№ 120(6), June, 2016
Public date: 30.06.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 112, 299 kb
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HARDENING AND SOFTENING OF CLAY SOIL
DescriptionHardening of clay soil manifests in the form of increase of the resistance of sample to shear deformation. The shear tests of normally compacted and overcompacted soils give values of peak strength at small strains and long-term strength at high. A shear test with constant strain rate of deformation (CRD) with continuous recording of resistance encounters uneven resistance change and the cyclical rate of change of resistance (RCR). The identification of cycles of the SIS allowed us to divide the deformation in each cycle for elastic and inelastic, corresponding to the ascending and descending branches of cycle. On an interval of the total resistance, the increases of the increment of inelastic strain are positive up to some critical value of the total deformation of the sample at which their sum reaches a maximum. This maximum is adopted as a measure of hardening. With further shearing of the sample, inelastic increments are negative, and their sum is monotonously decreases and reaches negative values for the total destruction of the sample. This value is taken as the softening. A symptom of total failure of the sample is the decline of absolute values of inelastic increments of resistance to zero. In general, the trend of the increments of inelastic and elastic increments of the resistance of the sample indicates the development of the destruction of the soil sample on the sliding surfaces and, in particular, yielding of the total surface. The sum of elastic increments of the resistance monotonically increases throughout the shear
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REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION (POTATO EXAMPLE)
DescriptionIn recent years, in many countries around the world, much attention is paid to the issues of ensuring of rational use of energy resources, due to a number of objective factors, chief among which are: the lack of own energy resources to meet domestic energy needs; the sharp increase in the cost of production and the production of energy resources; further growth in energy needs; the presence of large potential opportunities to reduce unproductive losses of fuel and energy. In the world, the challenge now is to ensure a gradual but steady transfer of the economy on energy saving way of development. To achieve the goal of reducing energy costs we might use two ways: firstly, the widespread introduction of energy saving technologies, and secondly, the reduction of material production, improving its quality and service. In agriculture, the improvement of the technological process can be carried out using new tillage methods, improving the organization of production and tools. Further development of mechanization in agriculture will contribute to further growth of electrification in the agricultural sector, which will significantly reduce the use of the most expensive and limited energy resources. The article offers a technique of the estimation of the efficiency of consumption of energy in agricultural production. In order to compare the efficiency of machines in the cultivation and harvesting of potatoes, there was conducted an energy assessment of the operations of modern technology. As variables, there were investigated different operation modes of the machine: working speed and working width, depth of stroke of the working bodies. In the process of evaluating energy operations, modern technology to prepare the soil for planting potatoes was determined humidity, mechanical composition and soil type. As a main factor in the analysis of technological methods, we have taken the overall specific energy consumption and specific energy consumption for the digging below tuber formation. Analysis of theoretical researches of agricultural machinery has led to the conclusion that the energy cost of implementing the technological process in the machines of different designs varies
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TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICES OF DOMESTIC AND IMPORTED DISC HARROWS
DescriptionThe creation of better conditions for the cultivation of plants is carried out by means of mechanical impact on the soil working bodies of machines and tools, that is, the so-called tillage. Its importance in the conditions of intensive agriculture cannot be overemphasized. The use of each scientifically based crop rotation system of soil tillage is a necessary condition for further growth of crop yields and improve soil fertility. Tillage determines the processes of reproduction, fertility regulation soil modes, degradation processes and soil conservation. Important and how self-administration in the system of minimum tillage, and in addition to the deeper treatment of soil under traditional agricultural technologies is superficial and shallow tillage. Disc harrows are the most applied machine for the implementation of surface and shallow soil treatment, performing a loosening of topsoil, leveling the field surface, the destruction of soil crust, crumbling lumps of soil, weeding, seeding and fertilizer. This article describes the design features of domestic and foreign disc harrows. We have given their technical characteristics, and consider the operational and technological parameters
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HEAT AND AIR MODES OF AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURES
