06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe reaction of winter wheat of Krasnodar Agricultural Research Institute selection that is included in the State Register of selection achievements in the Russian Federation, on the predecessor, the sowing time and the level of mineral nutrition in 2008 - 2010 was studied in "Severokubanskaya agricultural experimental station" P.P. Lukyanenko Krasnodar Agricultural Research Institute, located in the northern area of the region. The objects of research were cultivars ‘Bezostaya 1’, taken as a standard, ‘Tanya’, ‘Grom’, ‘Sila’, ‘Ligue 1’, ‘Irishka’ and ‘Yumpa’, with a specific weight of strong wheat (excluding the cultivar ‘Bezostaya 1’) - 57.1%, essential - 28.6%, weak - 14 3%. The predecessors are winter wheat, sunflower, white mustard. Seed dates: the 20th of September (optimal for determining the originator of the cultivar) the 1st and 10th of October. The background of mineral nutrition is N0P0K0, N60P30K30 and N120-160P90K60. The soil is an ordinary powerful heavy-loam chernozem with humus content in the soil layer 0 - 30 cm 3.95 - 4.00%, of mineral nitrogen - 8.3 - 10.7 mg / kg of soil, of mobile phosphates - 22.4 - 26 6 mg / kg of soil, of exchangeable potassium - 330 - 360 mg / kg of soil. Weather conditions during the research were extremely contrasting, both by the precipitation and by the temperature conditions. Based on these studies, it was found that five or six cultivars of this crop that differ in biological and economic features, the reaction on the predecessor, soil fertility and sowing terms as well as adapted to the specific soil and climatic conditions should be used to obtain consistently high yields of winter wheat. Well-chosen cultivars, predecessors and sowing terms predecessors allow without additional cost on the unfertilized background to increase the yield on 0.20 - 0.79 t / ha. Together with the growth of yield, the technological quality of grain is improved: protein content by 0.5 - 2.4%, fibrin content - 1.7 - 7.6%. The principle of mosaic use of cultivars with specific predominance of strong wheat is 57.1%, essential - 28.6%, weak - 14.3%, it allows to produce the grain when you apply the minimum dose of 12.5% protein content, 20.9% of fibrin content. When using N90P60K60 respectively 13.3 and 23.6% at a dose N120-150P90K60 - 14.4 and 26.8% with an average of 13.5 - 24.0%
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe influence on the predecessor, on the time of sowing and various mineral nutrition levels, on the productivity of seven cultivars of winter soft wheat of Krasnodar Agricultural Research Institute selection was investigated. On the basis of the obtained experimental data and production audit it was found that all studied cultivars under the total complex of cultivation technological methods are able to form the yield of 6-7 t / ha with the payment of one kg of active ingredient of fertilizer by the grain within 6.50-9.86, and 8.56- 10.71 kg. Soil was ordinary chernozem with a low humus content powerful humus content, depending on the power of backgrounds in the arable (0-30sm) soil layer is 3,95-4,00%, of mineral nitrogen is 5,9-8,3 mg / kg of soil, mobile phosphorus is 22,4 - 26,6 mg / kg of soil, of exchangeable potassium is 330-360 mg / kg of soil. Predecessors are winter wheat, sunflower, white mustard cultivated on seeds. The main tillage is resource-saving with the mulching of 0-10 cm layer. Studied sowing terms are the 20th of September, the 1st and 10th of October. The backgrounds of mineral nutrition: 1-without fertilizer N0P0К0; 2-minimum dose of complete mineral fertilizer N60P30К30; 3-average dose N90P60К60; 4-high dose N120- 160P90К60. Seeding rate is 5 million germinating seeds per hectare. The objects of the research were seven winter soft wheat cultivars of Krasnodar Agricultural Research Institute selection. We studied winter wheat cultivars with different combination of biological characteristics and predecessors. This combination is contributed to the yield growing from 4,26-5,82 t / ha up to 6,97-7,2 4,26-5,82 t / ha with the payment of one kilogram of active fertilizer substance with the output of grain within 8,52-12,0kg
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionFeeding lactating dairy cows of the Simmental breed using the collection of herbs with Тhyмus bituminosus Klok, Achillea millefolium L., Polygonum aviculare L., Galium verum L, Chamerion angustifolium L., Sanguisórba officinális, Stellaria media L. and Amaranthus retraflexus L. contributed to a better digestibility and nutrient utilization of diets. A high level of digestibility by cows experimental compared to the control group is set with respect to the dry and organic matter of 2.0% and a crude protein 1.4 %. When using the collection of herbs, there was an increase in the antioxidant status of erythrocyte cells in blood of dairy cows as expressed in the increasing content of low molecular weight antioxidants in blood cells by 1.4 times in reducing the intensity of lipid peroxidation of erythrocyte membranes in 1,2 times, in comparison with the control values. The use of the collection of herbal increases milk yield of cows of the experimental group by 7.4 %, increases by the 16.2 % yield of milk fat and the protein content of 10.7 % in milk of dairy cows compared to the control group
