both in the science itself and in the life of society any science is called to serve. So the science can be hardly imagined without schools of thought. They ensure preservation of certain knowledge, vision, approach and, finally, of a certain school – they are traditions and authority of the science. However, having passed their golden age, when the founder used to be followed after several generations by dogmatists whose genius and talent were far from being so great, a school begins to degrade producing scholasticism by substitution and emasculation of senses and notions and finally destructs itself. The collectivization in the USSR in the 30ies of the 20th century and so-called “extremes” associated with it being that very substitution of sense platforms in its pure form constitutes a rather illustrative example of social manipulation based on the substitution of sense platforms. These activities relating to detection of senses and notions substitution will also be developed in the future. The truth will be approached as before through cleaning the knowledge of the myth, through searching for the original sense or the archetype separated from lie and fabrication, cleaned of scientific dishonesty and political order
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THE PROBLEM OF READING AND WRITING IN THE CONTEXT OF A POETICS AND PRAGMATICS OF PHILOSOPHICAL TEXTS
DescriptionThe article considers the problem of reading and writing that is topical for the modern philosophy of the text. Philosophical text in modern humanitarian science is considered from the perspective of two of its functions – poetic and pragmatic. The poetic function of the text related to the structure of the text and the cultural and social role of the author in the process of "production". The pragmatic function of the text assumes its "consumption" by the reader, as well as the process of communication between author and reader. This article describes the results of research "the author function" in the humanitarian culture of the twentieth century. Modern analysts, such as R. Barthes, M. Foucault and Eco are talking about the "death of the author", so the term “letter” replaces the concept of text in modern culture. In this regard, the role of the reader increases, not only as a "recipient" of the text, but also as his collaborator. The reader interprets the text, providing the space of its cultural consumption and reproduction in modern society. The key mechanism for such reproduction can be called "hypertext" because it corresponds to the understanding of the text from the perspective of structuralism, and from the perspective of modern information society. In the article we make a conclusion about the necessity of further research in this direction
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PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF MODERN NORWEGIAN PHILOSOPHY: ACHIEVEMENTS AND DILEMMAS
DescriptionThis article represents a review of achievements of post-war Norwegian philosophy. The author analyses the most current issues and tendencies for philosophers in Norway. Here is introduced several new sources that had not been engaged in Russian science before
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PROJECTION OF KNIGHTLY AWARDS TO THE PRESENT
DescriptionThe archetypes of knights and nobility are alive and exist nowadays. The question is how this influence is carried out qualitatively and quantitatively as far as it is obvious and what ways of its influence. We will consider interaction of the medal organizations with society and penetration of their archetypes in centuries today. The fullest concept of the Award was developed now by Maxim Kalashnikov (Kucherenko Vladimir Aleksandrovich). And the purpose of it of "An award of new sword-bearers" is revival of Russia, as independent imperial state. It is possible to assume that the word "Award" turns on some mechanisms hidden in us leading to realization of its archetype, and then and its development, so to speak "germination of seeds" in centuries, and even the millennia. As the material carrier of archetypes various structures can act. For example, it can be the genetic level which is shown in a complex, multicircuit and multilevel structure of human mentality, so and a brain. It can be also field structures which accumulate information and in which a brain of the person only the send-receive device and the antenna, proceeding from that, for example, that the nature of planetary superreason is the integrated association of physical fields what in due time V.I. Vernadsky closely approached
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ORIGIN, EVOLUTION AND DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN NATURE
DescriptionThe article considers current trends and unsolved problems in studies of the origin and evolution of communication in nature. Distinctive features of natural language, its biological, cognitive and sociocultural foundations are revised from the perspectives of new findings in this field. The article also investigates the main characteristics of primal and basic forms of "communication" (e.g. in bacteria and plants). It is argued that to them are more applicable non-representational models of communication, because they are not based on the representation of meanings or the processes of cognition and interpretation. On the example of the acoustic signals of birds and primates it is shown that they have such linguistic features as referentiality, plasticity and sociocultural heritability. Discovery of the faculty, for instance in some species of birds, for a "semantically compositional communication" ("semantic compositionality"), reveals also the presence of the "protosyntax" in animal communication. Considered studies enable to bring together features of communication in nature and natural language and to see the evolution of communication as the more gradualistic process than previously thought. Nevertheless, it is emphasized that there is a need for the development in the modern studies the socio-cultural approaches to communication that take into account the non-genetic inheritance system and the cumulative nature of culture
