06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
This article presents the experimental material obtained from long-term stationary experiment of GNU "Severokubanskaya agricultural experimental station" in P.P. Lukyanenko Krasnodar Agricultural Research Institute. Stationary experience was founded in 1978. It had two ten-course crop rotations and combined graingrass tilled. The ordinary black soil, low-humic, heavy loamy in mechanical composition. The capacity of humus horizon is 113-116 cm with a total content of humus on the date of the experience beginning is 3.88%. Arable (0-30cm) layer was characterized by the following parameters: total nitrogen content - 0.22-0.24, mineral -10,0-10,5mg / kg of soil, total phosphorus-0,16- 0,19%, labile phosphorus - 12,2-12,9mg / kg soil total potassium -1,7-2,0%, exchange potassium- 386mg / kg soil. The degree of saturation of bases is 80-90%. The amount of absorbed bases is 30-40 m ekvg/ 100 g of soil. The reaction of the soil solution is weakly alkaline (PH water 8.0-8.2). The predecessor is winter wheat. General Agrotechnics is recommended for a given soil and climate of region. Solid mineral fertilizer were applied as mineral fertilizers in combination with organic fertilizer in the form of half-decomposed cattle manure. According to agro-climatic zonation the northern zone of the Krasnodar region, where the research was conducted, is related to the zone of insufficient watering with hydrothermal coefficient 0.7-0.9 with an annual rainfall of 350.5 to 899.8 mm. During the autumn and winter period, which determines the accumulation of water in the soil, from 150.3 to 426.8 mm of rain falls or 30,4-68,9% of the annual amount. During the vegetation of sugar beet from germination to harvest -112,0- 588,9mm of rain falls, with an average daily temperature of the air 16,5-20,000С, including the period of the greatest growth of roots and accumulation of sugar from 3.2 to 557.1 of rain falls with air temperature 19,5-28,800С. Hydrothermal index is 0,01-2,83. During the years of the research 19% of years have been characterized as unfavorable (hydrothermal index 0.67), 44% of years as moderate on moisture supply and temperature conditions (hydrothermal index 0.99) and 37% of years as favorable (hydrothermal index 1.05). The generalization of the research results obtained by us in the long-term stationary experiment, allowed us to estimate the impact of different standards and systems of fertilizer on the productivity of sugar beet and sugar content in the roots. On average, during the years of research, the root harvest under the influence of fertilizer amounted to 36,7-45,6 t / ha per unit area with the addition to the control variant, that isn’t manurable, amounted from 6.6 to 15.5 t / ha. The highest yield of root is 43,0-45,6 t / ha which was obtained with systems of fertilizer with complete mineral nutrition
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article deals with the effectiveness of mineral and organic fertilizers in long-term application (for more than thirty years) according to the influence on the fertility of ordinary black soil of the Western Ciscaucasia and productivity of sugar beet. The investigations were carried out in the long-term stationary experiment laid on the experimental stationary section "Severokubanskaya agricultural experimental station" of P.P. Lukyanenko Krasnodar Agricultural Research Institute. The experiment was laid simultaneously in time and space in two ten-course crop rotations and combined grain-grass tilled. In the structure of sown areas sugar beet occupied 10% of crop rotation area and was placed after the winter wheat. During three rotations it was studied: 1- control without fertilizer with natural forming level of mineral nutrition; 2- minimal dose N21P26K16 3- medium dose N43P52K33 ; 4 - N43P52K33, 5- high dose N96P104K68; 6- organo-mineral system¹ N43P52K34 + 12 t/ha of manure; 7- organo-mineral system² N20P24K34 + II-III rotations tillage of straw crop + 6 t/ha of manure; 8- medium dose P52K33; 9- medium dose N43K33; 10- medium dose N43K52. The soil which is used by organo-mineral system with increased and high standards of mineral fertilizers had higher concentration of mineral nitrogen. Long systematic application of fertilizer had more noticeable effect on soil phosphorus regime. The provision of soil by exchange potassium tended to decline from rotation to rotation. If at the completion of the first rotation the content of this battery was at the level 362,0-433,0 mg / kg of soil, in 2010, these values were 356,0-405,0 mg / kg of soil, remaining at the level of increased and high provision characterized to ordinary black-soil. Fertilizers for crop rotation provided almost equal yield increase: in the first rotation - 4,9-16,0 t / ha in the second 5,3- 17,1, the third 6,1-15,5 t / ha. In the moderate favorable for moisture and temperature conditions during the first and third rotation (hydrothermal index 0,8- 0,76), the value of sugar beet yield was 30,1-46,1 and 35,7-52,1 t / ha, in comparison with tougher conditions for the second rotation (hydrothermal index 0,41- 1,96) higher up to 2,6-6,5 9,2-16,0 t / ha. Research carried out in long-term stationary experiment showed that long-term use of fertilizers prevents to the loss of soil organic substances, supporting the humus content at the level of 3.95-3.99%, and organicsystems contribute to its reproduction to 4,01-4,21%. soil nitrogen state is stabilized. However, there is a tendency of decrease of the exchange potassium in mineral fertilizer systems. In the conditions of insufficient moisture supply of the northern zone of Krasnodar region the most applicable norm is N60P90R60, both in mineral and organic-systems, ensuring the collection of root crops within 43,0-45,2 t / ha, with an estimated amount of sugar 6,92-7, 14 t / ha. The given systems of fertilizer provide the yield of root crops 53,3-56,0 t / ha with the synthesis of sugar 8,19-8,70 t / ha. Increasing the rate of fertilizer in 2 times from medium to N120P160R120 doesn’t increase the productivity, reduce sugar content of root crop to 0.4-0.8%. It is undesirable to use fertilizer that are unbalanced in nutrition elements in which root crops yield declines from 5.4 to 19.0%, and current biological sugar from 6,1 to 25,9%
