№ 114(10), December, 2015
Public date: 30.12.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 111, 292 kb
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INFLUENCE OF HEAVY METALS HYDROXIDES ON WATER DISSOCIATION IN BIPOLAR MEMBRANE
DescriptionThe results of study of bipolar membrane – analogue of MB-2, modified with chemically introduced chromium (III), iron (III) and nickel (II) hydroxides by the method of frequency spectrum of electrochemical impedance, by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy in combination with X-ray spectrum analysis are presented. It is shown, that sequential treatment of cation-exchanger, contained in cationexchange membrane, with metal salt solution and alkali solution does not result in formation of complex compounds of these metals with ionic groups of ion exchanger. It was found that in these conditions the presence of heavy metals in the phase of cationexchanger confirmed by X-ray analysis, however, crystals of hydroxides of heavy metals are not detected in the size range of 1000 nm to 20 nm. These heavy metal compounds are thermally unstable and their catalytic activity in the reaction of dissociation of water molecules decreases with increasing temperature during heat treatment. The introduction of low-soluble hydroxides of d-metals (chromium (III), iron (III), nickel(II)) by chemical method can significantly improve the electrochemical characteristics of a bipolar membrane. The most effective catalysts in water dissociation reaction are the hydroxides of chromium (III) and iron (III) and, as a consequence, membranes with these hydroxides have a lower value of overpotential compared with original membrane at the same current density
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INFLUENCE OF PROTECTIVE COATINGS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ONION CROPS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe influence of protective coatings on changes in the biological characteristics of quality, germination, plant growth and development of the onion crop quantitative loss of garlic was investigated for the first time. The objects of research were winter garlic called Tien Shan and onion of Allan variety. Water solutions of polyvinyl alcohol PWS-5, paraffin coating Р, paraffin-cerezin composition PK-1 were studied as a protective coatings. Coating onions and chives before planting them in the ground delay germination, respectively at 1 and 2 weeks. Then, protective coatings act as growth stimulants. The greatest increase in green mass of garlic for 3 months (almost 2 times) compared to the control (uncoated) prepared using the hydrophobic coating РK-1. РK-1 increases the yield of garlic and onions in 1.5 times, and the seeds of onions in 1.3 times. It is recommended before planting onions to cover onions the PK-1 in order to prevent his fall germination and receive further large bulbs weighing 130-131 g. Carbohydrates, starch, vitamin C, and life-giving moisture garlic, it is best stored in a РK-1 coated serve after planting in soil more efficient power plant. As a result, such plant grows better, develops and gives higher yields
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THE EFFECT OF TREATMENT OF GRAPE CUTTINGS WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ON THEIR REGENERATIVE SKILLS
DescriptionThe article presents the results of studies on the effect of processing varieties of grape cuttings of Pervenets Magaracha using alternating electromagnetic field on their regenerative skills. Processing the cuttings with alternating electromagnetic field was carried out using an induction coil for 5,10,15 and 20 min. As a control option, the cuttings were soaked in water, as a standard option – the cuttings were soaked for 24 hours in a 0.01% solution of IAA. Rooting was performed in vessels with water at optimum temperature conditions. It was found, that the use of IAA for the first time led to the inhibition of blooming buds. EMF treatment of cuttings with each exposure has a stimulating effect on this indicator. Application of EMF exposures in the 5 to 15 minutes resulted in a significant increase in the length of shoots, compared to the control variant and the option to IAA. Processing cuttings with EMF exposures at 5,15 and 20 minutes resulted in a significant increase in rooting compared with the control. Maximum rooting was obtained at an exposure of 15 minutes. It was the same as in the version with a standard rooting stimulant - IAA. However, the highest yield of cuttings with 3 roots and ended up in a version with a 20-minute exposure. Maximum number was noted on the heel of the roots cuttings option with IAA. Treatment of cuttings with EMF exposure 5, 10 and 20 minutes, has also led to a significant increasing of this indicator, respectively, 45.5; 22.7 and 79.5%. The maximum increase in the number of roots was obtained in the variant with exposure 20 minutes. Thus, this option should be considered as the best one
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INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC SOLVENTS ON WATER DISSOCIATION IN BIPOLAR MEMBRANE
