06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
There was given the review of the results of the study in the arid zone of Central Ciscaucasia, the influence of planting terms and presowing seed treatment by the drug called "TMTD-plus", containing the growth stimulator Krezatsin in its composition, on the development of corn hybrids of different maturity groups of the selection of Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture named after P.P. Lukyanenko (Ross 199, Ross 299, Krasnodar 382 and Krasnodar 410) and the All-Russian Research Institute of Corn (Mashuk 170, Newton, RIC 345 and Eric), as well as middlematurity population Rossiyskaya 1. The studies were conducted in accordance with the thematic plan of scientific researches of the chair of crop and forage production of the Stavropol State Agrarian University. The soil surface was presented as southern black earth. The technology of growing of maize on the experimental plot corresponds to the standard one for the present area and cultivar. The predecessor is winter wheat. Sowing was performed in three terms. The first (early) sowing term was carried out at t = + 7 ... +8 ° C. The second (recommended) - when t = + 10 ... + 12 ° C. The third (later) sowing time was carried out at t = +15 ° C. The plant density: early-maturing hybrids – 70 thousand pieces/ha, is mid-maturing ones – 60 thousand pieces/ha, middle-ripe – 50 thousand piece/ha, middle-later ones – 45 thousand pieces/ha. The scheme is single-row, with spacing of 70 cm. The application of the studied drug TMTD-plus helped to reduce the growing season of maize plants for one - two days. Thus, changing the sowing terms of maize hybrids and populations, we can largely control the development of plants changing the length of the growing season to two weeks and form a harvesting conveyor, thereby reducing the intensity of field work
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COMPATIBILITY OF VARIOUS DOSES OF ECOVENTURA AND LIMESTONE IN FEEDING OF REPLACEMENT YOUNG DUCKS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The research is aimed at studying the compatibility of different doses of ecoventura (TU 9283-199- 10514645-13) and limestone in the diets of rearing of ducks of "Blagovarsky" cross and the impact on productive performance. As a result of scientific and economic experience obtained data on the dynamics of live weight in groups of rearing ducks indicate that ecomentors in combination with limestone have a growth promoting effect and a positive effect on the growth of ducklings. Best growth depending on dose administration of ecoventura and limestone in feed composition had a rearing ducks III (ecomentors (1,0%) + limestone (3,0%) by weight of the feed) and IV experimental groups (ecomentors (1,0%) + limestone (3,5%) by weight of the feed). The results of the study measurements (body length, keel length, breast width, chest girth, chest depth) and indices stature (massiveness, the meat content, arizonia), which were higher in males and females when fed with mixed fodder with the introduction of ecoventura and limestone in an amount of 1.0 and 3.5% respectively. Introduction to feed composition of ecoventura and limestone in an amount of 1.0 and 3.5%, respectively had a positive impact on exterior indicators of rearing ducks
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INFLUENCE OF PROTECTIVE COATINGS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ONION CROPS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The influence of protective coatings on changes in the biological characteristics of quality, germination, plant growth and development of the onion crop quantitative loss of garlic was investigated for the first time. The objects of research were winter garlic called Tien Shan and onion of Allan variety. Water solutions of polyvinyl alcohol PWS-5, paraffin coating Р, paraffin-cerezin composition PK-1 were studied as a protective coatings. Coating onions and chives before planting them in the ground delay germination, respectively at 1 and 2 weeks. Then, protective coatings act as growth stimulants. The greatest increase in green mass of garlic for 3 months (almost 2 times) compared to the control (uncoated) prepared using the hydrophobic coating РK-1. РK-1 increases the yield of garlic and onions in 1.5 times, and the seeds of onions in 1.3 times. It is recommended before planting onions to cover onions the PK-1 in order to prevent his fall germination and receive further large bulbs weighing 130-131 g. Carbohydrates, starch, vitamin C, and life-giving moisture garlic, it is best stored in a РK-1 coated serve after planting in soil more efficient power plant. As a result, such plant grows better, develops and gives higher yields
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ILLUVIAL PROCESSES AS A FACTOR OF WATER EROSION IN IRRIGATED SOILS OF THE ZAVOLZHUE REGION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article considers one of the types of water erosion – illuvial process, the redistribution of dispersed particles in the soil profile due to irrigation. The proposed description of the process of moving silt particles in the soil profile is based on the theory of viscose-plastic continuum motion
