№ 114(10), December, 2015
Public date: 30.12.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 111, 292 kb
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SOLAR PHOTO-ELECTRIC STATIONS: PROSPECTS, FEATURES OF WORK AND CALCULATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
Description
In the article, the general concepts and the maintenance of total, technical and economic resource of solar power are revealed. The advantages of solar power in comparison with other kinds of energy are resulted. We have shown, that currently the method of direct photoelectric transformation is one of priority directions of reception of solar electric power in the world. It is because it provides the maximal ecological cleanliness of transformation, an opportunity of reception of energy practically in any area, significant service life and small expenses for service. The structure and features of work of solar photo-electric installations were listed as well. The schemes of using photo cells and their voltage and amperes characteristics, lacks of solar photo-electric stations are resulted, basic of which are: high cost of photo-electric converters and presence of accumulators, and we have also offered recommendations on their effective use. The basic analytical expressions for definition of economic efficiency of solar photo-electric stations are resulted. The considered features of the work, the basic characteristics and the parameters of solar photo-electric stations which will allow to increase the efficiency of predesign works on development of the combined (hybrid) stations, generating electric and thermal energy, received from solar radiation
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Description
The article presents the design study for construction of a drainage system on the territory of gardening association «Zarya» in the region of Gukovo in Krasnosulinsky district of Rostov region. Construction of a drainage system is a prerequisite for reducing the groundwater level caused by the infiltration of the drainage complex mine called Burgustinskaya. The results of the calculations determined the value of the total infiltration groundwater feeding; inflow rate to each of the 6 drains per unit length, water flow ability of a horizontal pipe drainage, as well as a diameter of drainage pipes
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QUANTUM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS AND PROBLEMS OF THEIR PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION
Description
The goal of the study is to analyze the existing quantum distribution systems, their probable applications, as well as the issues with their practical implementation
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CHALLENGES AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS OF USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE TRANSPORT OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
Description
Material and technical resources form a large part of the costs in agricultural production and determine the level of intensity of agriculture, productivity and competitiveness of the industry. The most important role in agricultural production is played by transport operation, from productivity and quality of which directly depends the volume and the grade of final products. More preferable is tractor transport, particularly for on-farm transport, taking into account the impact of navigation systems on the ground. Continuous growth in the saturation of tractors carried out around the world, improves the performance of tractor transport aggregate by increasing their capacity and speed, either on the road or in the field. However, if you increase the saturation of tractors, it encounters problems related to the deterioration of the controllability of the tractor and transport unit. The reduced controllability leads to an increase of damage to transported agricultural products owing to increased oscillatory processes in the system of "road – trailer – tractor – operator" when driving on-farm trails, deteriorating the smoothness and braking properties. Especially sharp these questions relate to transportation of easy-to-damage agricultural products at farm transportation. The feature of data traffic lies in the sharp drop in grade products (products receive numerous mechanical damages, deteriorating its quality, and lose marketability and accordingly reduced its cost). Influence on fruit and vegetable products of unfavorable factors can lead not only to a dramatic loss of quality at the time of transportation, but also reduce the resistance during further storage. To solve the problems emerging when increasing the saturation of tractors, we have proposed devices, allowing reducing negative impact on the production of elevated oscillatory processes, to increase the permeability and straightness of movement of tractor-transport unit
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MODERN QUESTIONS OF POTATO HARVESTING EQUIPMENT PERFECTION
Description
Potato is cultivated in 130 countries on an area of over 18 million hectares; it annually gives more than 300 million tons of tubers. The share of the Russian Federation accounts is about 11% ... 14% of total production. The resulting potatoes consumed in food, animal feed, technical purposes, seed fund. According to the Ministry of agriculture of Russia, the largest number of potatoes in our country (89 %) is produced in peasant farms and personal farms of citizens, the area of cultivation of which make up about 2.7 million hectares. At such farms for the harvest, they use mainly potatodiggers, followed by selection of crops manually. The use of diggers in small areas of planting is more costefficiently in relation to the harvesting combine. In addition, the parameters requested for ATT to damage potatoes when harvesting with the diggers (3%) are higher than during harvesting by combine harvester (5%). As practice shows, for the use of cleaning units, even under optimal harvesting conditions in the hopper of the combine, there are soil and vegetable impurities. There are many different devices intended to localize the problem. Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that it is necessary to pay considerable attention to the quality of work of excavating working bodies, because it affects the productivity of the functioning of the whole machine. Currently, there are widespread potato aggregates with the receiving part, equipped with side disks, spaced along the edges of the plowshares. The disks cut off the raised layer of soil from between the rows. This entails improving the performance of the potato harvester. The most efficient and economical from the point of view of energy consumption, is the work of passive disks with hooks. The quality of potato harvesters depends on the design and performance of excavating bodies. The proposed design solution for an excavating body increases the productivity of harvesting machines
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FEATURES OF THE CALCULATION OF DEAD-END CHANNELS FOR THE CASE OF AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Description