DescriptionIn this article, there are descriptions of ventilation systems of municipal and industrial buildings. We consider the scheme of natural ventilation and ventilation with mechanical drive. In agriculture production, processes accompanied by the releasing into the air of premises various harmful substances: gases and vapors, excess of heat and moisture. The source of the fumes and gases are various technological processes. People, animals and birds in the premises, release carbon dioxide and other gases. Sources of heat gain are the people, animals and birds, solar radiation, production equipment and so on. For optimization of parameters of the air environment, satisfying the hygienic requirements, need to install ventilation. The ventilation system – it is a set of devices for handling, transportation, supply and removal of air. The advantage of this article is the systematization of ventilation systems of production premises. We have identified the main flows of indoor air and placement of exhaust shafts. Greatest interest are the systems operating year-round or during the heat period and exhaust systems equipped with control devices in the form of a throttle valves or gate valves and a device for cleaning the air. We give sufficient attention to the thermal regime of premises, heat losses and heat gain through protecting designs. We indicated that a significant effect on the thermal state of premises might be provided by humidity level of fences, as well as potential of heat and moisture transfer
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M. ELIZAROV AS A CREATIVE PERSONALITY: ASPECTS OF CRITICAL REFLECTION AND SELF-IDENTIFICATION
10.00.00 Philological sciences
DescriptionThe peculiarities of the author strategies by Mikhail Elizarov are analyzed in the article. His works "balance" on the verge of postmodernist and realistic practice. The author's prose has received mixed reviews in the critique that’s why to reveal its aesthetic component, problem and poetological levels is an actual problem of the philological science, which is aimed to recreate a complete picture of the morden literary process. An analytical review of the works which reveals stylistic features of M. Elizarov's prose is given as well as the analysis of the author's interview concerning the artistic conception of works that indicate the representative specific of his artistic worldview. The latter is associated with the project of the «new realism» which was declared in the beginning of the XXI century. The need to display the word «changes» and «faults» of the age to simulate image of the hero «of its time» is an artistic problem which is solved by adherents of the «new» literature, with all sincerity, and often with peremptoriness of the ideological evaluations. «New realist» Zakhar Prilepin definitely sees Mikhail Elizarov as ally and like-minded person in its implementation. The objectivity of this statement is not in the «generational», the agerelated community but in a deep interest in the man's fate, the history of his personality and desire to «write» on the background of its changeable, controversial and, at times, tragic reality
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Description
The article considers the stages of the passage of the project in the organization. Decision support system facilitates the work of heads of enterprises and enhance its effectiveness. The organization has a system of registration applications, which contains the information about the project, its description, the terms of development, the developer (or development team) and stages of this project. Using the software package, the customer leaves the application to provide services. Head sends a request to the appropriate division. Departments, in turn, transmit information about the status of implementation of the application through a software package. The software package enables fast two-way remote communication in electronic form between the customer and the head, and between the director and divisions. The organization coordinating the work on the implementation of IT-projects by the head and the head of the sector. But there are some human factors, through which people can not keep up with the timely implementation of all tasks given by subordinates. Developed DSS helps to save time in monitoring the project development phase, will eliminate the human factor in monitoring the success of the project, and will assist in the decision-making in cases of force majeure. Development of an IT project consists of several stages, each of which has the ability to give interest characteristic of the total time spent on the project. Supervisor carries out the decomposition of the problem and evaluation of each stage
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MEANS OF SHAPING AND FORMSERIALIZE IN MODERN FUR CLOTHES
DescriptionIn the article, we perform an analysis of the means of shaping and formserialize in fur clothes taken in the production of domestic and foreign fur companies. The spatial form of fur garments is solved, in the main, constructive. The type, direction and amount of articulation were determined by the design of the product and the properties of the fur: the height of the hairline, the size of fur semi-finished product. The proposed positioning of the shaping of articulation in fur clothes has to be performed in the environment of 3D CAD. It is established that in modern models of the silhouette of a fur product may be formed not only by design divisions but also by a combination of the product of different types of fur. We have performed studies on the use of funds of formation in models of industrial collections fur coat 2015-16 presented on the trading spots of Moscow. We have conducted a monitoring of consumer preferences on the types of fur among women and determined the causes of loss of fur, clothing of spatial forms under adverse conditions of wearing. We have also proposed innovative means of formserialize in a fur garment of solid and perforated fur
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THE METHOD FOR CONTROLLING POTATO TUBERS HIDDEN DAMAGES