DescriptionThe article discusses results of experimental research of the influence of aprotic and proton solvents on reaction rate of water molecules dissociation in the bipolar membrane MB-1 by the method of electrochemical impedance frequency spectrum. It was discovered, that addition of organic component in aqueous solutions results in significant influence on the parameters of water dissociation in a bipolar region of the membrane. The reason for this influence is the reduction of the mass fraction of water in solution and, consequently, in a bipolar region of the membrane, which itself reduces the rate of the dissociation reaction. Another reason for the influence of the organic solvent is its effect on the network of hydrogen bonds existing in water and aqueous solutions. Depending on the nature of organic solvent and its concentration, the network of hydrogen bonds may be strengthened, or destroyed, thus facilitating removal of the proton involved in the reactions between water molecules and catalytic centers in cation-exchange and anion-exchange layer of bipolar membrane, or retarding removal of proton. This leads respectively to speed up or slow down the rate of dissociation in the bipolar region of the membrane, as well as changing the constants of the dissociation reaction of water. Introduction of organic solvent in solutions, which are in the contact with bipolar membrane, is a convenient method of investigating the role of solution composition on the rate of proton transfer between water molecules and catalytic centers in the membranes
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Description
The article examines the influence of key factors in the development of modern corporations – the authorities and property for the effective realization of the expanded reproduction of generative type. The article reveals a problem of building an effective configuration of capital (capitalograms) and an adequate system of existing development strategies of a corporation. It also formulates research hypothesis
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MILITARY AND ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICAL ACTIVITY OF E.A. GOLOVIN IN THE CAUCASUS (1838–1842)
DescriptionThe article is devoted to military and administrative activity of one of imperial deputies – Evgeny Aleksandrovich Golovin in the Caucasus in 1838-1842. The general spent more than three months studying data on the area he did not know in the archives of SaintPetersburg. E. A. Golovin paid special attention to road and fortification construction. He aimed at making them “centres of Russian nationhood by establishing schools and markets”. On December 15, 1838 E. A. Golovin submitted a report to A. I. Chernyshov, the military minister, where he described the nearest political tasks of the Russian government. In Golovin’s opinion, the main military actions in Dagestan were supposed to be seizure of Chirkat, construction of fortifications therein and devastation of Akhulgo, residence of Shamil. However, E. A. Golovin turned out to be bound with instructions written in Petersburg more than his predecessors. Programmes for military actions in the Caucasus region specifying even troop units to participate in expeditions down to the last detail were drawn on an annually basis. By the end of his term in the position of the Commander-in-Chief of the Independent Caucasian Corps Golovin started supporting the siege system by combining it, the same way as A. P. Ermolov, with periodic temporary offensive operations. After the Evgenievskoe Fortification (named so to honour Golovin by Royal Decree) had been constructed at the Sulak River, Evgeniy Aleksandrovich was dismissed in October 1842. The author concludes that in process of recognition of the world of mountaineers the commander-in-chief showed aspiration to searches of other, less dramatic solutions of the Caucasian question, opened for the successors of prospect of the movement of Russia and the people of Chechnya, Dagestan and Western Caucasus towards each other
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HARMONIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY AND TRADE POLICY ON THE EXAMPLE OF AGROINDUSTRIAL SPHERE
DescriptionThe importance of harmonization of industrial and trade policies at the micro- and macro-systems due primarily to the fact that it is connecting links between the individual elements of the technological pyramid and from their adequacy the level of economic development of the region and the country as a whole depends. Due to the large variety and inhomogeneity of natural and socio-economic conditions between individual parts and the subjects of the Russian Federation, balanced production, economic and trade relations, firstly, provide economic integrity of the country and, secondly, to promote the formation of a positive effect from intersubjective division of labor. Increasing changes in the environment, the appearance of new buyer inquiries, intensified competition, openings in science and technology, presenting new opportunities for business, requires organizations of an effective system of enterprise management, which allows responding flexibly to all market changes. This problem is solved by the implementation of industrial and trade policies of enterprise and by harmonizing production and sales activities. This article discusses the nature and content of the concepts of "industrial policy" and "trade policy", harmonization methods of industrial and trade policy of enterprises and agriculture in general. The article analyzes main indicators characterizing the contemporary economic condition of the agriculture industry. Based on the findings, it suggest ways to solve the problem