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionImproving the quality of Russian cognac is of great national importance. It should be noted that about 80% of Russian foreign brandies made from aged cognac distillates. To obtain high-quality products necessary technical-chemical control of production starting from the vine and the conditions of its growth. For a comprehensive evaluation of the totality of important factors: climate, relief, soil and variety. It is important to add that this grading must be accompanied by the release of environmental macro zones with viticulture specialization. In this regard, there has been conducted a soil-cartographic survey of lands of ACE "Fanagoria" in the Temryuk district of the Krasnodar region. Evaluation took place in view of all 4 factors, notably the soil factor; and the content of lime in the soil and the degree of salinity of soils. Soil analyzes were carried out in FGBNU Anapa ZOSViV SKZNIISiV using the latest equipment generally accepted methods for determining indicators of soil characteristics. The purpose of the research - to give a detailed description of the survey area, as well as highlight the boundaries of environmental macro zones for the cultivation of grapes brandy. During the research, it was found that for the selection and evaluation of raw material zones for brandy production we must take into account soil and climatic optimum performance to get quality brandy raw materials
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HYBRIDOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PLANT RESISTANCE OF WINTER WHEAT TO P. triticina
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article discusses the hybridological analysis of the inheritance of plant resistance of winter wheat to brown rust Putignano. For this purpose, we performed the analysis on the varieties of wheat of local selection, studied immunological reaction to R. triticina in connection with the types of wheat resistance to leaf rust pathogen. In the work, we considered the different immunological parameters (type of plant response to the introduction of the pathogen, the intensity of infection of plants, the size of urediniospores, the number of urediniospores in one urediniomycetes, the amount of time from the time of inoculation until the beginning of the first urediniomycetes (i.e. a measure of latent period) and the area under the curve of disease development). Study of the inheritance of the type of plant responses to the introduction of the pathogen by the method of hybridological analysis revealed that this immunological reaction can be controlled by both dominant and recessive genes. Monogenic control of resistance in our study was fairly uncommon and installed from THERE 200 varieties and Purdue 5396. It is shown that the majority of the examined lines type of plant response to the introduction of the leaf rust pathogen is controlled, as a rule, several genes with different types of interaction. The results of hybridological analysis allow to draw a conclusion about what type of plant response to the introduction of the parasite – an integral indicator that takes into account the morphological peculiarities of urediniomycetes (the size and number of urediniospores produced in them)
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FEATURES OF CULTIVATION OF BROILERS OF HUBBARD REDBRO CROSS IN FARMS FOR “ORGANIC” MEAT
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThis article is devoted to studying the influence of conditions of keeping and feedings on broilers of Hubbard RedBro cross, and the quality of the received products in case of application of floor and cellular content in the conditions of a farm. It was found that when receiving a feed of its own production with the use of feed ingredients grown in farms without pesticides, recorded a statistically significant reduction in the potentially dangerous health animal substances. As compared with a factory forage therein reduced pesticide content by 14 times, mercury and arsenic is 24 times, 5 times cadmium, lead 10 times. Results of studying of economic indicators of cultivation of broilers of cross Hubbard RedBro and also chemical composition and quality of carcasses demonstrated that the essential difference between a floor and cellular condition of keeping is not established, however use of a diet on the basis of what forages promoted statistically reliable decrease in concentration of toxic metals in muscles of a bird of experienced groups. As a result it was found that use of the researched compound feed in diets of broilers raised indicators of biosafety and provided ecologically safe (“organic”) meat products of poultry farming
