06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article considers the results of the evaluation of the photosynthetic activity of peach trees in intensive plantations on clonal rootstock VVA-1 in the formation of improved cupped spindle-shaped crown. It is established that in the formation of spindle-shaped crown all the parts of it have just the right lighting, the leaves contain more chlorophyll, they are more specific and have real productivity
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The studies revealed that the application of spirits as a strength agent of 91.0 - 96.6% in special wines contained more vitamin-like substances than wine, alcoholized with double-distilled water with 75% alcohol concentration. The highest marks for tasting wines were given to the options made with the use of rectified grain origin alcohol as an agent of alcohol. Application of double-distilled water wine leads to accumulation of unnecessarily high undesirable groups of compounds such as methanol and fusel oil, thereby reducing the quality of the wine. Organoleptic parameters were the best for selection of wines from Anapa ZOSViV - Dionysus and Krasnostop EPA, as well as - Cabernet Sauvignon. We can conclude that for the production of high-quality red dessert wines we need, along with the classic varieties, wider use of new autochthonous varieties using alcohol agents of rectified grain origin
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In this article, the results of the research of quality characteristics of Russian rice varieties were observed
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DEVELOPMENT OF MICROFLORA IN APPLE ROOT RHIZOSPERE WHEN FERTILIZING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The problem of environmental safety of agricultural products and agro-technical measures is very urgent now. Various agrochemicals are widely used in agricultural production: plant protection preparations, fertilizers, stimulants and plant growth regulators, etc. One possible solution of this problem may be a partial replacement of mineral fertilizers by bacterial ones. The aim of our research was to determine the effect of different fertilizers and methods of their application on the quantity of microorganisms in the apple root rhizosphere soil. The research was carried out according to conventional methods. In our experiment, we determined the number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the roots of apple trees, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves; hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in soil and crop yield. The highest yield was obtained by fertigation in our research. Application bacterial fertilizer to the soil ensured yield increase at the level of mineral fertilizer application. Application of fertilizers in general, in the studied application rates provided optimum level of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the leaves and soil. By use of fertigation and bacterial fertilizers were high and relatively stable numbers of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the apple trees. The number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere had a positive correlation with yield and the content of nutrients in soil and in leaves
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Nitrogen supply of soils is an important factor in the successful cultivation of agricultural crops. Nowadays, in the Central Black Earth region there are planted orchards with high density of trees, with installed systems of drip irrigation and fertigation. Such orchards are relatively new, particularly in this region. Fertigation ambiguous effects on soil structure and its content of nutrients, especially hydrolysable nitrogen. Therefore, the study of the distribution of hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil under the influence of fertigation and drip irrigation is important. The aim of our research was to investigate the distribution hydrolysable nitrogen in the root soil layers 0-20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80 cm. Investigations were carried out according to conventional methods. In these layers of the soil, we have determined the content of hydrolysable nitrogen and yield. As a result, we have found that in variants with fertigation were the highest yield. In addition, with fertigation it was noted higher content of hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil as compared with the control without irrigation, especially in the deep layers 21-40; 41-60 and 61-80 cm. It was also noted increase of hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil along the periphery of the wetting
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In the technology of cultivation of sugar beet the significant role is allocated for system of fertilizer. The research problem included studying of influence of various norms and combinations of mineral fertilizers on productivity and quality of this culture. In 2012-14 the stationary field experiment with sugar beet of a grade of "Nero" on an experienced field of department of agrochemistry in educational economy "Kuban" was put and made. Studying of the nutritious mode of the soil is one of the most important questions of determination of effectiveness of fertilizers. Researches showed that the application of double doses of nitrogenous, phosphoric and potash fertilizers, and also the complete fertilizer in double and threefold dose on the chernozem lixivious, has essential positive impact on the maintenance of like elements of a mineral delivery, providing the favorable food mode during body height and cultural development. Fertilizers promoted more intensive intake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plants of sugar beet. The maximal maintenance of these elements is observed in a phase of clamping of rows. In experience the good harvest of sugar beet was received. Average productivity made about 450 c he (the increase makes ot13,6% to 77,4%). The maximal productivity of root crops is received at importation of N80P80K80 and N120P120K120 also made 620,3 and 633,3 c/he. Our researches showed that sugar content of root crops by options of experience fluctuated from 14,0 to 18,7%. The best results are received in options with importation of N80P80K80 - in these options sugar content made 18,7%.Thus, optimum conditions for sugar beet are created at importation of the complete mineral fertilizer at the rate of N80P80K80
