06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The use of physical factors for preplant stimulation of seeds increases vigor, germination and improves the yield of agricultural products. One of the effective ways to improve seed grain quality is to impact on the seeds using physical factors, in particular, an alternating electromagnetic field of industrial frequency of 50 Hz (EMF of IF of 50 Hz). We studied the impact of EMF of IF of 50 Hz on the energy germination of mid-ripening spring barley seeds of promising varieties Vakula, Vikont, Ratnik. Carrying out the experimental studies we used a laboratory setup with annular pole points of rectangular cross section. Our disperse analysis resulted in data on germinative energy of seeds of spring barley varieties Vakula, Vikont, Ratnik, which showed that while treating seeds of spring barley by an alternating electromagnetic field of industrial frequency of 50Hz, we obtained the best values of germinative energy of seeds of Variety Vikont with a mode of processing being equal to W = 16%, T = 2 c, L = 0,03 m
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SUNFLOWER LOW TEMTERATURE GROWTH RATE EVALUATION CONCERNING BREEDING FOR COLD RESISTANCE
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
One of the prospect directions in new sunflower hybrid development is cold resistance breeding in the emergency stage. Sunflower hybrids with uniform emergency and high rate growth under the low temperature conditions could allow to introduce sunflower in the new regions of our country and so to increase sunflower acreage. The aim of our work was to screen all sunflower available samples for growth rate under the low temperature and to select the best lines and initial material for future breeding. 140 sunflower lines of VNIIMK breeding and hybrid populations on their base were used as a material. Seeds of every sample were incubated during the 10 days in the thermostat under 100 С. Seed germination was evaluated for the each sample along with the seedling size. As a result the most prospective samples were selected for the future breeding work. On the second stage of the experiment one selected population was evaluated on the Breeding station of Vavilov’s AllRussian Research Institute of Plant Industry in the city of Pushkin (Leningrad region). Seeds from the best plants were obtained in this place and will be used for the new lines development. So the effectiveness of selection of sunflower samples for growth rate under the low temperature was verified and this method could be used to introduce sunflower in the new regions of our country with more severe climatic conditions
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SUNFLOWER OPEN-POLLINATED VARIETIES FOR MAIN SEED TRAITS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Development of confectionery sunflower openpollinated varieties (OP-varieties) is a prospect direction in sunflower breeding. High price level for confectionery sunflower seeds pushes forward the breeding program. Contrary, it is necessary to offer product, meeting consumer’s expectation for large seeds, good dehulling rate, proper oil and husk content. The aim of our work is to study morphometric peculiarities of seed structure for sunflower OP-varieties of different types – oil and confectionery, and to identify the best samples for using in the breeding program as an initial material. The study was done at All-Russia Oil Crops Research Institute (VNIIMK) named by V.S. Pustovoit (Krasnodar) in 2014 and 2015. Seeds of 6 OP sunflower varieties of VNIIMK breeding were used as a material (confectionery type – Dzhinn, SPK, Lakomka, Oreshek, Borodinskiy and oil-type – Muster). OP-varieties were sown by randomized blocks with 3 replications. Every plot had 4 rows. It was shown that seeds of confectionery sunflower OP-varieties had higher values of main traits (length, width and thickness) in comparison with oil-type sunflower. Seed traits analyses allowed identifying the best confectionery samples (Dzhinn and Oreshek) for future breeding
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF OILSEEDS PROCESSED PRODUCTS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Side products obtained during processing of many oil crops, have a high feed value and use in rations of animals and birds. The important thing in feeding poultry is protein nutritional value of forages and their biological integrity, expressed in amino acid composition. In this regard, there was a comparative analysis of the chemical and amino acid composition traditionally used in compound feeds for poultry, sunflower cake, and previously unexamined mustard protein-containing feed concentrate called "Gorlinka". During the research, it was found that the studied new feed additive is better comparing to sunflower meal, considering protein content and essential amino acids
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
This article presents the results of the impact of "Gorlinka" mustard protein-containing feed concentrate in the feeding of broiler chicken of the cross of "Cobb-500" on their performance and nutrient digestibility of the feed. The studies were conducted in the conditions of Krasnodonskaya Poultry farm in the Ilovlinskiy district of the Volgograd region. Full or partial replacement of sunflower meal with "Gorlinka" mustard proteincontaining feed concentrate in the feed mixture for the experimental broiler chickens contributes to the increase of the coefficients of digestibility of nutrients compared to the birds in the control group. The use of "Gorlinka" mustard protein-containing feed concentrate in the composition of feed for broiler chickens has contributed to higher coefficients of digestibility of nutrients: dry matter – 0.51-1,37%, organic matter – 0.6-1,99 %, crude protein by 0.8- 2,24 %, crude fiber – 0,34-1,65 %; crude fat – 0.94- 2,29%, compared to the birds in the control group. Nitrogen balance was positive in all groups; the use of nitrogen from the accepted experimental broiler chickens was higher in the experimental groups than in the control by 2.89-of 7.93 %. The use of nitrogen from digested nitrogen was higher in the experimental groups in comparison with the analogues from the control group by 2.65-of 7.97 %. The use of calcium and phosphorus by poultry was also higher in the experimental groups
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
