06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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UVOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF RED WINE VARIETIES IN TAMAN
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article contains the results the study of the mechanical composition of clusters and biochemical characteristics of the red wine grape varieties of Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc and Merlot (regionalized), Cabernet Carbon, Cabernet Kortis and Verdot black (introduced). In terms of the structure of the cluster of the variety they can be divided into three groups: Cabernet Kortis and Cabernet Sauvignon (16,6-16,8), Cabernet Carbon, Cabernet Franc and Verdot Black (17,5-17,9), Merlot (19.9 ). In terms of addition of the variety they can be divided into four groups: Cabernet Franc (6.3), Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot (4.9-5.0), Cabernet Carbon (4.3), Verdot Black and Cabernet Kortis (3, 7-3,4). Structural parameters of the clusters of the varieties we have studied were ranged from 5.1 to 5.6, and the berry from 64.3 to 74. The yield of the wort from Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc and Merlot is equal to 75,1-77,7% from Cabernet Carbon, Cabernet Kortis and Verdot Black - 70,5-72%. Mass concentration of sugars in the studied varieties was in the range of 22,3-26 g / 100 cm3, titrated acids - 0,47-0,77 g / 100 cm3, active acidity - 3.1-3.8. The ratio of fructose to glucose was: Verdot Black - 1.2, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Carbon - 1.5, Cabernet Kortis - 1.8, Kabernet Franc - 2.8, Merlot - 3.2. Most ranged organic acid in all varieties – wine acide. Relation of the content of tartaric and wine acids in varieties amounted: Cabernet Kortis 7: 1, Cabernet Karbon 6: 1, Cabernet Franc 2.8: 1, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot 2: 1, Verdot Black 1,4-1. Mass concentration of cations in the varieties was (in mg / dm3): potassium - 816,4-1770, sodium - 13,03-21,31, magnesium - 76,21-106, calcium - 52,24-89,45. In comparison with Cabernet Sauvignon larger potassium cations had Cabernet Franc and Merlot, sodium cations - Cabernet Carbon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, magnesium cations - Cabernet Carbon, Kortis, Cabernet, Merlot, calcium cations - Cabernet Kortis, Merlot and Cabernet Carbon
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article contains information about landscape architecture analysis of the cities, its methodology and an example of using of this approach on the part of the Red Line touristic rote in Yekaterinburg. Analysis process included counting of ratio of built-up areas, landscaping and roads, and examination of the street transvers profile with further filling of local landscape passports. As the object of study, the part of route between the opera and ballet theatre and the monument of V. Vysotsky and M. Vlady. Here is noticeable contrast between environmental characteristics of stopping point areas. The site around the theatre has enough quantity of landscaping, good compositional solution, well developed path network. The intermediate part of the route passing by Krasnoarmeyskaya st. has asymmetric shape of the transvers profile. The street landscaped on East side but public services on the opposite side not improved – homogeneous facade creates adverse visual field here. A sidewalk on the East part of the street duplicated with a path in a garden. Analyzed zone around the second point has no single composition, high traffic influence level. Landscaping almost not presented here, varied advertising constructions widely installed. For improve environment, developed a list of recommendations. It contain using of container plants to separate pedestrian area; reconstruction of the East part of Krasnoarmeyskaya st. with replace sidewalk for green hedge; repair or replacement of sidewalk asphalt pavement on the West side of the street; reconstruction of area near the Antey business-center with creating greened dividing line
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThere were cited the results of researches for 2010-2012 obtained in the stationary experiment of the chair of general and irrigated land management of Kuban State Agrarian University on the study of influence of the system of main soil processing under soya beans on the dynamics of main agrophysical indexes of leached black soil: on density of composition, solidity, general porosity, coefficient of structural properties in the article. There was stated that in the beginning of vegetation on the background of direct sowing of soya beans, the soil layer in 0-30 cm was characterized by values of density and solidity and in the result of it we observed the weak development of the root system. The worsening of air regime led to the decrease of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, it negatively affected on the growth and development of a cultivar. Agrophysical indexes brought nearer to optimal on variants with disposal tip on 20-22 cm and disk-shaped hulling on 8-10 cm. The worsening of investigated agrophysical soil indexes has been happened since the phase of florescence – soya bean formation till the harvesting. But the variant with disposal tip where we observed the high content of agronomically valuable fraction at the coefficient of structural property 2,42 was the closest to optimal ones. The minimization of soil treatment and especially the denial from its implementation significantly made worse the main agrophysical indexes of soil on variants with direct sowing to critical values for soya beans