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article substantiates a necessity to apply the method of interspecific hybridization in durum winter wheat breeding, using the present soft winter varieties for improvement of frost and drought tolerance at the beginning of germination; resistance to snow mold, fusariosis and bacteriosis of ears and grain. The article presents the results of a comparative study of different types of crossbreeding at interspecific and intraspecific hybridization due to germination, emergence, productivity. It has been shown that intraspecific hybrids ‘T. durum оз. х T. durum оз.’, interspecific hybrids ‘T. durum оз. х Т. аestivum оз’ and ‘Т. аestivum оз. х T. durum оз.’ possessed the highest germination and emergence with 71,8/75,3% for direct and 60,4/82,5% for backward, 42,8 and 35,5% and 55,4 and 64,1% respectively. In backward (triplecross) cross-breeding of F1 interspecific hybrids with durum winter wheat the grain germination was down to 37,4 and 36,6%, but the emergence was up to 64,1 and 69,7% and reached the level of intraspecific hybrids. According to the elements of ear (head) productivity (grain mass per head, number of seeds per head), interspecific double-cross hybrids of the first and the second generation significantly conceded to intraspecific hybrids, but they matched them in a number of spikelets and grain size. The triple-cross hybrids exceed the double interspecific hybrids in this respect, but they concede to double-cross and triple-cross intraspecific hybrids. We studied the principle of splitting of interspecific hybrids of the second generation ‘T. durum оз. х Т. аestivum оз.’ and ‘T. durum оз. х T. durum оз.’ (direct and backward) and the triple-cross hybrids obtained from cross-breeding of interspecific and intraspecific double-cross hybrids F1 with durum winter wheat
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AGRI-ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION OF NEW VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS OF SWEET SORGHUM
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The organization of animal feeding in the summer and procurement of fodder for the winter are of great importance. The sowings of sugar sorghum can become a reliable and stable source of fodder even in the regions with insufficient humidity. It is a unique drought tolerant crop, which can be used as green mass, hay, silage, grain, mono fodder, briquettes. The article gives the study results of green mass and absolutely dry substance, and the assessment of cultivation efficiency of such sugar sorghum varieties and hybrids grown in FSBSI ‘I.G. Kalinenko ARRIGC’ as ‘Zernogradsky yantar’, ‘Debyut’, ‘Listvenit’, ‘Zersil F1’, ‘Elisey F1’. The productivity of green mass and dry substance of the new variety ‘Listvenit’ and the hybrid ‘Elisey’ exceeded the standard variety on 7,0-5,0 t/ha and 2,30-0,74 t/ha respectively. The cultivation technologies of sweet sorghum varieties and hybrids produced the high net energy of 69,6-121,9 GJ/ha with the coefficient of energy efficiency of 3,72- 5,08. As for the energy, the cultivation technology of the sweet sorghum hybrid ‘Elisey’ can be considered as the most efficient variant, as it produced the maximum net energy of 121,9 GJ/ha with the coefficient of energy efficiency of 5,08
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STATE PROTECTIVE FOREST STRIP "CHERKESSK - ELISTA - VOLGOGRAD"
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
After World War II, in 1946, our country understands the problem - a terrible drought. To protect themselves against such disasters in the future, on October 20th , 1948, by the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Central Committee of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of the Bolsheviks a resolution "On the plan of shelterbelts, the introduction of grass crop rotation, construction of ponds and reservoirs to ensure high crop yields in the steppe and forest-steppe regions of the European part of the USSR " was adopted, later known as the "Great Plan for the Transformation of Nature". During the years 1950- 1965 it was planned to create the next big state protective forest strips from Saratov to Astrakhan on both banks of the Volga River; - in the direction of cities and towns: Penza - Ekaterinovka - Veshenskaya - Kamensky, in watersheds of the rivers Khoper and Medveditsa, Kalitva and Berezovaya; in the direction of cities Kamyshin - Volgograd, in the watershed of the rivers Volga and Ilovlya; in the direction of towns Chapayevsk - Vladimirovka; in the direction of cities Cherkessk - Elista - Volgograd; - in the direction of the mountain Vishnevaya, Orenburg, Uralsk and the Caspian Sea on the banks of the Ural River; in the direction of cities: Voronezh - Rostov - on - Don; on both banks of the Don River; on both banks of the river Seversky Donets from the city of Belgorod to the Don River. Strips were created in the steppe and forest steppe areas. It was the first, in the history of humankind, largest environmental program of impacts on the climate of the huge territory, designed to protect permanently fertile agricultural lands from harmful dry winds, dust storms, lack of moisture and soil erosion. We have studied the site of the State protective forest strip "Cherkessk - Elista - Volgograd" located in the "Kuban forest districts" of the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic. In this area the analysis of taxation indicators was made, the dynamics of change in the stock of plantations connected with age was studied
