№ 112(8), October, 2015
Public date: 30.10.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 151, 381 kb
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Description
The article discusses the relevance of the development of the methodological apparatus of analysis and evaluation of the functioning of complex organizational and technical systems, as well as methods of forming a set of dynamic optimal control models
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RATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS POST-HARVEST PROCESSING
DescriptionThe aim of the research is the determination of rational technology of post-harvest treatment of seeds of sunflower. Existing technologies that are implemented in grain cleaning units and complexes for the preparation of seed material type GCM (Voronezhselmash), "Polyma" (Belarus) and others perform seed treatment by sequential processing on all cleaning machines. Return at any point not provided, it is necessary to conduct repeated handling throughout the chain of cars that leads to the reduction of seed yield, decreased performance and increased injury to seed. Research Institute of oil crops designed container technology in universal seed cleaning complex, eliminates these disadvantages and allows finishing the processing of seed material at the time of matching seeds with the requirements of GOST at any stage. In seed output pneumatic sorting machines MOS-9N, which is seed cleaning complex that contained diseased seeds that differ from healthy seeds by color and lowered their quality. To improve the quality of seed material was applied photoelectron separator F 5.1, followed by separation of sunflower seeds on the dimension fraction (Ø7-Ø8 mm, Ø8-Ø9мм). In the result of the research container technology with subsequent fractionation of sunflower seeds on the separator at the final stage of their processing improves the yield of highly certified seeds from 92.90 to 93.20 % compared 91,20 % (without fractionation) and reduce the content of their departure from 68,83 to 65,60 % compared 85,52 % (without fractionation) depending on size fraction
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Description
The article deals with the study of the influence of the elastic damping mechanism (EDM) on the operability index for arable MTU on the basis of the 1,4 class tractor. The elastic damping mechanism was designed in order to smooth the aggregate starting, to reduce the dynamic load in transmission, to protect the engine from the external load vibration. The experimental results that were obtained while full-scale field studies of serial and test (containing EDM in transmission) machines are given in the article. Various oscillograms are analyzed: torque on the axis of tractor's driving wheel, tractive effort, the speed of the driving wheel, angular velocity of engine shaft and haulage. The mass-spectrum analysis was carried out to study the tractor characteristics in time more thoroughly. Such analysis allows to evaluate qualitatively the EDM influence. The normalized autocorrelation function and spectrum density of variation in time are studied in details for the following MTU characteristics: the wheel torque, haulage and tractive effort. These characteristics were compared with analogous characteristics for serial MTU model. The obtained results confirm that the EDM use in the tractor transmission has a positive effect on the functional MTU indexes. Obtained data can be used in mathematical modeling of MTU functioning
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RESOURCE-SAVING AS A FACTOR OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF INDUSTRIAL FRUIT AND VINE GROWING
DescriptionThe interrelation of efficiency of reproduction with rational structure of the organization and resource capacity of productive and technological processes is established. The need in imbalances of elimination for the organization of reproduction processes is caused. The main directions of efficiency increase of industrial fruit growing and vine growing are developed: the rational structural organization of productive and technological processes, the application of resource-saving technologies of crops cultivation, the decrease in level of chemical and technogenic impacts on agric cenosises. The criterions characterizing effective results and optimal resource capacity of technologies of long-term cultures cultivation are defined. The characteristic of decrease ways of resource capacity on the basis of new constructional decisions in the forming agric cenosises is given: in the industrial fruit growing is application of the unsupported cultivation of fruit plants providing the differentiated application of a wide range of rootstocks of the SK series which without influence on heredity of the grafted variety, reduce the force of plant growth, provide a fast fruitage and high productivity, resistance to biotic and abiotic stressor; in the industrial vine growing is the application of the formations of new type reducing the costs for the making of support-trellis construction, on the carrying out of agric and technological time-limits that is reflected in product cost and profitability of production of branch production. The main directions of resource-saving are systemically presented, the assessment of their efficiency in the industrial vine growing by the principle of a golden rule of economy" is carried out
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RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF RESOURCES IN THE KRASNODAR REGION COMPANIES
DescriptionA retrospective analysis of the use of resources in organizations greatly help in finding possible ways to effectively address social and economic problems of the village at the present stage of development of Russian society. The findings suggest the preparation of such tools for administrators, specialists of the district; planning, workers in the management of economic development that will not only provide evidence - based information source, but also a theoretical basis for the development of better programs for the economic development of rural areas; to adjust planned activities for improving the lives. Now, in the agricultural economic entities, existing conditions and problems, as well as factors affecting the efficient use of resources, might be identified only by a careful study of a relatively large number of organizations in a homogeneous area of agribusiness, which is what we tried to do afterwards. In modern conditions it should be noted that the value of agricultural potential along with land, labor and capital affects a number of natural, general economic, social and demographic conditions specific to our region, and in turn, have a significant impact on agriculture and the reproduction classic factors of production