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThis article presents the possibilities of using organic fertilizers, which allow you to recharge grape raw material with biologically active substances and improve the nutritional value of wine production. The influence of organic fertilizers on activation of process for detoxification of soil toxic compounds has been measured, ensuring food safety of raw materials for the production of grape wine products by reducing of hazardous chemicals. The use of biotechnology preserves and also enhances the uniqueness and diversity of the chemical composition of the grape raw material. We have established that after the four-year application of biotechnology the content of toxic compounds in grape raw material was reduced by 7%, and the concentration of biologically active substances increased in 1,5-2% times in comparison with the production of commercial plantations
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UTILIZATION OF THE WORLD TOBACCO COLLECTION’S GENETIC RESOURCES FOR BREEDING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionTobacco collection of All-Russian research institute of tobacco, makhorka and tobacco products is unique and only in the world because of its quantity and composition. It has 4500 foreign and national sorts of tobacco, Nicotiana Rustica and wild species of Nicotiana variety from 70 countries around the world. According to sort breeding aims, compliant with agricultural demands for 20 year period (1994-2014), 15 000 sorts of tobacco, Nicotiana Rustica and wild species of Nicotiana variety were analyzed. 820 donor sorts with valuable properties were defined and the best of them were involved in breeding process. During national selection history on the base of institute’s world tobacco collection over 180 sorts and hybrids of tobacco were created by our breeders. In recent years the interest from farmers and other small plant growers in tobacco production is constantly raising. As some of them are from northern non-traditional for Russia tobacco growing regions there is necessity for more intense utilization of the world collection’s genetic resources
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article discusses the influence of conventional technology and the technology of direct seeding at different doses of mineral fertilizers on the growth, development, productivity and economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation on the leached black soil of the Central Caucasus. It is established that the cultivation of winter wheat without tillage its vegetative mass, leaf area and the efficiency of the assimilation apparatus is significantly less than for sowing the traditional tillage technology recommended by scientific institutions in the region. It is caused by excessive seal of leached black soil, which was used in the study. Such a density of addition of black soils adversely affects the growth, development and yield of crops. As a result, the yield of winter wheat on the technology of direct seeding without fertilizers was 2.46 t / ha, which was significantly lower than for conventional technology, which received 3.21 t / ha. Adding fertilizers increased crop yield for both technologies, but it was significantly higher on the traditional technology. Despite the decline in production costs for the cultivation of winter wheat without tillage, higher profits and profitability were obtained using traditional technology
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the results of diagnosis of soybean plants with sulfur, molybdenum and boron in a Western Ciscaucasia on leached chernozem (black soil). The soil testing has shown that the availability of sulfur in the experimental plots is low (2,10-7,02 mg / kg), molybdenum - average (0,20-0,28 mg / kg), boron - low to high (0, 22-0,63 mg / kg). The sulfur content was optimal in 2013 (2309 mg / kg), molybdenum - 2013 and 2014 (1.11 and 0.94 mg / kg) and the boron content was high (65,2-94, 1 mg / kg) in soybean plants. The soybean plants needed sulfur fertilizer in 2012 and 2014, molybdenum - in 2014, and boron fertilizers are not needed, according to the functional diagnosis. The results of various methods of diagnosis coincided with the response of soybean plants for foliar application: sulfur fertilizer increases the yield in 2012 and 2014 by 7.1 and 8.9 %, molybdenum also in 2012 and 2014 - by 6.0 and 10.0 %. Boron fertilizers in 2014 increased soybean yields (17.1%), despite the lack of need for soybean plants in Bor. So, the method of functional diagnostics is more accurate than chemical soil and plant diagnostics