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STATE PROTECTIVE FOREST STRIP "CHERKESSK - ELISTA - VOLGOGRAD"
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionAfter World War II, in 1946, our country understands the problem - a terrible drought. To protect themselves against such disasters in the future, on October 20th , 1948, by the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Central Committee of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of the Bolsheviks a resolution "On the plan of shelterbelts, the introduction of grass crop rotation, construction of ponds and reservoirs to ensure high crop yields in the steppe and forest-steppe regions of the European part of the USSR " was adopted, later known as the "Great Plan for the Transformation of Nature". During the years 1950- 1965 it was planned to create the next big state protective forest strips from Saratov to Astrakhan on both banks of the Volga River; - in the direction of cities and towns: Penza - Ekaterinovka - Veshenskaya - Kamensky, in watersheds of the rivers Khoper and Medveditsa, Kalitva and Berezovaya; in the direction of cities Kamyshin - Volgograd, in the watershed of the rivers Volga and Ilovlya; in the direction of towns Chapayevsk - Vladimirovka; in the direction of cities Cherkessk - Elista - Volgograd; - in the direction of the mountain Vishnevaya, Orenburg, Uralsk and the Caspian Sea on the banks of the Ural River; in the direction of cities: Voronezh - Rostov - on - Don; on both banks of the Don River; on both banks of the river Seversky Donets from the city of Belgorod to the Don River. Strips were created in the steppe and forest steppe areas. It was the first, in the history of humankind, largest environmental program of impacts on the climate of the huge territory, designed to protect permanently fertile agricultural lands from harmful dry winds, dust storms, lack of moisture and soil erosion. We have studied the site of the State protective forest strip "Cherkessk - Elista - Volgograd" located in the "Kuban forest districts" of the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic. In this area the analysis of taxation indicators was made, the dynamics of change in the stock of plantations connected with age was studied
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DESIGN IN ACTUAL ADVERTISING DISCOURSE: SOCIAL AND CULTUREL MEANING AND FUNCTIONS
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the theoretical coverage of the actual system of modern humanitarian knowledge of design concepts and advertising discourse. Design theory and the concept of advertising discourse are considered in relation to the area of advertising communications, in terms of design technology. The article also gives definitions of the concepts of "design", "advertising discourse." It is concluded that the application of the theory of design and advertising discourse mastering concepts help to understand the mechanism of transmission of cultural meanings through its own figurative and graphic design tools
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionBased on the analysis of the nature of some flowering test crosses which have been resulted in the hybridization with purposely chosen sterile sources (analyzers), the new self - pollinated lines of maize have been identified according to the content of fertility-restorer genes of ‘C’ type of CMS. Genotype of the line RD 257 - rf4rf4rf5rf5Ff6Rf6 (class II), genotype of the line RD 245 - rf4 rf4 Rf5 Rf5 rf6 rf6 (class III), genotype of the line RD 274 - rf4rf4Rf5Rf5Rf6Rf6 (class V), genotype of the line RD 231 - Rf4Rf4rf5rf5Rf6Rf6 (class VI ) genotype of the line RD 261 - Rf4Rf4Rf5Rf5Rf6Rf6 (class VII). The identification of the content of the alleles of fertility - restorer genes allows forecasting the nature of flowering hybrid progeny resulted in the hybridization with a known genotype. We have created a catalog of self - pollinated lines of maize according to the fertilityrestorer genes, which consists of 18 lines, which have been studied in all the years of research. We have identified the lines belonging to classes I, II, III, V, VI, VII and VIII. During the transfer of maize hybrids on a sterile basis the lines of classes I and VIII are those ones which have been of great interest. The self - pollinated lines KV 204, SP 286 (class I) are the reliable fixers of «C» type of CMS. The progeny resulted in the hybridization with any sterile lines is characterized by complete sterility. The new self - pollinated lines KV 498, KV 272, KV 227, SP 357, RD 261 (class VIII) are constant natural fertility-restorers. They are able to fully restore fertility in hybridization with any sterile lines and in any growing conditions