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Description
Contemporary philosophical thought is able to find modern trends of development. The traditional materialistic and idealistic model turns out archaic and platitudinous. It is necessary to work out appropriate forms of reflection. In addition, a need exists for including the interpretation of being actual fundamental research. The history of Russian thought reveals that in the end of XIX century, when intellectual crisis was occurred, it was formed such philosophical trend as realism. The grounds of realism were the achievements of natural science on the one hand and on the other were the revolutionarydemocratic ideas of «the Sixties». Realism being aimed at the reinterpretation and transformation of practical life on the real foundations set itself the task to study the actual reality. Therefore, philosophical realism has received an active development in a domestic science. Natural scientists argued correlative unity of material and ideal in nature. Idealism was regarded as speculative (insignificant) philosophy and materialism was as a limitation of the cognitive space of being and nature. The advantages of philosophical realism are rationalism, syncretism, and criticism. Realism is a trend of thought which has not yet evolved and can be productive in resolving modern problems
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REALISM AND THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE IN RUSSIAN PHILOSOPHY
DescriptionThe anthropologism is traditionally considered the main feature of Russian philosophy. The article reviews some anthropological ideas that have received natural development in such direction of thought as philosophical realism in the 2nd part of XIX century. Philosophical realism is positioned as a trend that has emerged within the mainstream of the basic traditions of Russian philosophy. It is noted that this direction is defined as an independent, in the wake of the strengthening of Russian science as a new cognitive paradigm. Substantively, philosophical realism is presented with the theories and concepts of the natural sciences developed in the 2nd part of XIX century. The realistic outlook, ripening in the Science environment, not only supported the anthropological tradition of Russian thought but put them on a scientific basis. It was dominated by the view that only by using scientific methods can reveal the objective laws of coexistence between man, nature and society. The article deals with the anthropological theories of Russian thinkers such as A.N. Radishchev, A.I. Galich, N.G. Chernyshevsky. The anaysis shows that realistic outlook in the natural sciences in the area of human theory relies on the principles of integrity, panmoralizm, cosmism. The conclusion is that the philosophical concepts by realistic scientists are out of attention of modern scholars. In the meantime, the study of these theories can make a significant contribution to the practical experience of comprehension of reality, as well as help to discover new sides of the domestic, national philosophy
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REALISTIC CONCEPTION OF V.M. BEHTEREV
DescriptionIn the focus of the article we have the philosophical concept of the outstanding scientist and social activist V.M. Behterev, which is considered as philosophical realism. Philosophical realism is a trend of Russian intellectual thought. It aims to study the nature and the man is substantial part of which. In this way, the realism is based on the anthropological tradition. Realistic ideology, which is developed by scientists, indicates the comprehension of the relationship of material and ideal in nature. To designate such connection the author proposes the concept of "philosophical conversion". Behterev's theory is positioned as a particular expression of philosophical realism in nature science, and it is termed by "evolutionary monism". It means a correlative connection of a total processes in nature. By analyzing the philosophical views of the scientist, the author concludes that psychic energy appears as a correlate of material and ideal and it is intermediated by humans. Psychic energy like other forms of energy is never destroyed and provides a social immortality of the man. The accumulation of mental energy leads to the creation of higher moral being named «progenerativ». The realistic concept of Behterev is interesting both a historical point of view and in the context of contemporary interdisciplinary efforts to comprehend the "second reality" of man, namely a virtual reality
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RELIGIOUS TRANSGRESSION IN HETEROTOPIC SPACES
DescriptionHeterotopia, according to M. Foucault, is the space beyond all others, the space in which there are no familiar laws and regulations to the subject. It is obvious that behavioral stereotypes in such circumstances are undergoing all sorts of changes. People entering the heterotopia (especially in frontier heterotopia), is forced to adapt to new conditions and somehow the so-called act of transgression, i.e. to overstep the limits of the traditional behavior. It raises epistemological significance of the study of heterotopic transgression. The author, using Foucauldian approach to heterotopia, analyzes various forms of transgression, for the first time their classification is given. However, special attention is paid to religious transgressions, as heterotopic space often give ground for the emergence of new religious movements, branches, and sometimes even new religious systems. The author concludes that acts of transgression are a form of reaction to a meeting with an Alien in new for the subject of transgression conditions, which gives him the opportunity to adapt successfully to changing environmental conditions. All this corresponds to basic instincts of survival of the individual
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ROLE OF PARADOXICAL STYLE OF THINKING IN FORMATION OF POST-NONCLASSICAL STRATEGY OF RESEARCH
DescriptionIn article, we have shown the main approaches to the typology of styles of thinking, an attempt of definition of the ontological status of paradoxical style of thinking and paradox has been made