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Based on the analysis of the nature of some flowering test crosses which have been resulted in the hybridization with purposely chosen sterile sources (analyzers), the new self - pollinated lines of maize have been identified according to the content of fertility-restorer genes of ‘C’ type of CMS. Genotype of the line RD 257 - rf4rf4rf5rf5Ff6Rf6 (class II), genotype of the line RD 245 - rf4 rf4 Rf5 Rf5 rf6 rf6 (class III), genotype of the line RD 274 - rf4rf4Rf5Rf5Rf6Rf6 (class V), genotype of the line RD 231 - Rf4Rf4rf5rf5Rf6Rf6 (class VI ) genotype of the line RD 261 - Rf4Rf4Rf5Rf5Rf6Rf6 (class VII). The identification of the content of the alleles of fertility - restorer genes allows forecasting the nature of flowering hybrid progeny resulted in the hybridization with a known genotype. We have created a catalog of self - pollinated lines of maize according to the fertilityrestorer genes, which consists of 18 lines, which have been studied in all the years of research. We have identified the lines belonging to classes I, II, III, V, VI, VII and VIII. During the transfer of maize hybrids on a sterile basis the lines of classes I and VIII are those ones which have been of great interest. The self - pollinated lines KV 204, SP 286 (class I) are the reliable fixers of «C» type of CMS. The progeny resulted in the hybridization with any sterile lines is characterized by complete sterility. The new self - pollinated lines KV 498, KV 272, KV 227, SP 357, RD 261 (class VIII) are constant natural fertility-restorers. They are able to fully restore fertility in hybridization with any sterile lines and in any growing conditions
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MODELING REGIONAL SYSTEMS OF BREEDING PIGS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article contains the experience of the development of the methodology and the computer program for calculation of regional and local systems of pigs hybridization at the example of the Rostov region (Russia). Crossing the GP lines for F1 should be organized in multiplier farm, which may be separate farms and to be part of large commercial farms. For the production of F1 in a multiplier farm, we must breed a purebred specialized paternal and a maternal line, selected on the effect of combining ability. For the successful functioning of the system of hybridization, it is necessary to build a genetic pyramid, including breeding and genetic centers (nucleus farm), multiplier farm, reproducing the baseline. The article gives a detailed calculation of sow population of levels of P, GP, GGP for maternal and paternal breeds of pigs. The program uses user-defined parameters of pigs productivity, of the simulated population, and the parameters characterizing the intensity of selection of young animals. To ensure annual production of 1,822 million pigs in the Rostov region it is necessary to provide the availability of brood stock in the amount of 89 thousand heads, 6 800 heads in the structure of grandparent flocks (GP), 730 heads in the structure of the Grand-Grand-parent stock (GGP), excluding sows second maternal and paternal breeds
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CROSSABILITY OF CRIMEAN INDIGENOUS GRAPE VARIETIES WITH FORMS OF VARIOUS ORIGIN
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Progress of breeding for resistance to diseases, pests and low temperatures is provided by cross-species hybridization. Institute of Vine and Wine "Magarach" is one of the leading centers of selection of grapes in the world. The breeding program of deducing grapes at the institute is based on the study and attracting the world's gene pool, including and industrial of the Russian Federation assortment of grapes. Analysis assortment shows that the share of productive, highquality varieties with group resistance to diseases, pests and extreme environmental factors is very small. The main method of selection of grapes of a new generation who have genetically determined traits earliness, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors is crossing complex interspecific hybrids and forms of their involvement with each other and with the forms of species Vitis vinifera, belonging to different ecogeographical groups, saturating crossing between hybrid forms with complex features, the appropriate selection of reference. For vigorous offspring is most effective as a parent to use a local variety of forms of Crohn and father - interspecific cultivar Alminsky
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