№ 157(3), March, 2020
Public date: 31.03.2020
Archive of journal: Articles count 29, 98 kb
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Description
The article provides a convincing argument for the preference of wool and fur products over artificial and synthetic textile fibers. It is noted that artificial fibers and synthetics have negative ionization, while natural wool has positive ionization. It is emphasized that negative ionization is far from harmless to humans. The analysis of the state of sheep breeding in the Russian Federation is given and this industry in the Rostov region is characterized against this background. The data on the number and productivity of sheep of the main age and sex groups, the production of young animals per one hundred ewes are presented. The characteristic of tribal resources of the country and region is given. The breeding base of the industry in the Russian Federation is represented by 205 breeding organizations, including 3 breeding and genetic centers, 44 breeding plants, 145 breeding reproducers and 13 gene pool farms, which contain 1389.8 thousand sheep (39.0 % of their total number in agricultural organizations and 6.6 % of the sheep population in farms of all categories), including 904.7 thousand Queens (35.0 and 6.2%, respectively). The breeding base of the Rostov region has eleven farms, of which 6 breeding plants for such breeds as the Soviet Merino and salskaya and 5 breeding reproducers. In addition to these breed resources, there are breeding reproducers for the qigai and edilbaev breeds in the region. Total number of breeding sheep in the region is almost 44 thousand. The article indicates main problems in the development of the industry and ways and means to solve them
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Description
The aim of the following research is the studying of the efficacy in probiotic drug Probiolact (0.5% and 1.0%) usage, being in combination with Milkshake supplement. The given complex mixture is meant for medicative-phylactic purposes focused on the reduction of young ones death rate owing to gastro – intestinal diseases when neo-natal period. It is specified that the above-mentioned mixture affects the livestock indices. Thus, the average growth of baseline for the period of 30 days experimenting has been 7.4 kg, whereas in 2 tested groups it accounted for 10.3 kg and 11.6 kg, consequently. Therefore, the best possible daily phylactic doze of Probiolact (1%) and Milkshake mixture demonstrates the positive effect on the pro-cess of bifido- and lactoflora formation in calves’ intestinal tract due to normal flora cells quantity increase. With that, intestinal tract contamination level of disease-producing flora gets lower, and the natural resistance of cell-mediated immunity grows. Thus, two major problems of factory farming (i.e. the reduction of young death rate and surplus guarantee) can be solved with giving calves the mixture to drink, along with the first portions of colostrum, and during the following 30 days
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06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
SPIKE PRODUCTIVITY IMPLEMENTATION IN COLLECTION SAMPLES OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT
06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe work is devoted to studying the productivity of an ear of winter soft wheat samples from the collection of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov (VIR). The study attempted to conduct a pre-selection study of collection material on the elements of spike productivity. The concept of pre-selection research is based on the study of initial collection material according to given characteristics in order to identify the best genotypes for further use in breeding practice. In the analysis of the collection material, the following characteristics were used as indicators of spike productivity: length of the main spike (cm), number of spikelets in the main spike (pcs), number of grains in the main spike (pcs), grain weight from the main spike (g), 1000-kernel weight (g). Plant height was one of the basic indicators of the studied material, because a number of samples differed in alleles of short-stem genes. According to the results of two years of research, according to the indicator «1000-kernel weight», the varietal sample Cologna lunga razza 188 (Italy) was identified as 71,20 g. According to the indicator «number of grains in an ear», the varietal sample Fenotipo 1 (Italy) was 57,3 g. Also according to the totality of indicators, the varietal sample Kaloyan (Bulgaria) with an average of two years of research with a 1000-kernel weight – 51,77 g, the number of grains in an ear – 51,6 pcs. and a mass of grains per ear – 2,71 g.
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06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe review article describes the role of tomato gene mutations in the creation of new cultivars and hybrids suitable for mechanized harvesting. The work gives characteristic of different genes associated with morphological characteristics of tomato plants, types of fruit (flower) brush and peduncle. The genes controlling the shape and size of the fruit, its resistance to cracking and mechanical effects are noted, the value of these genes for the breeding of machine cultivars and hybrids is shown. The article emphasizes the need to create new cultivars and hybrids of tomato suitable for mechanized harvesting with high quality fruits, evenly colored, without green spots at the base, corresponding to the basic requirements of the processing industry. The figures illustrate gene mutants that are of the greatest interest for the breeding of cultivars, suitable for mechanized harvesting
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SOWING AND CROP PROPERTIES OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT SEEDS DEPENDING ON THE REPRODUCTION ZONE
06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of studying the influence of the reproduction zone on the sowing and yield quality of seeds of wheat varieties of soft winter selection of the NPC named after P. P. Lukyanenko. From the sowing qualities regulated by the state standard of the Russian Federation, the following indicators were studied in the experiment: viability ( % ) and weight of 1000 seeds (g). The P-1 seeds obtained in the NPC were sown in different agro-climatic zones of the region in the optimal time with the same seeding rate of 250 seeds/m2. The obtained seed material was supplied for the study of sowing qualities and yielding properties of learning in the nursery ground control. The yield quality of seeds significantly differed depending on the area of their production in the previous year. According to the results of four years of research, the seeds of varieties obtained in the Northern zone of the region had higher sowing qualities compared to seeds from other agro-climatic zones. The average seed viability for four years in the Tanya variety was 97.6%, in the Yuka variety-97.7% and in the Grom variety-98.0%. The largest mass of 1000 seeds was also observed in the studied varieties from the Northern zone of the region. Consequently, a more complete realization of the potential of the three studied varieties was also observed in the Northern zone of the region
