№ 114(10), December, 2015
Public date: 30.12.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 111, 292 kb
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THE ISSUES OF EQUALIZATION OF GEODETIC CHAIN OF QUADRANGLES
DescriptionThe article examines the development of a planned study on the clearings and roads in built-up and forested areas, as well as for building networks. Most often, it is recommended to use the method without diagonal quadrangles, where in each figure measured all four corners and the length of one of the parties, and in the first and last rectangles – four corners and two sides. The length of the other sides is obtained by computing, previously having leveraged the angles in the quadrilaterals. The disadvantage of this method is the adjustment of such circuits in a simplified manner, namely: the distribution of residuals arising in the augmentation of coordinates fx and fy equally to all augmentation. The article proposes formulas of Gauss for direct angular notches to make the conditional equation of directional angles, deciding which method of least squares, find the amendments to the measured directional angles. Introducing these amendments, I get the coordinates of the desired points of successive angular intersection. As it may be seen from preliminary calculations, the errors resulting from the use of differential corrections in the coordinates are very small and may not have a significant influence on the measurement result
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Description
In this article, we discuss the results of the research of quality characteristics of Russian and foreign rice varieties. Possibility of using data in characterizing germplasm from collection is discussed
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Description
To increase the productivity of the cattle it is demanded simultaneous distribution of all types of animal feed in the form of balanced feed mixture with a given nutritional value. Balanced feeding of animals can improve their productivity, reduce feed wastage, and include alternative components of feed mixtures in their diets, which have nourishing properties and high digestibility; make and adjust feeding rations. Researches conducted by Russian and foreign scientists, proved the prospects of full feeding of complete feed mixtures, which allow to increase the productivity of animals to 9-30 % and reduce the feed consumption in the calculation of 1 с of milk by 7-8 %. The composition of complete feed mixtures includes sunflower cake, silage, root crops and forage. The process of preparation and distribution of feeds for large horned livestock is the issue of all the necessary components of the feed mixture with a given nutritional value. Saturation of the feed product with extra energy goes during its interaction with the working bodies of technical means for preparation and distribution (TMPD) of different types of food. For preparation and distribution of components of the feed mixture it is necessary to have following facilities, provided with reducing energy intensity and improving the qualitative indicators of processes: for grinding beet fodder and sunflower cake we need disk shredders; for shredding silage and roughage – bearnie and rotor shredders, respectively; for dispensing of beet fodder and sunflower cake – belt conveyor, for dispensing silage and roughage we use disc and drum dispensers, respectively; for mixing sunflower cake - rotary mixers, and for silage, beet fodder and for-age we may use paddle mixers; for distribution of sunflower cake we use rotary feeders, for silage and beet fodder – bin distributors, and for coarse feed we should use conveyor dispensers
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe value of the initial material for selection for heterosis is primarily defined by the combining ability in respect to the main economically valuable characteristics. Combining ability with respect to “grain productivity” has been studied among fourteen selfpollinated lines of maize of early ripening and three testers in the system of hybrid combinations. We have proved that weather conditions have an influence on the variability of the estimates of the combining ability. We have identified the new self-pollinated lines of maize SP 165 and SP 175, which are characterized by invariably high evaluations in the effects of GCA (gi) in different years. The new self-pollinated line SP 167 has got high variants of SCA (δ2si). The new lines SP 161, SP 163, SP 167 and SP 174 have been characterized by the variability of the evaluations in the effects of GCA. They are related to the first or second rank in respect of GCA, depending on the year of the conducted evaluation. These are SP 163, SP 164, SP 170, SP 171 and SP 173 that have differed by their variability of the variants of SCA (from the low variants to the high ones). The highly productive testcross hybrids: Madonna M × SP 165 (4.88 t / ha), Madonna M × SP 171 (4.85 t / ha), Madonna M × SP 167 (4.80 t / ha), T 7M × SP 165 (4.78 t / ha) have been obtained based on the self-pollinated lines having invariably high figures of GCA and SCA
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Description
In the article, we consider the problem of ensuring viability of a company in the conditions of innovative development of society. It is shown, that viability of the innovative enterprise can be provided only socially and by ecologically responsible management. On the basis of the analysis of the theory and practice of social and ecological management, the conclusion that controlling as practical implementation of the concept of system business management will allow to provide viability of the enterprise in the conditions of innovative development is drawn. It allowed reducing the considered problem to the solution of three interconnected tasks. First, it is a problem of creation of model of innovative development within the modern theory of economic development. Secondly, this problem of definition and classification of a social organizational unit of independent economic activity, viable in the conditions of innovative development. At last, thirdly, it is a problem of construction within model of innovative development of model of viability of this social organizational unit of independent economic activity necessary here how exactly models of social-andecological controlling. Social-and-ecological controlling acts here as system structural communication which provides possibility of complete overcoming of an initial problem at the complex solution of the specified tasks. Then the problem of definition of a place and the role of the controller and the manager and their system functions necessary for implementation of potential of viability of the enterprise in the conditions of the innovative development put in model of social-andecological controlling is solved
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THE CONCEPT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUDIT AS AN INDEPENDENT FORM OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