DescriptionWhile mechanical harvesting of potatoes, about 20-40% of the tubers get damages. Dynamic loads, injuries of the tubers, causing internal damage – which is browning of the flesh of the tuber, which occurs in the process of its storage. At the same time, ways to express control of damage to potato tubers will allow both reducing damage during harvest, and promptly sending damaged potatoes for recycling before the results of mechanical stress for the tubers during harvesting. The definition of internal damage to the potatoes is possible because of the analysis of the different elasticity of the tissues of damaged and undamaged tubers. The value of overpressure of the device is chosen such way that during deformation of tubers there mainly has been compression of the damaged tissues of the tuber, with the least turgor. The degree of damage of samples of tubers is determined by the ratio of the volume of damaged tissues of tubers to the total volume of the sample. We have given the mechanical properties of tissues of tubers, fruits and root vegetables, their structure, dimensional characteristics, it can be assumed that the use of this method of determining internal damage possible for apples, carrots, beets and harvest of other crops. Use of damage control will enable timely identification of hidden damage and make it possible to eliminate their causes, which lead to increase loss products
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SPECIFICITY OF TRILON B INFLUENCE ON THE GERMINATION OF SEEDS OF VARIETIES OF WINTER BARLEY
DescriptionThe problem of increasing resistance of winter barley to adverse conditions of winter is the most problem in the selection area of this crop. The main component of this complex trait is the frost resistance. Laboratory methods of assessment of frost resistance are important for breeding of winter barley. These methods can effectively replace more costly method of direct freezing in the freezers. Magnesium cations (Mg++) are essential components of the protein-synthesizing system of germinating seeds. Magnesium cations determine the stability and translational activity of mRNA and rRNA. Trilon B is usually used for in vitro banding of magnesium cations in area of biochemistry of the nucleic acids. It was very interesting to verify the Trilon B influence to seed germination of winter barley varieties by experiment. Experiments showed: actinomycin D – the inhibitor of RNA synthesis – didn’t show varieties specific effect to seed growth of winter barley, while Trilon B had a varieties specific impact to length coleoptiles and roots. Research was carried out on etiolated seedlings at temperatures from 22 to 28oC, and different concentrations of Trilon B - 1,6×10-3М, 2,4×10-3М and 3,2×10-3М. The roots of 3-days old seedlings were more sensitive to Trilon B influence. It is shown the varieties of Russian origin were naturally reacted to Trilon B: the higher the frost resistance of variety, the more resistant variety to the action of various concentrations of Trilon B at different temperatures. The most optimum concentration was 3,2 × 10-3М at 22-25oC. Varieties by foreign origin deviated from this pattern. It is interesting to research the genetic essence of these differences. It will be helpful for optimization of varieties differentiation conditions to create a laboratory method of estimate of frost resistance of winter barley. The new method will be most efficient compared the direct freezing method
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MODERN MODELS AND METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS OF METHODOLOGY COMPETENT TEACHERS
DescriptionThe purpose of the research is development of models and methods of diagnostics of methodical competence of a teacher. According to modern views, methodical thinking is the key competence of teachers. Modern experts consider the methodical competence of a teacher as a personal and professional quality, which is a fundamentally important factor in the success of the professional activity of teachers, as well as a subsystem of its professional competence. This is due to the fact that in today's world, a high level of knowledge of teachers of academic subjects and their possessing of learnt basics of teaching methods can not fully describe the level of professional competence of the teacher. The authors have characterized the functional components of methodical competence of the teacher, its relationship with other personalprofessional qualities (first - to the psychological and educational, research and informational competence), as well as its levels of formation. Forming a model of methodical competence of the teacher, the authors proceeded from the fact that a contemporary teacher high demands: it must be ready to conduct independent research, design-learning technologies, forecasting results of training and education of students. As a leading component of the methodical competence of the teacher is his personal experience in methodological activities and requirements of methodical competence determined goals and objectives of methodical activity, the process of the present study, the formation of patterns of methodical competence of the teacher preceded the refinement of existing models methodical activity of scientific and pedagogical staff of higher education institutions and secondary vocational education institutions. The proposed model of methodical competence of the teacher - the scientific basis of a system of monitoring of his personal and professional development, and evaluation criteria and levels of her diagnosis - targets system of vocational training and re-training of high school teachers. Innovation policy is a model of methodical competence of the teacher, and the main model of the mechanism of its formation - methodical activity (in close connection with other activities). Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodical literature and best practice methodological activities in educational institutions, modeling, methods of the theory of sets and relations, methods of quality control, methods of multivariate analysis systems. Methodological bases of research: a systematic, qualimetric, competence and process approaches. The work was performed as part of research projects "Monitoring of the research activities of educational institutions in the information society" (№ 16-03-00382) and "Modern information and educational environment" (16-36-00048) with the financial support of the Russian Humanitarian Foundation from 17.03. 2016