№ 112(8), October, 2015
Public date: 30.10.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 151, 381 kb
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CONCEPTUAL DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL TOOLKIT OF INVESTMENTS
DescriptionIn the article, we have carried out an analysis of theoretical and conceptual positions of financial tools of investment. During the research, the concept of “investment analysis” has been specified and ordering of classifications of financial tools has been performed. The article has a research character, because it suggests the basic approaches to estimation of the cost of financial investments and the models of estimation of the cost of financial tools of investment. One of the major factors defining appeal of the market for investors and efficiency of its functioning is the tools that were designed for fulfilling equitable interests of participants and allowing them to carry out the functions effectively. The analysis of a modern condition of the financial market of Russia is lead and it was revealed, that the part of transactions with the Russian actions is carried out at foreign stock exchanges for already more than decade. There of problems and directions on effective development of the national financial market are allocated. The potential of the market of financial tools in Russia is not opened yet completely and gives prospect for development of methods and ways of complex influence on its factors causing. In this connection the separate attention is deserved with the offered necessary conditions of its successful development
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CULTURE SOVIET TRADE IN THE COLLECTIVE FARMS IN THE POSTWAR DECADES
DescriptionOn the basis of the periodic analysis of the materials of the Soviet post-war decades, this article attempts to analyze the activities of commercial enterprises to meet the consumer demand of the rural population. According to the author, the abolition of the card system in the Soviet Union in 1947 did not reach the stated goals: increasing demand of the population was unable to meet the deficit and preserve consumer goods led to the emergence of new social relations and relations between individuals included in the power hierarchy and employees trade institutions, and the bulk of the rural population is supplied with goods on leftovers. Many shopping facilities in collective farms did not have time to prepare for work in a trade without a card and as a result, the first days of the reform were not working. In rural areas, acute shortage of food and industrial products: matches, kerosene, clothing, etc. Villagers not infrequently encountered rude attitude on the part of those engaged in trade and unsanitary conditions reigning in retail establishments. In many settlements, timetable of stores sellers was not respected and it gave yet another disadvantage to the rural population
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionOn the example of middle-aged and mature valuable forest stands we have brought an assessment of forestry and economic efficiency of various options of silvicultural actions for the reconstruction of invaluable young growths (17 objects with a total area of 102,6 hectares) which was carried out in 1947-1959 and to formation of plantings from subgrowth and young growth of the coniferous breeds kept when carrying out gradual and continuous cabins in 1962-1996 and also from forest cultures (8 objects of 44,9 hectares) for conditions of the coniferous and broad-leaved woods of the Republic of Tatarstan. The results of the researches showed that the best indicators of forestry and economic efficiency of actions of care of the woods by reconstruction are observed in pine plantings at a continuous way: the grown-up wood reserves on a root (346-522 m3/hectare in 55 years) exceed stocks of modal forest stands on 109-288 m3/hectare with economic efficiency within 10625-50659 rub/hectare. Slightly less efficient - larch and spruce plantings at a corridor way of reconstruction. Similar indicators of actions for formation of plantings from subgrowth represent positive results as well: forestry efficiency made from 31 to 208 m3/hectare, economic - within 10584-26846 rub/hectare. Based on the researches we made conclusions, offers and recommendations for practical use in forestry of the Republic of Tatarstan
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SMALL AGRO-BUSINESS IN THE IMPORT SUBSTITUTION CONDITIONS
DescriptionThe article deals with problems and possibilities in agriculture import substitution conditions and considers the significant role of small agrarian forms in this economy processes. The article notes that the main aim of import substitution is improving the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products through greater motivation of technological, modernization and innovation policy in production, through the development of new innovative, more competitive food products with higher consumer parameters. Practice shows that the most effective substitution is carried out in the agricultural sector and the food industry. The Krasnodar region has the most efficient developed agriculture production structure with the best natural and investment climate in the country, with enlarged of crop rotation fields, excessive and relatively low labor cost with the best experience in agricultural production. The author discusses about the detail problems of import substitution with participation of small businesses in the areas of grain production, sugar beet, about the difficulties in material and technical equipment, provision of seed and other problems. The problems of the financial component in large and small businesses specifically mentions, also in the field of cost management processing, pricing, formation of gross profit. The article emphasizes the importance of recovering the lost possibilities of breeding in animal husbandry, especially in pig and cattle. The most difficult situation is with lending, where the author recommends the reduction of rates for farmers in the short and medium term lending to the level of 3-5%. The author considers a changes in the mechanism of redistribution of public support in favor of livestock very important, where there are large risks, difficulties of long-term credits, problems of technological discipline observance and more
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MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF DECISIONMAKING SYSTEM INTEGRATION IN THE MULTIPLE CHOICE ALTERNATIVES
DescriptionThe article deals with the models and the methods of the market of the proposed sub-systems and equipment, based on the analysis of the requirements for security to choose the best solution for the synthesis of the integrated security system