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThe article discusses the use of automatic systemic-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis), its mathematical model is a system of information theory and software tools – an intellectual system called "Eidos" for the solution of some problems of ampelography: 1) digitization of scanned images of the leaves and creation of their mathematical models; 2) the formation of mathematical models of specific leaves using the spreading of information theory; 3) the formation of models of generalized images of leaves of various sorts; 4) comparing an image of a specific leaf with a generalized image of the leaf of different varieties and finding a quantitative degree of similarity and differences between them, i.e. the identification of the varieties on the leaf; 5) quantification of the similarities and differences of the varieties, i.e. cluster-constructive analysis of generalized images of the leaves of different varieties. We propose a new approach to digitizing images of leaves, based on using the polar coordinate system, the center of gravity of the image and its external contour. Before scanning images we may use transformation to standardize the position of the still images, their sizes and rotation angle. Therefore, the results of digitization and ASC-analysis of the images might be invariant (independent) relatively to their position, size and rotation. The specific shape of the contour of the leaf is regarded as noise information on the variety, including information about the true shape of the leaf of the class (clean signal) and noise, which distort this true form, originating in a random environment. Software tools of ASC-analysis – intellectual "Eidos" system ensures noise reduction and the selection of the signal about the true shape of the leaf of each variety on the basis of a number of noisy concrete examples of the leaves of this variety. This creates a one way form of a leaf of each class, free from their concrete implementations, i.e., the "Eidos" of these images (in the sense of Plato) is a prototype or archetype (in the Jungian sense) of the images
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Description
The article represents an author's look how character and sources of threats to national interests of Russia from the world financial market have changed in new geoeconomical and geopolitical conditions. The main objective of research is, on the one hand, justification of methodological approach to studying of influence of the world financial market on finance and economic system of the state. The second subtask is studying the new threats to national economy caused by the external economic and foreign policy instability. For achievement of the specified tasks authors investigated the scientific approaches to definition of "economic security" presented in works of the Russian and foreign scientists. It allowed to prove their own interpretation of this category, and to formulate why there are different approaches to definition of "economic security". The authors offer the system called "economic security – the financial market". It is presented in the form of the flowchart opening elements of this system. On a plan of authors, it has to serve as methodological basis when the analysis of character, the directions and extents of influence of changes of the world financial market on economic security of the state is carried out. As an illustration of this theoretical position, there is an assessment of external threats to Russia's national interests related to political events and economic transformation in 2014-2015
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ROLE OF THE FOREIGN FACTOR IN INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY
DescriptionInfluence of a foreign factor on innovative development of the countries isn't unambiguous, for Russia the foreign capital was rather limiting factor, than incentive to development. The analysis of historical experience of development of domestic science and equipment showed that the maximum innovative activity of economy was noted during the centralized science funding and education. The most important for the invention and opening which found the application in domestic economy, were made times of the state control of processes of development and introduction of new types of production and technologies. As a result of the retrospective analysis, it was revealed that innovative processes in domestic economy in the period of economic sanctions and restrictions especially become more active. In this work, it is shown that the market mechanisms providing free movement of technologies, knowledge, scientists and experts have negative impact on the developing national innovative system. Foreign investments by means of which foreign corporations exercise control over the domestic enterprises have special impact on development and promote capital outflow abroad. It is offered to toughen control of the foreign capital within the current legislation and to promote activation of an exchange of scientific and technical information at the international level
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THE LABOR MARKET OF THE ECONOMY OF KNOWLEDGE: THE SEGMENT OF EXPERTS IN KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING
DescriptionThe aim of the article is investigation of the Economics of knowledge and the identification of influencing factors on the evolution of markets of educational services and labor. The article analyzes the basic theories that comprise the modern paradigm of the knowledge economy. We have studied the influence of the service sector and knowledge at the level of GDP. It is shown that the development of corporations in the knowledge economy depends on financial, human, and institutional capital
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PROPERTIES OF THE FINE-GRAINED CONCRETE RECEIVED AT NEGATIVE TEMPERATURES
DescriptionResearches of fine-grained concrete testify the possibility of using mineral mechanically activated and nano-additives in a complex with the anti-frost additives providing the organization of production of concrete works at negative air temperatures that is especially important for the Arctic regions