DescriptionThis article considers the problem of development of audit activities as a practical view, and the concept of evolution as science. We have summarized the reasons for appearance and existence of audit, which are the following: separation of powers between the management and the owners of economic subjects; there is not confidence from the external interested users to information about the safety of financial statements; it is necessary to obtain the assurance of economic safety as additional factor of stability. There is a detailed interpretation of definition the "audit", considering the current economic realities, from the position of the sphere of scientific knowledge and from the position of practical activities in the part of verification reports by the independent experts and as an element of economic safety of the company and the country. The trend of market development for audit services was defined and aimed for its consolidation. The perspective of development does not connect with the classic audit of accounting reporting, but it connects with development forecasts for the company. The audit should "look into the future" of each client, which must be recorded in an audit report for improving the quality. The author offers a new paradigm of broad understanding of the audit as a form of independent monitoring, which allows to develop and to realize the concept of auditing business that meets the needs of modern society
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10.00.00 Philological sciences
DescriptionContemporary linguistics and discoursology regard means of author’s position expression to be an important part of a science. However, it should be stated that this aspect “author’s position expression” in scientific discourse has not been described in details. This article researches different lexical means of author’s position expression, actualized in different types of discourse: scientific science (based on geological texts). According to quantitative and qualitative data analysis of English and Russian texts, means of author’s position expression depend on directly on functional characteristics of the discourse itself and proper usage of them indicates and the cultural background of the author. Comparing English and Russian texts, the following was revealed: Russian authors pertain to (a) be reserve in expressing his/her own opinion; (b) employ impersonal constructions abundantly; (c) resort to the minimum use of those words expressing his/her personal opinion; (d) overload other author’s citations; and (e) use such follow-up lexical means that encourage the reader to understand the author’s conceptions or notions. The English corpus analysis showed that the authors, comparable to the Russian ones, are more explicit in expressing one’s opinions through pronouns, such as “I” and “we». In this case, the author’s position expression is less straightforward and more “shaded”. Due to the well-defined structure of English scientific texts the authors exclude the possible duplication of one’s opinions by expressing the author’s position on the issue discussed in the article both in the explicit and implicit ways
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThe question of construction of electrodynamics in the framework of the metric theory of gravitation is discussed. It is shown that the energy-momentum tensor of the electromagnetic field creates a space in which Faraday's law of induction is true. In such a space the scalar curvature vanishes identically, although space contains matter in the form of an electromagnetic field. It is proposed to call such space Faraday's magnetic universe as historically Faraday first established experimentally that "empty space is a magnet." We consider the metric of the expanding universe and metrics that describe the local gravitational field in the Newtonian theory. It was established that the field equations in spaces containing matter only in the form of an electromagnetic field in these metrics are reduced to hyperbolic equations describing the propagation of waves at the speed of light. However, in the field containing matter, the field equations are the equations of parabolic type, which describe diffusion or probability waves of Schrödinger quantum theory type. It is assumed that the potentials of the two metrics are connected, as with the potentials of the electromagnetic field, and the potentials of the Yang-Mills theory. Hence, the total output for all interactions law establishing the primacy of the gravitational field as the fundamental interaction, generating other interactions
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MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF RATINGS
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionWhen developing management solutions with the aim of joint consideration and comparison of various factors, partial removal of uncertainty is widely used ratings. In the theory of decisionmaking in almost the same sense, we use the terms "composite index" or "integrated indicator". The article is devoted to the mathematical theory of ratings as tools for studying socio-economic systems. We considered, primarily, linear ratings which is a linear function from a single (private) indicators (factors, criteria), constructed using the coefficients of importance (weightiness, importance). The study discusses the factors affecting the magnitude of the ratings. Three groups of causes affect the value of a line ranking: the ways of measurement of individual indicators, the choice of the set of indicators; the values of the coefficients of importance. We considered binary ratings when the rating takes two values. To compare the proposed rankings we use a new indicator of the quality of diagnostics and prognostic power. Significantly, in many managerial situations, significant differences between objects are identified using any rating. According to the fundamental results of stability theory, the same source data should be processed in several ways. Matching findings, obtained using multiple methods, likely reflect the properties of reality. The difference is the result of a subjective selection method. When using the results of the comparison of objects according to several indicators (criteria ratings), including in dynamics, very useful is the selection of the Pareto set. We discuss the examples of the application of the decision theory, expert evaluations and rankings when developing complex technical systems
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MEMES AS A FORM OF ILLUSTRATION IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION
DescriptionIn our study we attempt to analyze a new form of illustration − the meme that is widely used in science and educational process. To achieve this goal we had to assemble a collection of images to catalog and description in order to understand the new role of the illustrative image. Meme is defined as a unit of cultural information. According to the definition of Wikipedia, a meme can consider any idea, character, manner or way of doing things, consciously or unconsciously transmitted from person to person through speech, video, writing, rituals, drawings, gestures, etc. The term meme and the concept of the meme was proposed by evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in 1976 in his book "the Selfish gene". The article shows illustrative examples of memes based on the artwork and paintings of the great masters of painting, considered the use of created images. It shows the history of illustrative memes and transformation of images in the modern world of science and education. Using memes in scientific work, as a form of illustration, it can be noted that visualization of the object of research allows you to develop visual thinking, which has identified a number of functions: cognitive, communicative, methodological. Cognitive function is manifested in the ability to cognize an object through an image, communicative – explain the problem or task through the image; methodological – to build research with consideration of the peculiarities of the structure and morphology of the object