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Description
The NP-problem of discrete optimization of consumption of non-renewable resources is considered in the article. It is offered to use transitions of NP-system conditions on the complete graph with number of vertexes, equal to quantity of discrete resources, for the problem decision. The purpose of such system is construction of a chain of the predetermined length and the minimum weight on the complete graph. The length of a chain defines quantity of the consumed resources. The problem factor is factorial growth of number of variants of chains on graph at linear growth of quantity of resources. The main idea consists in a finding of statistical regularities of ranks of transitions of NP-system at construction of chains with the minimum weight on graphs of the small size. Use of ranks allows to abstract from concrete weights of transitions, which are variables for each problem of optimization, and to find the patrimonial feature of all optimum decisions. It is offered to use the found regularities to solve the problems of the big dimension. As a result of researches, it has been defined that probabilities of ranks of transitions are described by geometric distribution. In the article, the algorithm of definition of parameter of geometrical distribution for a rank of each transition depending on the initial and consumed quantity of resources is presented. Realization of a method of generating of suboptimum chains is based on use of generators of the pseudo-random numbers setting values of each rank of transition of NP-system according to geometrical distribution of probabilities. It is offered two variants of generators of ranks of chains to use. Computer experiment has shown useful effect of an offered method at the decision of problems of small and average dimension
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MECHANICAL GRINDING OF SOLID POWDER MATERIALS
DescriptionThe article is dedicated to the determination of conditions for solid bodies’ fragmentation, providing minimal size of particles by means of their mechanical dispersion through the example of powders of titanium carbide (TiC), cubic boron nitride – borazon (CBN) and boron carbide (B4C). The theoretical and practical aspects of the process of mechanical fragmentation of particles of solid powder materials in ball mill for their further utilization in furnace charge for high-speed gas-flame sputtering of wear-resistant composite materials are examined in the article. Methods of preliminary calculation of minimum allowable size of solid particles of powder materials during mechanical fragmentation, based upon Griffiths’ mechanical theory of rapture using experimental data for hardness of material and its yield are proposed and theoretically substantiated. There we have the results of experiments on mechanical fragmentation of titanium carbide in attritor, boron carbide and cubic boron nitride in centrifugal planetary mill, confirming correctness of theoretical propositions and calculations are set out. Recommendations on mechanical fragmentation of solid powder materials in ball mills are formulated as well
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SIMULATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES CHARACTERISTICS IN MATLAB/SIMULINK
DescriptionThe necessity of an exact determination of their parameters and characteristics appear in the connection with the extension of the sphere of application of solar photovoltaic modules in some cases. It is reasonable to use the method of computer modeling for the analysis of characteristics of specific solar modules at different levels of illumination and values of temperature. In the article there was presented the order of working out of a simulation model of photovoltaic modules in the medium Matlab/Simulink. The simulation model is based on the basis of pentaparametric analytical model of the volt-ampere characteristics of a solar cell. The worked out model allows to research the volt-ampere and volt-watt characteristics of solar modules in dependence on levels of intensity of solar radiation, temperature, values of short-circuit current, tension of single step, internal resistances of solar elements and a diode parameter as well. The discrepancy of data of results of modeling with technical characteristics does not exceed 7%
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11.00.00 Geographical sciences
DescriptionThe main goal of this article is to pinpoint some main to our mind problems of tourism in the Krasnodar region and in Russia in general, such as charter programs to the Krasnodar region and Russia absence, visa application difficulties for foreign tourists
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NONPARAMETRIC ESTIMATION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the nonparametric point and interval estimation of the characteristics of the probabilistic distribution (the expectation, median, variance, standard deviation, variation coefficient) of the sample results. Sample values are regarded as the implementation of independent and identically distributed random variables with an arbitrary distribution function having the desired number of moments. Nonparametric analysis procedures are compared with the parametric procedures, based on the assumption that the sample values have a normal distribution. Point estimators are constructed in the obvious way - using sample analogs of the theoretical characteristics. Interval estimators are based on asymptotic normality of sample moments and functions from them. Nonparametric asymptotic confidence intervals are obtained through the use of special output technology of the asymptotic relations of Applied Statistics. In the first step this technology uses the multidimensional central limit theorem, applied to the sums of vectors whose coordinates are the degrees of initial random variables. The second step is the conversion limit multivariate normal vector to obtain the interest of researcher vector. At the same considerations we have used linearization and discarded infinitesimal quantities. The third step - a rigorous justification of the results on the asymptotic standard for mathematical and statistical reasoning level. It is usually necessary to use the necessary and sufficient conditions for the inheritance of convergence. This article contains 10 numerical examples. Initial data - information about an operating time of 50 cutting tools to the limit state. Using the methods developed on the assumption of normal distribution, it can lead to noticeably distorted conclusions in a situation where the normality hypothesis failed. Practical recommendations are: for the analysis of real data we should use nonparametric confidence limits