06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the article we consider the influence of agricultural technologies of cultivation of winter crops on existence of various forms of heavy metals in an arable layer of earth in the conditions and their accumulation in grain production. The gross content of compounds of copper in an arable layer of black leached soil is above background values (maximum concentration limit 1,5-1,7), a share of the fixed connections makes 75 %. The gross content of zinc exceeds background value for chernozems (1,25 clark). The correlation of the water mode of the soil and the content of mobile compounds of heavy metals in an arable layer - a straight line for Cu and the return for Mn , Pb, Cd and Co. Supplement of an arable layer of earth with mobile forms of copper, zinc and cobalt low, manganese - corresponds to the average level. Speaking of the degree of actual mobility the studied elements settle down in sequence: Cd> Mn> Co> Pb> Zn> Cu. Degree of potential availability decreases among: Zn> Mn>Pb> Co> Cu. The existence of Mn, Cu, Zn and Co in grain of wheat is lower than maximum concentration limit, and accumulation of Pb and Cd is higher than maximum concentration limit in grain production for baby food for 10-15 %, that increases individual risk of death to the maximum permissible level
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the present article the main research results of investigation of the means of pre-milking and postmilking treatment of cow udder and dugs are presented. The treatment of cow udder dugs produces great effect on the milk quality, the incidence level of mastitis of cows in the herd, extension and pathogenic agents transmission from sick to healthy animals; and also udder treatment provides hygienic protection of udder dugs. Tree concentrations of detergent of chloride dioxide were tested. Whereof, dilution of detergent with concentration of 90 mg/l chloride dioxide proved effective disinfective effect in pre-milking treatment of udder dugs. The developed medication for post-milking treatment of cow udder dugs presented high preventive efficiency against mastitis and provided longer hygienic protection of cow udder dugs after milking
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ANTHROPOGENIC DISTURBANCE RESEARCH OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF SANDPITS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn this article, an anthropogenic influence on natural ecosystem such as an excavation of sand is discussed. Investigations were done in Kuyar Forest District of the Mari El Republic on a sandpit. The adjacent plot of natural forest was taken as a control. For evaluation the degree of environment transformation as a result of sand excavation several indicators were used. As indicators of physical soil degradation - thickness of organogenic horizon and soil density; for assessment a chemical degradation – content of main nutrients and humus; as an indicator of biological degradation – the level of active microbial biomass. Besides, a potential phytotoxicity was estimated. The study proved: physical and chemical parameters corresponded with the fourth degree of soil degradation, at the same time, biological parameters approximated to parameters of soil from natural territory
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the data of many years of research on resilience, durability and natural renewability of forest park plantations on sand and shell soils of the Eastern Azov
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe features of seeding and vegetative reproduction of Hibiscus Syrian (Hibiscus syriacus L.) in the South regions of Russia are accounted in the article. It is shown that the not sorted Hibiscuses reproduce better by seeds. Sowing is made before winter (November). The young growth appears on April-May of next year. The seedlings of first-year are wintering badly in the open soil; therefore, it is better to keep them in the basements in sand. When one-year seedlings are planting next spring we receive the standard seedling in the autumn this year. Planting material of high quality of Hibiscus Syrian was grown by means of inoculation and by the grafting method. It is recommended to execute an inoculation in the first tenday period of September. It is possible to execute the reproduction by means of inoculation in case of deficit of shoots of high quality plants and for the rapid fixing of sort. It is preferable to reproduce a Hibiscus Syrian by wood shoots in the frames or by green shoots in the unheated greenhouses in an autumn-winter period. The best results in the carried out research were got at planting shoots for further growth in the containers at the greenhouses with creating of shadow in a summer period. The high speed of shoots growth in the containers of cv. Duc de Brabant, cv. Woodbrige and cv. Russian Violet varieties are observed. The vegetative mass of shoots of cv. Speciosus, cv.Carneus Plenus and cv. Red Heart varieties increases more slowly. A conclusion follows, that the studied crop must take the deserving place in the assortment of decorative bushes of plant nursery farms
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PROTEIN OF MEAT AND BONE MEAL FOR PIGS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe modern requirements of intergovernmental standards to the quality and safety of livestock produce provide for the use of highly productive animals capable under small expenses to produce more the high quality produce. In particular, at the formation of meat productivity at pigs the great significance has an achievement of optimal digestion and assimilability of consumed fodder means. In the connection, the study of digestion of meat and bone meal from slaughterhouse wastes of cattle (MCM) and poultry (MCBM) presents the scientific interest. In the fodder experience on the growing pigs with the fistula of iliac intestines there was investigated the digestion of two types of meat and bone meal from slaughterhouse wastes of cattle (MCM) and poultry (MKBM). The iliac accessibility of amino acids of meat and bone meal found itself too low: 49,3 % - 69,3 %. The accessibility of general protein reliably did not differ from the average accessibility on main amino acids - 61,5 %. To count the real iliac accessibility of raw protein and amino acids of meat and bone meal there was determined an endogenous emission of these substances on the casein diet. The real iliac accessibility of protein and individual amino acids did not leave the limits in 73% on МCM and 69% - on МCBМ. The accessibility of lysine, leucine and isoleucine MCBM is reliably higher than the same in MCM (P