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06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of the study of pollen grains in different types and varieties of wheat and triticale selection by "National Grain Centre named after P.P. Lukyanenko". The varieties of winter soft wheat in the experiment were ranked by the length of the growing season, the height of plants and the level of frost resistance. In the analysis of the source material, the following characteristics were used as indicators: the shape, color, and size of pollen grains. In the course of research, no differences in shape and color were found, they differed only in size. According to the results of two years of study, it was found that the pollen of winter and spring triticale is much larger than that of various types of wheat. In ultra-ripe varieties, pollen grains are smaller (66.2 microns) than in varieties of other maturity groups. Semi-dwarf varieties (with two Rht dwarfism genes) form the largest pollen (70.1 microns).Winter wheat varieties with high frost resistance produce the smallest pollen grains
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
MICROBIAL ASSOCIATIONS OF BIOHUMUS AND HUMIC SUBSTANCES DERIVED FROM LIVESTOCK WASTE
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of the study of microbiological composition of biohumus and humic substances obtained by fermentation method according to the technology developed by the authors. The problem of processing livestock wastes is caused on the one hand by the occurrence of large volumes of them, and on the other hand by the addition of such important elements as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., which can be used as bioelements. The goal of research was to develop a technology for the production of humic compounds from biohumus and to study the microbial communities that occur in them. Results of researches showed that for biohumus with high content of humic substances, bovine manure must be composted with chopped straw at the ratio of 8:1. Biocomposting of manure and crushed straw using the developed technology enables to obtain biohumus containing humic substances of 20 g/l. Among the physiological groups of biohumus microorganisms, the most numerous groups are aminoautotrophies and ammonifiers - 231.6×106 and 130.33×106 CFU/g, respectively. At the same time the grouping of cellulose-decomposer actinomycetes in biohumus was quite numerous and amounted to 0.93×103 CFU/g.
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CORN DEPENDING ON THE DENSE OF THE STATION OF PLANTS AND SEED DRILLER
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article gives an overview of the results of a study of the growth and development of corn in the conditions of the Northern zone of the Krasnodar region depending on the density of plant standing and seed treatment. The object of the research was an early-ripe hybrid of Ross 199 corn. Two factors were studied in the experiment: factor A - plant stand density (60, 70 and 80 thousand units / ha), factor B - seed dresser (Maxim XL (k) and Maxim Quatro). The subject of research is included in the thematic plan of scientific research of the Department of General and Irrigated Agriculture of KubSAU. The total area of the plot is 1008 m2, the accounting area is 672 m2. The number of rows in the plot is only 8, including accounting - 4. plots The plots are placed systematically. Repeating: 3-fold. The predecessor is winter cereal crops (wheat). The counts and observations in the experiment were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The studies have established that the duration of the interphase and vegetation periods of corn plants depended on the density of plant standing, and with the thickening of crops, it decreased, and protectants did not affect this indicator. In all phases of determination, the maximum height of corn plants was noted with a plant standing density of 80 thousand units / ha. The studied dressers Maxim XL and Maxim Quattro had practically no effect on height. The diameter of the second internode decreased with thickening of the crop
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IMPROVING THE CHEMICAL METHOD OF CONTROLLING WEEDS ON SUNFLOWER
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionCurrently, there is no effective chemical protection of sunflower crops against dicotyledonous weeds during the growing season of the crop, except for systems that provide for the use of herbicides called Evro-Laiting, Zonator or Express. The disadvantage of these systems is the limited composition of cultivated sunflower hybrids and high costs. The article presents a research on the development of an effective system of chemical protection of sunflower crops against dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds during the growing season of the crop. The greatest effect in the suppression of weeds in sunflower crops was observed by application of the herbicides Goal 2E and Senator on the germination of crop. In these versions of the experiment, the highest seed yield and oil harvest are also noted. However, the use of the Zonator is limited only to drug-resistant sunflower hybrids. The use of the herbicide Goal 2E is possible on any varieties and hybrids of sunflower. Despite the damage to the first two real sunflower leaves when using the herbicide Goal 2E for vegetation, the plants are fully restored, which does not significantly affect the productivity of the crop. The proposed schemes for using herbicides can improve the technological and economic efficiency of controlling monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds in sunflower crops
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PERSPECTIVE STRAWBERRY VARIETIES FOR INDUSTRIAL GROWING IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionWe have studied 17 strawberry varieties due to their economically valuable traits: the number of berries (pcs per plant), average fruit weight (g), biological yield (g per plant), firmness of fruit (g). Among the studied varieties is 6 - Honeoye, Alba, Belrubi, Asia, Nelli, Bogota are zoned varieties; 3 - Djeni, Elegia, Kemia is a new varieties of local selection and 8 an introduced varieties from the EU - Joly, Onda, Galia, Vivaldi, Rumba, Florence, Alina, Molling Opal. The purpose of the work is to identify the strawberry varieties which are promising for industrial production in the south of Russia among new strawberry varieties of local selection and introduced varieties. Based on two-factorial analysis of variance according to 2018-2019 studies there were revealed significant differences between the genotypes of varieties for all studied parameters. It is shown that the greatest differences in the variability of traits are observed by the “year” factor. The varieties were ranked according to the values of the smallest significant difference for each individual trait. In accordance with the results of the cluster analysis on a complex of traits we have identified strawberry varieties which are showing the prospect for industrial cultivation. In the new varieties of strawberries as Joly, Vivaldi and Rumba the values of yield and quality of berries are comparable to the best zoned varieties, such as Nelli, Asia and Bogota