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BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT SORTS OF HUMIC COMPLEX AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE GROWTH OF PLANTS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article represents the results of the experiments on biological activity of humits of different sorts. The object of research was humic preparation called Vermistar, which was obtained by vermiculturing, on the basis of brown coal. Humics are group of high-molecular substances which have high physiological activity. Humic substances stimulate all biochemical processes on all the stages of plant growth. They change the permeability of the cell membranes, increase activity of ferments, amount of chlorophyll and productivity of photosynthesis. Also humits are not toxic; they don’t have carcinogen and mutagenic effects, so we have a chance of getting environmentally friendly products. The experiment results show high biological activity of humic preparations. Usage of humic stimulates germination, the accumulation of vegetative mass, weight gain. The frequency of shoot has been increased by 17-32%. Height of shoots, roots and vegetative mass has also been increased
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the results of the studies on the effect of the processing of grape variety Saperavi with a growth regulator called Vimpel with water soluble and foliar fertilizers of new generation - Nutrivant plus and Kelik potassium silicon, both in pure form and in a tank mixture. Processing of bushes was performed three times: after flowering, growth phase of berries (berry of a pea), the beginning of ripening berries. We used Vimpel drug and foliar fertilizers such as Nutrivant plus and Kelik potassium-silicon, both in pure form and in conjunction with Vimpel; it led to a significant increase in weight of the bunch, bush crop and planting yields. The smallest yield increase was provided by Vimpel. However, the combined use of this drug on a background of Kelik silicon- potassium foliar fertilizer and Nutrivant plus led to a greater increase in yield from the bush than when used fertilizers only. Processing of bushes by Vimpel in combination with a foliar application of Kelik potassium-silicon not only led to a significant increase in crop yields from the bush and plantations, but in two cases of the three it contributed to a significant increase of the mass concentration of sugars in the juice of berries. Using Vimpel, together with Nutrivant plus foliar application for two years out of three promoted maximize yields (23.4 and 18.4%) with a decrease in sugar content, and in one year - an increase in the harvest of 10.4%, with a significant increase in mass sugar concentration (1.92 g / 100 cm3 or 9.2%). Thus, the processing of Saperavi grapes with a growth regulator called Vimpel and water soluble foliar fertilizers of new generation - Nutrivant plus and Kelik potassium and silicon is an effective method of increasing the yield and quality of Saperavi grapes
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QUALITY OF GRAPES AND WINE OF SAPERAVI DUE TO APPLICATION OF LIGNOHUMATES OF THE GRADE "В"
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThere was given the review of the results of the study in the conditions of the Anapa-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region of the influence of the treatment of vines of Saperavi of lignohumates of the grade "В" (“LG-B Bio”, “LG-B Best Bio”, “LG- Best L”) on the quality of must and wine materials. The technology of the grape cultivation on the experimental plot corresponded to the adopted technology which is used in the JSC "Pobeda" of Temryuk District and was widely accepted for the keeping of fruit-bearing plantations of the zone of uncovered viticulture. Agrobiological works were carried out at the optimum terms and were of high quality. Vines of the third- year of life, embodied by the scheme in 3,0 x 1,5 m. The forming is a one-sided Guyot with a height of the trunk in 60 cm. On bushes there was formed the same load shoots and clusters. There were carried out the treatments of grape leaf surfaces by the solutions of lignohumates twice: the 1st – before the flowering and the 2 nd in the beginning of the formation of berries (in 20 days after the first one). The spraying was carried out in the early morning hours. The accounting of the grape harvest and the sampling for the determination of the quality of must and wine materials (10 kg per each type) was conducted in September 20, 2012. The technological and physical-chemical analyses were carried out in the shop of mini winemaking and in the accredited testing laboratory of the grape processing of the scientific center of the winemaking SCSRIHGG of the RAAS. The preparations "LG-B Bio", "LG-B Super Bio" and "LG-B Best A" as grape growth regulators have the equal and stable effect