This article presents the results of using "Gorlinka" mustard protein-containing feed concentrate, instead of sunflower meal in the feeding of broiler chickens of the cross of "Cobb-500". The studies were conducted in the conditions of Krasnodonskaya Poultry farm of the Ilovlinskiy district of the Volgograd region. Replacing sunflower meal with a product of processing of oilseeds which is "Gorlinka" mustard protein-containing concentrate, in the feed mixture in the experimental broilers had a positive impact on the productivity, physiological state of the birds, product quality and economic performance. The use of this mustard protein-containing feed concentrate in feeding of meat birds contributes to the increase of live weight by 3.46-of 6.65% and slaughter yield by 1.38-1.98% and improvement of quality indicators of the carcasses. Morphological and biochemical parameters in experimental broiler chickens in all the groups were within the physiological norm, which indicates a normally occurring redox processes in the poultry organism. However, adding "Gorlinka" mustard proteincontaining feed concentrate into experimental feed for broiler chickens contributed to the increase in the content of total protein, calcium, phosphorus in blood serum in comparison with analogues from the control group that received sunflower cake. As a result of the research, the economic effect in the experimental groups was up 710,40-1085,53 rubles
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In the conditions of grey forest soils in the Bryansk region among the fodder crops widespread mixed legume-cereal crops. The results showed that the photosynthetic activity of cereals and leguminous crops and their yields in mixed crops depended on made of biological and mineral nitrogen fertilizers. It is established that the nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrate has a positive impact on the formation of assimilating leaf surface, photosynthetic potential and net productivity and yield of grain mixture in lupine-barley and soybean -barley cropping and pea-barley crops the use of nitrogen in the form of potassium nitrate was more favorable. It was found that in lupine-barley crops the active symbiotic potential has increased by 25,5% and the yield increased by 21,3% , in soybean-barley crops 28,5% and 19,2% respectively, due to the joint use of a mixture of symbiotic and associative rhizobacteria and mineral nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrate in the dose of N60. In pea-barley agrocenosis it has improved the efficiency of cultivation of joint application of mixed inoculant symbiotic and associative rhizobacteria on the background of the application of mineral nitrogen in the form of potassium nitrate in the dose of N60, where there was an increase of the active symbiotic potential by 34,7% and grain yield by 24,7% compared to the option when adding the mixture of biological products
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article examines the creation of the expert system in the development of epiphytotics in winter bread wheat sowing. Increasing the accuracy of the forecast epiphytotics should be based on the improvement forecasting of move daily temperature (minimum, maximum and average). In this case, the calculation algorithm must not be cumbersome. In the algorithm, there are indicators of cyclical annual variations of temperature, i.e. the change in average daily temperatures for the year. For the treatment method of local forecast of daily average temperatures during the year used data of meteorological station for 9 years. Having considered the main issues to epidemics of brown rust and its influence on the production of wheat cenoses, you can proceed to the modeling expert logic. The analysis includes the following indicators: cultivated variety; agricultural machinery (predecessor, fertilizer, pre-processing, and others.); general condition of sowing; phase of plant development at the time of the field survey; date of onset of the disease (if selected); prevalence of sowing at the time of observation. Installed that the purposeful creation of varieties of winter wheat resistant to the pathogen, it is necessary to carry out environmental testing stability as a latent breeding and recommended sources and sustainability of donors, which will allow to plan economic occupancy resistant genotypes of winter wheat
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article considers approaches to conducting longterm observations, i.e. monitoring of the immunological characteristics of varieties of winter wheat. In our work, we use the following grading system for the immunological characteristics of winter wheat varieties for resistance to leaf rust in various stages of ontogeny: evaluation of sustainability in the seedlings in a phytotron, greenhouse complex; evaluation sustainability in a field of artificial infectious background; immunological evaluation based on phytosanitary monitoring in different ecological zones. In the initial stages, all the material is pre-tested in the field of infectious hatchery. We have performed an evaluation on the intensity of lesion and the type of plant response to the introduction of the pathogen. This approach allows getting rid of susceptible genotypes for a year. To describe the spread of rust, i.e., increase in population numbers we have used two types of curves: J-shaped and S-shaped. The article considers several winter wheat cultivars differing in susceptibility to leaf rust. It is established, that the increase in the population of brown rust occurs in conditions with limited food resources and it is described by the Ferxulsta function. Monitoring studies allow developing models taking into account the promotion of the parasite and its pressure on wheat cenosis as well as allow building an expert system that optimizes the protection of plants against leaf rust and used to study the behavior of genotypes with different immunological parameters when creating a model class
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF OILSEEDS PROCESSED PRODUCTS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Currently, we are constantly improving the recipes of fish feeds, this reduces the cost of feed per gain, and it overall decreases cost of fish. We search for alternative cheaper sources of nutrients. Leftovers of vegetable oil and oil extraction industry such as oil cakes and meals have been used as high-protein feed additives for a long time. This requires a strict scientific control, precluding the possibility of their harmful effects on animal health. In this regard, there was a comparative analysis of the chemical and amino acid composition traditionally used in compound feeds for sturgeons of sunflower cake and feed concentrate from "Sarepta" vegetable raw materials. During the research it was found that "Sarepta" is better than sunflower meal considering protein and essential amino acids content
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