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INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL ADDITIVES ON RESISTANCE, METABOLISM AND EFFICIENCY OF PIGS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn order to reduce the impact of stress factors on the body of pigs, new technologies and efficient veterinary and preventive measures in breeding and cultivation are being developed. The results of our scientific and economic experiments found that the use in daily diets of pregnant and lactating sows according to our schemes of biological additives (to finish / day.): Laktobifid (1 g), Immunobak (1 g), Provagen (10 g ) Vetom 1.1 (50 mg / kg body weight), Bacell (0.3% by weight of the feed) and Monosporin (10 mL), contributes to the improvement of their reproductive qualities: for twins - on 2,2-12,2% by krupnoplodnosti - by 8,0-10,7%, for milk - by 8,9- 36,5%, at the preservation of pigs - by 1,3-8,3%, by weight of the nest 2 months of age - 22 , 9-38,9% compared with the control. At weaning piglets from sows experimental groups indicators of natural resistance were significantly higher. The best reproductive performance were observed in sows treated with diet and probiotic supplements Immunobak Bacell combined with Monosporin . The results of these experiments revealed adaptogenic properties of the studied additives, their ability to mitigate the impacts of technological stresses, reducing as a result of the cost of the products. Of great practical importance is the ability to predict the effectiveness of the use of additives which have antistress effect, depending on the body weight of animals, their age, frequency and duration of their application before and after the impact of technological stressors in the suckling period, the periods of rearing and fattening up of live weight and 100 и 120 kg
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CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF RICE SEED PRODUCTION IN THE KRASNODAR REGION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionWe have performed an analysis of the current state of rice seed production in the Krasnodar region. It is shown that over the last 10 years in Kuban a full variety changing took place, which was caused by State support of rice seed production on the federal and the regional levels. Agricultural producers of the Krasnodar region have completely stopped cultivation of medium-ripening rice of Liman variety, increasing acreage of new varieties such as Victoriya, Sonet, Diamant, etc. which allowed to increase crop yield from 47,1 centner/ha in 2006 to 63,0 centners/ha in 2015 and to improve the quality of commercial grain, decreasing the content of red-grain forms average in the Krasnodar region from 20,5% in 2006 to 1,8% in 2015. Legal basis of realization of state agrarian policy in the field of seed production of agricultural crops, including rice is reviewed, recent changes in the legislation of the Krasnodar region concerning seed production of agricultural crops are shown, as it was reflected in the Law of the Krasnodar region № 3062-KZ dated 28.11.2014 "On the regulation of certain relations in the field of seed production in the Krasnodar region". Areas contributing to the development of the rice seed production in the Kuban region are identified for further conducting of variety changing, introducing new high-yielding varieties into production as well as varieties of special purpose for import substitution
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents a study of acclimatization characteristics and the effectiveness in the use of Holstein black-and-white cattle imported from Germany, Denmark and the USA under the conditions of the Central Non-Black Soil Area of Russia. The analysis shows that the imported animals are exposed to a number of stress factors that often cause the diseases and serious losses of cattle. The main reasons for the losses of heifers were the pathologies of the reproductive organs and the mammary gland (26,3%), locomotor system and distal extremities (15%), respiratory organs (21,2%), etc. The highest-producing dairy cows were those imported from the USA (9158 kg of milk throughout the first lactation). For the yield of milk, they are superior to animals imported from Germany in 1828 kg (P≥0,999) and those imported from Denmark in 1184 kg (P≥0,999). The average American Holsteins’ milk over a 305-day lactation is higher in fat (4,14%) than that of their German (in 0,28%) and Danish (in 0,21%) counterparts (P≥0,999). The same tendency is observed in the protein content in the milk
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ROLE OF PUMPKIN FLOUR IN FORMATION OF QUALITY OF WAFERS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionTo study the effect of pumpkin flour on the physical and chemical parameters of semi-finished and finished products, 10, 15, 20 % of the weight of wheat flour in the dough was incorporated to the dough mass. As a result of the research and the analysis of wafers with different PF dosages, the dosage of 15 % pumpkin seed flour from the wheat flour mass in the dough was accepted as the optimum one. After selecting the optimum dosage, the experiment on identifying the dependence of dough viscosity on the shear rate was carried out. The samples were taken without adding PF into dough and with adding PF for 15% from the weight of the flour in the dough. The results showed that the viscosity of the control dough sample was higher than that with 15% of flour from pumpkin seeds. This is due to the general decrease of the amount of swellable proteins in the dough due to the incorporation of PF. Thus, we can conclude that the introduction of the investigated additive into the wafer dough does not obstruct dosing the semifinished product into the wafer moulds. The analysis of the obtained data as a result of the research work has shown that incorporating pumpkin seeds flour into the recipe of wafers is expedient both in terms of enriching the product with proteins, fats and biologically active substances and in terms of improving the process in the production