09.00.00 Philosophic sciences
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Description
The article is about the theory of the sobor intelligence, and the analysis of the historical and philosophical origin of the sobor cognition in the national philosophy
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Description
The article deals with the spiritual autonomy of religious consciousness as a cultural phenomenon in the context of everyday life in the hermeneutic aspect. For understanding the basics of spiritual autonomy of religious consciousness it is necessary to analyze the language of religion, in this case, based on the concept of culture code using hermeneutic methods in the civilized and cultural-historical approaches, focusing on the unity of objectivity and subjectivity, to meet with the image of a different culture and its values
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SPORT AS A SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTOR OF MODERNIZATION OF THE RUSSIAN SOCIETY
DescriptionSport is represented as one of the factors of modernization processes to stimulate both an individual’s creativity and Russian society
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DID THE PEASANTS BECOME SOCIALIST?
DescriptionDuring the times of the Soviet Union, it was believed that the collective farm peasants were a class of the soviet society that formatted its social basis together with the working class and the people’s intellectuals. There was also an opinion that the collective farm peasants took an active part in construction of the communism and in ever more intensive development of productive forces in the agricultural sector. Evolution of the peasants was interpreted as follows: in course of preparation and actual realization of the social revolution along with subsequent reforms, the poorest peasants acting as ally of the proletariat became stronger in their revolutionary mood and gradually mastered certain elements of the proletarian ideology. Revolutionary enthusiasm and mood of the poorest peasants changed the consciousness of most working peasants for the benefit of collectivization. The latter created in its turn an objective basis of all peasants’ transformation to a quite new social class and formation of its socialist psychology. At the same time, the peasants were always under suspicion, which related to their petty-bourgeois nature. It should be mentioned that there was not any voluntary move of peasants from individualistic sentiments to collectivism. The transition to industrial methods in agriculture and to integration of peasants to collective farms was not caused by some abstract class feeling of the peasants but by the economic necessity and expedience for the country. Therefore, we can observe a substitution of sense platforms regarding this matter, which is ascertained and reasoned in this publication
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THE SUBJECT OF PEDAGOGICAL DISCOURSE IN RUSSIA AND GERMANY
DescriptionThis article explores the critics of pedagogical discourse within activity theory. This critical approach is provided explicitly in contemporary Russian philosophy by I.A. Karavaeva. Within activity theory, the idea of objectivity serves as a main criterion of an educational process, whereas a teacher and a student are losing their subjectivity. While a teacher is reproducing the learning material by means of the method, both of which are determined not by himself, a student should be reproducing the provided material as close to the original as possible. The learning process resembles the reflection in the mirror. The article raises the question of how to return the subjectivity back to pedagogical discourse. The article states that we should take into account the classical German philosophy by F.W.J. Shelling (concept of “un-grounding” of knowledge) as well as the contemporary continental philosophy by J. Deleuze (identity of thinking and learning). These theories help to understand how a teacher and a student can think and learn together. The dialogue between a teacher and a student produces a unique and contingent learning situation, when thinking is provoked by the necessity of interpreting signs and making them meaningful. In terms of didactics, this results in abandoning the illusion of primordial knowledge as well as in transition towards the post-methodological approach in education
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DEVELOPMENTAL SYSTEMS THEORY AND OTHER SYSTEM APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF EVOLUTION
DescriptionDifferent models of evolution of biological and social systems that present system approach are considered. Modern studies of relevant genetic, epigenetic, ecological and cultural inheritance systems are reviewed. Significance of non-genetic types of inheritance for evolution is emphasized
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Description
The article is devoted to the analysis of positions of some philosophers who negatively estimate a role of equipment in human lives and societies. It discusses the philosophical concepts of E. Yunger, F. Yunger, M. Heidegger, K. Jaspers, etc. Besides, the authors of this article address to A. Schopenhauer, F. Nietzsche, M. Makklyuen's heritage. In this work it is shown as methods of formalization and symbolization in science are transferred to areas of humanitarian knowledge and spiritual life, impoverishing them, turning "the understanding thinking in estimating". Calculation becomes a sign of the mechanized reality in which education, work, household submit also to the principles of mechanization. Extrapolation of mechanics to all the spheres of human existence leads to destruction of the humanistic principles: the world as mechanical system is the world where one element can be replaced with another where each part represents only object for studying and manipulation. In the article we also describe tendencies of transformation of people into masses on the basis of the rational estimating tradition of Modern times. Thus, in this work the problems menacing to the essence of "human" are being put and the message for further searches of the way of permission of the question of dehumanization in connection with technical development is formulated, when it is impossible to refuse it completely
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THE IDENTITY OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION AS THE SUPREME DESTINATION OF THEIR BECOMING
DescriptionThe article solves a problem of correlation of different forms of cognition such as philosophy and religion in the ontological process, which is refers as a dialectical unity of the becoming of being and thinking. The definition of the logical form of the individual stages of cognition appears possible only in case that they are the special forms of determination of the universal form of being, which for them is a universal content. The special definition of the universal form of being through certain forms of cognition is a logical necessity ontological process. Its subdividing into three stages is mediated by exact historical incarnation of three logical forms, which in the sphere of cognition correspond: art/myth; religion/science; philosophy. On the basis of the identity of the content of philosophy and religion, which is the universal form of being, it is argued that their identity is at the last stage of the becoming of culture is the result of realization of this form in the idea of concrete identity. Its concrete manifestation in all aspects of being and thinking completes itself an ontological process, turning it into the system, which is infinitely determined by the logical form. The idea of concrete identity, which is the ideal purpose and actual result of a becoming of being, leaving nothing in it abstract and indeterminate, fully expresses itself in ideal by the form, the universal notion. Since in the notion of the subject and object, thinking and being, the spirit and the nature they completely coincide, then the universal notion is a concrete manifestation of the universal subject – the absolute person, eternally united in all their attributes. The concept of the idea of concrete identity, arising not only in philosophy, but also in religion – in an image of the absolute person, by means of their associations at the highest stage of development, reaches the limit point of its definition
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TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIALISM AND CONSERVATISM IN THE POSTMODERN AGE
DescriptionThere were considered the problems and prospects of opponents of ruling liberal ideology – socialism and conservatism in the article. It is proven, that the main problems for socialism and conservatism water down their social basis as well as their exclusion into theoretical area. Dynamics of socialism and conservatism under the influence of neo-liberal practice is rather contradictory and differently directed. From one hand, it makes many left and right politicians take principles of neo-liberalism going to compromise. From other hand, sides strengthen the radicalization of more serious supporters of these ideologies. Nevertheless, the opponents of liberalism are not devoid of prospects. Losing its total character inherent it in the "age of ideology", these ideologies can remain relevant for a partial (molecular) level. Intensifying social inequality present social fields for development of socialistic ideas, but value deformation activate the conservative postulates
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TRANSFORMATION OF THE IMAGE OF AN ALIEN IN CONDITIONS OF THE POSTFRONTIER CULTURAL PARADIGM
DescriptionCultural dialogue with an Alien/Stranger on Frontier territories takes different forms depending on the specific period in which intercultural communication occurs. It is possible to allocate three periods with particular forms of intercultural communication: the early frontier, active frontier and postfrontier. If meeting with a Stranger/Alien in the active period of the frontier is characterized by the active suppression of a Stranger, sometimes to His complete destruction or enslavement, in the period of postfrontier there comes a revision of forms of this dialogue and the image of an Alien/Stranger radically changed from negative to positive. This article analyzes the transformation of the Stranger’s image in the postfrontier space of the USA. It shows how the image of the Indian in the second half of the 20-th century got increasingly positive features