In this article we consider the method of hydraulic calculation of dead-end channels with the numerical solutions of differential equations of motion of water. Dead-end channels are of interest for carrying out simulation studies, because they may be used for the simulation of water accounting and water distribution in the domestic inter-farm network. In order to improve management of water supply to consumers in the water distribution sites, in many irrigation systems there is an additional capacity in the form of a regulation pool. The applied method of active control of light distribution is expected to use the existing capacity of irrigation canals with automatic regulators to block the plants. When there is a complete disconnection of water consumers, the volumes in pools of water irrigation channel are redistributed to provide the command area in the water distribution nodes at any given time. This result can be achieved by automatic control of the level changes in individual pools of the channel in order to redistribute the volumes to backup pools of individual. Search and selection of the necessary rule of automatic controls can achieve the following objectives: to implement effective processes and management of water supply regulation in the specified node; maximize the use of volume tail water channels, preventing the threat of overflow channels; minimize the loss of irrigation water discharge
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CALCULATION OF THE UNSTEADY WATER LINE IN THE KRASNODAR SUBURBAN CHANNEL FOR WATER MEASUREMENT
Description
Low level of water accounting and poor control in water distribution in the irrigation system are the main negative factors of industrial influence on irrigated natural complexes. Complex ecosystem way to control water resources involves qualitative improvement and optimization of all parts and elements of irrigation system, from the headwater pool, main channels to local water distribution channels. In this regard, when engineering, constructing, using some new and reconstructed old irrigated systems, the most important problems are the optimization of water use from natural water resources, development and use of highly efficient water-saving and energy-saving technologies of water distribution and water use in the irrigation system. The problem of economical and efficient consumption of water resources on the studied water complex cannot be solved successfully without any related consideration of water accounting and water consumption questions based on system principles. System principles are supposed to collect, analyze and use the information, with the help of complex technical means, which are used for water measurement in conditions of water charges, and for the purpose to control the technological processes of water supply and water drainage, when the needs of water users are satisfied and the environment get less damage. In the work, we study the mathematical calculation of the unsteady water line in the Krasnodar suburban channel for water measurement. The imitated research of hydraulic processes were carried out on the mathematical model of water measurement, based on the characteristic methods, with the use of analytical solution of ordinary differential equations of the initial characteristics. The use of the considered method of water measurement in irrigation channels with the use of analytical solution of ordinary differential equations of initial characteristics will allow to optimize the processes of water measurement and to minimize idle and non-technological discharges of water from the system
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
COMPATIBILITY OF VARIOUS DOSES OF ECOVENTURA AND LIMESTONE IN FEEDING OF REPLACEMENT YOUNG DUCKS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The research is aimed at studying the compatibility of different doses of ecoventura (TU 9283-199- 10514645-13) and limestone in the diets of rearing of ducks of "Blagovarsky" cross and the impact on productive performance. As a result of scientific and economic experience obtained data on the dynamics of live weight in groups of rearing ducks indicate that ecomentors in combination with limestone have a growth promoting effect and a positive effect on the growth of ducklings. Best growth depending on dose administration of ecoventura and limestone in feed composition had a rearing ducks III (ecomentors (1,0%) + limestone (3,0%) by weight of the feed) and IV experimental groups (ecomentors (1,0%) + limestone (3,5%) by weight of the feed). The results of the study measurements (body length, keel length, breast width, chest girth, chest depth) and indices stature (massiveness, the meat content, arizonia), which were higher in males and females when fed with mixed fodder with the introduction of ecoventura and limestone in an amount of 1.0 and 3.5% respectively. Introduction to feed composition of ecoventura and limestone in an amount of 1.0 and 3.5%, respectively had a positive impact on exterior indicators of rearing ducks
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INFLUENCE OF PROTECTIVE COATINGS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ONION CROPS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The influence of protective coatings on changes in the biological characteristics of quality, germination, plant growth and development of the onion crop quantitative loss of garlic was investigated for the first time. The objects of research were winter garlic called Tien Shan and onion of Allan variety. Water solutions of polyvinyl alcohol PWS-5, paraffin coating Р, paraffin-cerezin composition PK-1 were studied as a protective coatings. Coating onions and chives before planting them in the ground delay germination, respectively at 1 and 2 weeks. Then, protective coatings act as growth stimulants. The greatest increase in green mass of garlic for 3 months (almost 2 times) compared to the control (uncoated) prepared using the hydrophobic coating РK-1. РK-1 increases the yield of garlic and onions in 1.5 times, and the seeds of onions in 1.3 times. It is recommended before planting onions to cover onions the PK-1 in order to prevent his fall germination and receive further large bulbs weighing 130-131 g. Carbohydrates, starch, vitamin C, and life-giving moisture garlic, it is best stored in a РK-1 coated serve after planting in soil more efficient power plant. As a result, such plant grows better, develops and gives higher yields
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ILLUVIAL PROCESSES AS A FACTOR OF WATER EROSION IN IRRIGATED SOILS OF THE ZAVOLZHUE REGION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article considers one of the types of water erosion – illuvial process, the redistribution of dispersed particles in the soil profile due to irrigation. The proposed description of the process of moving silt particles in the soil profile is based on the theory of viscose-plastic continuum motion
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