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article reviews the results of the study of the influence of lignohumates of the grade "A" («LG- АМ», «LG-А super BIO», «LG-А super L») on the grape vines treatment of the Saperavi variety on the quality must and wine in the Anapо- Taman zone of the Krasnodar region. The technology of the cultivation of grapes on the experimental plot corresponded to the adopted in the JSC "Victory" of Temryuk District, and was accepted for keeping of fruit-bearing plantations area of non-covered viticulture. Agrobiological works were carried out at the optimum time and were of high quality type. Vines of the third year of life, embodied by the scheme in 3,0 x 1,5 m. The forming was a one-sided Guyot with a height of 60 cm in trunk. There was formed the same load by shoots and clusters on the shoots. The treatment of leaf surface bushes with the solutions of lignohumates were conducted twice: 1st - before flowering and 2 nd at the beginning of the formation of berries (20 days after the first one). The spraying was carried out in the early morning hours. The accounting for the grape harvest and sampling to determine the quality of must and wine (10 kg each variant) was conducted in September 20, 2012. Technological and physical-chemical analyzes were carried out in the shop micro winemaking and accredited testing laboratory of grape processing of the SSI NCZSRIHV of RAAS. Preparations "LG-B Bio", "LG-B Super Bio" and "LG-B Super A" as grape plant growth regulators have equal and stable effect
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The stage of introduction of plantlets to in vitro culture is an important stage of technology of clonal micropropagation of plants. For the purpose of decrease in a share of the plantlets that were lost from an infection and increase of their regeneration ability, sterilizers and antibiotics, effective and safe for apple rootstocks’ plantlets wee allocated, and also favorable terms of introduction to in vitro culture were allocated. As a result of the conducted researches, we have established that on influence on an nutrient medium and plantlets infection and on growth and development of plants, beneficial effect on apple rootstocks’ plantlets has an antibiotic nystatin of 200 mg/l: the reproduction coefficient on the medium with this antibiotic is equal 4,3, in the same concentration nystatin has the sanifying effect of 60-75% for stocks of SK 2 and MM 106. During researches of sterilizers for apple rootstocks’ plantlets SK 2, SK 3, SK 4, SK 7, MM 106 as an alternative to widely applied highly toxic sterilizer corrosive sublimate (the first class of danger) were picked up effective and safe preparations for sanitation of plantlets from an infection, such as the household preparation "Whiteness" (sodium hypochlorite) in cultivation 1:2, low-dangerous substance of the fourth class of danger (a share of viable plantlets of 75,5% from initially introduced), and also fosfopag, a preparation of the fourth class of danger (a share of viable plantlets of 65% from initially introduced). The favorable term for a meristem of apple rootstocks’ plantlets’ introduction to in vitro culture are phases of buds’ burgeoning (March) and the intensive growth of shoots (May – June)
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LANDSCAPING THE CITY OF MAKHACHKALA WITH VARIOUS PLANTS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The total area of green spaces in the capital of Dagestan now stands at 3003.5 hectare, and in the mid-1960s - 186 hectares. Green areas of common use per capita in 2015 compared to 1960 has decreased dramatically and amounted to 3.6%, which is only 1.0% of the norm. The race of landscape construction of the city far behind the race of construction of residential and office sectors, and the existing green spaces either in quantity or quality does not matches the sanitary and aesthetic requirements, in addition there is a low level of artistic and architectural planning of green space. We have also described the questions of the history of the garden and the park building in Makhachkala and meticulously analyzed the rock-species (species, forms, varieties) of the composition of green space. We have marked the evaluation of their condition. Despite the great diversity of species composition (281 kind of woody plants, including 60 species of gymnosperms and angiosperms 221 views), we have noticed that almost everywhere there was cultivated only a small part of them. This is despite the fact, that the Republic of Dagestan has a rich species diversity of local flora, which can be effectively used in landscaping. Here, too, there are favorable climatic conditions for the introduction of new species. It should be noted that the private sector can be traced as having the opposite trend. Some recommendations have been given to improve the structure and condition of the trees and bushes planted in the city. Finally, we have shown the necessity of linking the production of green building works with the scientific activities of specialized education and research institutions in the city
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EFFICIENCY OF CHEMICAL FUNGICIDES AGAINST LEAF TAN SPOT OF WHEAT
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In recent years leaf tan spot had dominated into pathogenic complex of wheat in southern Russia. The causative agent of this disease is hemibiotrophic ascomycete Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler; imperfect state of Drechslera triticirepentis (Died) Shoem. It causes two different symptoms in susceptible wheat varieties: chlorosis and necrosis. Under epiphytotic disease progression crop losses can achieve 65%. One of the most important elements of phytosanitary control of wheat cenosis is scientifically relevant chemical fungicides application. Biological efficiency of some fungicides against Pyrenophora tritici-repentis has been estimated. Research was conducted on the experimental ground of FSBSI ARRIBPP on the variety susceptible to the pathogen – Krasnodarskaya 99. Preparations were tested one time at leaf-tube formation (Z37) phase or two times: at leaf-tube formation (Z37) and start of heading (Z51) stages. Double treatment was more effective than a single one. Fungicides “Amistar extra” and “Prozaro” have got the high biological efficiency – 80,7 and 83,7%, consequently, and longer protective period (up to 40 days) in comparison to every tested fungicides
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