-
INFLUENCE OF THE LENGTH OF FRUIT VINES ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF MOLDOVA GRAPES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article presents the results of studying the effect of different lengths of fruit vines with the same load wintering buds of bushes on the yield and quality of Moldova grapes. It was found that the biological indicators of fruiting Moldova grapes improved by lengthening fruit vines, taking into account weather conditions. Shortening the vines increases germination and fruitfulness degree base buds and reserve buds. Productivity is increased by lengthening fruit vines. It is determined by the degree of fruitfulness buds of the vine, the development of floscules of wintering buds, bunch and berries weight, number of berries in bunches. The optimum is pruning vines to 10-12 buds. Harmonious taste, weight of bunches and berries, transportability factor fixed high yield of grapes standard (85,6-86,4%) with different length of fruit vines. The highest productivity of leaves makes pruning fruit vines to 10-12 buds. The strength of shoot growth and volume growth of bushes reduced at an elongation of the fruit vines. The more moderate growth of shoots observed at long (10-12 buds) pruning vines. There is no significant difference to the degree of maturation of shoots with different length vines. In order to increase the yield of Moldova grapes in the central zone of the Krasnodar region expedient cut fruit vines to 10-12 buds
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article gives the results of the study of the texture of the grapes and biochemical characteristics of red wine grape varieties of Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Sapeari, Tsimladar, Pinot Noir for the production of juice of direct extraction and blending. The studied varieties in terms of the structure of the cluster may be divided into three groups of blackpinene (21.1), Cabernet Franc and Tsimladar (18.7 - 17.5), Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Saperavi (16.5 - 16.8) , and bunches of addition in terms of two groups - Tsimladar (17.6), Cabernet - Sauvignon and other (15.6 - 16.4). The structural component of grapes varieties ranged from 5.2 to 5.9, berry index - from 62.1 to 83.4, the output of the wort from 74.2 to 76.3%. The content of sugars and acids in the berries of all varieties is favorable for the production of beverages. The largest Tartaric acid content was found in the juice of the varieties of Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Black, malic acid - in the juice of varieties Saperavi, Merlot, Tsimladar, citric acid - in the juice Tsimladar varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon, Saperavi. The ratio of tartaric acid to the content of the apple juice Cabernet Sauvignon was 2.9: 1, Cabernet Franc 2.6: 1, Pinot Black 2.5: 1, Merlot and Tsimladar 1.6: 1, 1.1 Sapevari: 1. According to the content of potassium cations, sodium, magnesium and calcium there were chosen three varieties of Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc. The lowest content of potassium and magnesium cations was in the variety of Tsimladar, Sodium – in the varieties Merlot and Saperavi, calcium – in Saperavi. Excellent tasting commended for juices was given to Cabernet Sauvignon, Saperavi, Tsimladar, good – to Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Pinot black. Best blending juice obtained by mixing the juice of the grape of the varieties of Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot black 70:30, Saperavi and Pinot black 50:50. From the grapes of produced varieties, we can produce juice and varietal by name ampelographic variety and blended to extend the range
-
CONSUMPTION OF ELEMENTS OF MINERAL NUTRIENTS BY ALFALFA PLANTS WHEN USING FERTILIZERS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Improving the technology of alfalfa cultivation and increasing its productivity for the Kuban region have great practical significance nowadays. The research of proper environmental and economical systems of fertilizers that provide balanced nutrition plays an important role in the growing of crops. As a result, we have found that for specific soil and climatic conditions when using optimal doses of mineral fertilizers it is possible to have stable high yields of good quality alfalfa
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In the leached black soils of the foothill zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic on the territory of training experimental plant of FSBEI HE Kabardino-Balkarian state agricultural university named after V.M. Kokova we have studied the effect of soil and climatic conditions of area of cultivation and application of micro – macro fertilizers, plant growth regulators and biological products on the crops of lentils, their impact on the efficiency and quality. It is proved that in general, the natural conditions of the foothill zone are favorable for cultivation and obtaining high yields of major crops. The analysis of meteorological conditions of the area (typical for the whole area) shows that there are great reserves and opportunities to obtain high and stable yields of lentils grains. These morphological, genetic and agrochemical parameters of leached chernozem growing zones suggest the soil favorable to the growth and development of lentils. On average, during the years of studies, the number of plants on which we had marked tubercles, on the example of Rauza varieties in the background variant, was 63.7%; the use of the drug called Agropon C in combination with sodium selenite increased by 15.2% the number of plants with root nodules. Increasing the number of plants with root nodules was accompanied with increasing the number and weight of nodules per plant by 8.1 pc. and 10.1 mg. respectively. The highest yield - 2.66 t/ha under experimental conditions was obtained in the form of joint use of the drug Agropon C and sodium selenite with a seeding rate of 2.2 million viable seeds per hectare, which is higher than the reference version for this seeding rate by 0.46 t/ha or 17.3%. The maximum value indicators of protein content in the seeds and collecting the protein per unit area reached with the use of joint application of Agropon C and sodium selenite, where we achieved the seeding rate of 2.2 million of germinating seeds per hectare and made up 29.6% and 787 kg/ha, respectively