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe obtaining of high-quality meat is impossible without providing of full value feeding of agricultural animals in the combination with the maintenance of conditions of their feeding. In farms of the Krasnodar region the seeding of forages with molds varies from 103 to 107 КОЕ in 1 gm of forage. There was conducted the study of influence of feeding of animals with mold mixed fodders on the seeding with microscopic fungus of tissues of inner organs. There was carried out the slaughter with the aim of study of meat quality, immune hematological large part of intestines. There were selected the samples of meat and inner organs on the seeding with microscopic fungus. There was determined that in tissues of inner organs of animals which during 4 months were on the ration including the mixed fodder with general seeding with mold fungus 105 -106 КОЕ in 1 gm of forage, there were found the spores of molds. Also there was determined the intensity of animals’ growth of first and second groups reliably did not vary (p>0,5). There were worked out the ways of improvement of sanitary condition of fodders by the means of introduction of the salts of microelements into rations such as bluestone and ferrous sulfate with the addition of probiotics KM3(cultured milk fermentation including Streptococcus lactis, Lactobacillus acidofilum) influencing the growth of pigs, the condition of their health and the quality of meat raw at the using of fodders dirty with micromycets. The consumption of fodders attacking with microscopic fungus with the addition KM3 showed that the lacto- and bifidus bacteria KM3 suppressed the development the pathogenic microflora of gastrointestinal tract of pigs. There were determined the optimal doses of the introduction of detoxicants in fodders affected with molds of storage. The positive effect in average amounted 8%
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NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY IN THE SORGHUM GRAIN AND GRAIN OF CHICKPEA IN THE DIETS OF AYRSHIRE COWS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article has scientifically substantiated and experimentally proved high efficacy of using sorghum grain and chickpea grain in the diets of cows of Ayrshire breed. It has also shown their influence on the productivity, digestibility and utilization of nutrients of diets
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe researchers of the institute are studying adaptive power of 17 varieties and 6 lines of winter wheat sown after peas using various methods of assessment of their adaptive properties. During the years of study (2012-2014) we found out that environmental conditions which account for 78% have the greatest effect on the trait ‘grain productivity’ in the formation of the yield. The share of genes accounts for 9,7%, the specific correlation ‘geno type x environment’ accounts for 10% which allow calculating adaptive properties. It has been defined that productivity of winter soft wheat changed a lot due to growing conditions and characteristics of varieties. The productivity ranged from 38,7 c/ha (‘Garant’ in 2014) to 76,5 c/ha 9’Lilit’ in 2013). The study found out that the varieties ‘Stanichnaya’, ‘Asket’ and ‘Lilit’ possess the highest response to cultivation with bi=1,15; bi=1,18 and bi=1,25 respectively. The varieties ‘Lilit’, ‘Krasa Dona’, the lines ‘430/07’, ‘260/09’ and 771/09’ possess a high adaptive ability and productivity with 111%, 105%, 108%, 105% and 106% respectively. The study of adaptive properties of winter soft wheat varieties gives an opportunity to distinguish adaptive, stress tolerant varieties with plasticity according to the primary structural elements which form productivity. The varieties ‘Asket’ and ‘Lidiya’ are characterized with high response to cultivation in different environmental conditions. The varieties ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Kapitan’ belong to adaptive cultivars. The varieties ‘Kapitan’, ‘Krasa Dona’ and the line ‘234/07’ are stress tolerant according to the trait ‘grain productivity’; the varieties ‘Kapitan’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Lilit’ and the line ‘771/09’ are stress tolerant according to the trait ‘number of seeds per a ear’; the varieties ‘Lilit’, ‘Krasa Dona’ and the line ‘771/09’ are stress tolerant according to the trait ‘weight of seeds per a ear’
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the results for the study of productivity and quality of vegetable crops in irrigated chains of crop rotation by using intermediate and green manure crops. The greatest number of units of grain produced in the first variant of the experiment, where in a part of crop rotation cultivated sweet corn, mustard as a green manure for potato and onion planting summer planting seeds in the ground and reached 37.4 tons of grain units. The infection of potato tubers with complex disease was lowest at the control variant and compose 11 %. The highest infection with diseases of potatoes fixed at the intermediate and without the use of Side-General culture and was 18 %, which is 63.6 % more than the control options. When we are using intermediate crops diseases of onion increased by 7,7–15,4 % in case of green manure using. When you include treatment of the soil under the previous culture it was the largest infest with diseases and was 16–17 %, which is by 23.1 and 30.8 % higher than in the control variant. Based on these results, we can conclude that the use of green manure crops and intermediates more favorable effect both on the productivity of the subsequent crops or the quality and marketability