-
EFFECT OF BENTONITE ON MEAT PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF PORK GILTS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In our country, great influence is given to the production and consumption of agricultural animals' meat with high consumer qualities. In this regard, the livestock producers, particularly pigs, are to increase production and improve product quality. Works on using some natural mineral complexes - bentonite and zeolites as a source of macro - and trace elements are performed. The aim of the research is to study the effects of bentonite feeding with free access on the meat productivity and hygienic meat quality of young pigs for fattening. Best effect on the slaughter indexes of fattening gilts had bentonite feeding with free access that resulted in significant superiority of the animals in the experimental group over the control counterparts on pre-slaughter live weight, slaughter weight, chilled carcass weight, slaughter yield, carcass length, the "muscle" eye area and the backgammon weight. More favorable effect in the longest muscle on the dry matter and protein synthesis was provided by bentonite feeding with free access. Due to this, the gilts of the experimental group were in significant advance of their control counterparts in concentration of dry matter and protein in meat. Along with this, the longest muscle of young pigs on fattening in the experimental group had the highest protein value, as according to the protein-qualitative indicator the animals of this group were in significant advance of the control counterparts. Feeding bentonite clay with free access had a strong detoxifying effect that is against control counterparts of gilts in the experimental group showed the significant reduce of lead, zinc and cadmium concentrations in the meat
-
PRODUCTIVITY, DIGESTIVE METABOLISM IN YOUNG PIGS WHEN USING BENTONITE FEEDING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
For further increasing pork production and to increase its quality it is necessary to provide complete and balanced feeding of young pigs for fattening. The special place takes the issue of satisfying their physiological needs in macro and micronutrients. The most cost-effective step in these circumstances is using bentonite clays as natural mineral supplements. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the addition of bentonite of Zamankulskaya field on the energy growth, digestibility and the digestibility of nutrients of the diet of young pigs. According to the results of the survey, the best productive effect was when ensuring free access to the bentonite, so that the young pigs of the 3rd experimental group vs control group had significant superiority according to gross and average daily live weight gain and feed products. According to the results of scientific and economic experience, it was found that with free access to the bentonite best economic and useful indicators were observed in the animals of the 3rd experimental group against the control analogs, as they had significant superiority in terms of absolute live weight gain and feed consumption per unit of production. During the physiological exchange of experience the most beneficial effect on the hydrolysis of complex organic compounds had bentonite feeding with free access of pigs. The result was a significant superiority of the experimental animals over the control ones in coefficients of digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat and NFE. To improve the digestibility and absorption of nutrients in the diet of young pigs it is advisable to feed them with bentonite clay as natural mineral supplements with free access
-
MOBILE POLLINATION AS A PARADIGM FOR INDUSTRIAL BEEKEEPING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article analyzes the state of the domestic beekeeping. It is proposed, as a paradigm of the industrial beekeeping, to use honey and pollination systems. Over the past 25 years, because the hard economic reforms in the public sector, there was almost double reduction of honey collection. Russian beekeeping is in the hard situation because of the low yields and the use of outdated technologies. Russia's share in the global honey market does not exceed 1 %. A more viable was apiaries of private households. Beekeepers receive a basic income from the sale of honey. Meanwhile, in developed countries more than 60% of the income of integrated use of honeybees account for pollination activities. In modern conditions of the Russian vector of development of beekeeping should be its production and technological re-equipment, improving its bioecological principles and socio - economic transformation of the infrastructure sector. Using mobile honey- pollination systems, which provide bees with feed conveyor due to the frequent movement of the apiary, honey plant and beekeepers can reduce the cost of manual labor for loading and unloading hives. In the Kuban Agrarian University we designed the pavilion design (RF patent number 2,284,103 ), awarded with a silver medal of Concours Lepine (France, Paris ). Using a mobile pavilion allows to conduct all production functions: honey and pollination production and reproduction, ensuring the competitiveness of the industry
-
THE CONTENT OF BIOLOGICAL ELEMENTS IN ALFALFA PLANTS WHEN ADDING MICRONUTRIENTS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article presents results of the studies that obtained because of the long-term experience of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry of Kuban State Agrarian University. We have found the optimal dose of micronutrients at different levels of mineral nutrition, to achieve maximum yield of green mass of alfalfa quality. We have calculated the dynamics of the accumulation of nutrients in plants throughout the growing season
pdf 173.057kb
doc 173.057kb