06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
There were reviewed the results of the study of the dependence of main phenological phases of development of corn hybrids of different maturity groups of the selection of Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture named after P.P. Lukyanenko in the arid zone of Central Ciscaucasia (Ross 199, Ross 299, Krasnodar 382 and Krasnodar 410) and the AllRussian Research Institute of Corn (Mashuk 170, Newton, RIC 345 and Eric), as well as early-middle Rossiyskaya 1 from the changes of average daily air temperature of planting dates and preplant seed treatment by the preparation "TMTD-plus", containing the growth promoter called Krezatsin in its composition. The studies were conducted in accordance with the thematic plan of scientific researches of the department of crop and forage production of Stavropol State Agrarian University. The technology of maize growing on the experimental plot corresponds to the standard technology for this area and culture. The sowing was performed in three stages. The first (early) sowing period was at t = + 7 ... +8 ° C. The second (recommended) – was at t = + 10 ... + 12 ° C. The third (later) sowing period was at t = +15 ° C. There was identified a high inverse correlation between the average daily air temperature and the duration of the intraphase periods of maize propagation. Thus, at the shifting of maize sowing dates with the second half of May on the second half of April we have optimization of heat regime in the generative period and rising of the efficiency of use of thermal resources of the region. There was marked the acceleration of development of corn seedlings when the average daily air temperatures was up to 12 ° C at the samples with the application of the disinfectant TMTD-plus
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PRODUCTS OF PROCESSING OF RAPESEED IN FEEDING OF FARM ANIMALS AND POULTRY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In the current economic conditions of the import substitution, special importance is given to the search for new feed sources, methods of preparing them for feeding, the use of biologically active substances and enzymes. At the forefront of feed production is rape as breeding work with this culture has showed positive results. Currently, selectionists have bred yellow double-zero "00" varieties of rapeseeds free of erucic acid of "Canole" type, that have low glucosinolate level. The development of new and modern technology standards are required for preparation them for feeding, since they are fundamentally different from the previously used rapeseed varieties and have fewer restrictions for feeding to different types of farm animals and poultry. The article presents a fairly lengthy and reasoned review of the literature of a large number of authors on the topic, as well as given rapeseed market analysis, rational and advanced methods of preparing rapeseed processed products for feeding to young and adult animals. Much attention is paid to the use of a variety of biologically active substances and enzymes, which improve digestion and absorption of nutrients from rations with rapeseed processingproducts, increase productivity and reduce feed costs per unit of production. The use of processing products of rapeseed improves the profitability of livestock production. Feeding of rapeseedcake to cattle increases the protein content and volatile fatty acids in the rumen content, increases the number of infusoria and decreases ammonia levels. The inclusion of rape forage in diets of farm animals and poultry improves hematological parameters. Products of rapeseed processing of the varieties with low glucosinolatesa1re recommended for the rations of farm animals and poultry depending on the species, age and physiological state
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THE INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPE OF RAMS ON THE QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF MEAT
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article presents the results of the qualitative assessment of meat of crossbred rams. The analysis of the data shows that crossbred rams of 2, 3 and 4 groups increased the absolute mass of muscle tissue compared with purebred 12.3; of 18.2 and 25.6%, respectively. Fine-wooled rams were superior in the relative content of bone in carcasses of crossbred 1.1- 4.2 percent. Output of pulp for 1 kg of bones had the advantage of crossbred rams 2, 3 and 4 groups compared with purebred 0.12; 0.24 percent and 0.44 kg respectively. The analysis of the data shows that in carcasses of young animals of all the groups the greatest specific weight took cuts of the 1st sort. Nevertheless, the valuable parts to carcass weight balance was higher in the carcasses of the crossbred calves. So, rams 2, 3 and 4 groups, this advantage was 1.9; 4.5 and 4.7%, respectively. Thus, the analysis of a complex of indicators characterizing the quality of meat rams of different genotypes revealed that the superiority for the studied indices took place for two - and three-bred animals. These options of both simple and complex industrial crossing are promising and can be implemented and used in the farms of Merino and crossbred sheep
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HARMFULNESS OF SONCHUS OF PINK IN SOWING SUNFLOWER
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article presents the results of the study of harmfulness of pink sonchus in sunflowers plantations
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article gives a brief summary on the results of the introduction of rose varieties of climbing type in the central sub-zone of the Krasnodar region. Starting from the year 2000 in our institute a collection of roses from different garden groups, which includes 164 varieties, has been formed. Presently the rose varieties with long stems (from 2.5 m or more) are popular among specialists of landscape industry and floristlovers. Therefore we carry on introductions and study rose varieties of the groups of Rambler and LargeFlowered Climber. Rose varieties with valuable decorative signs, with enhanceable resistance to cold and drought-resistingness are selected. The valuable varieties and sources of the indicated signs are identified. Varieties of Albertine, American Pillar, Devichiy grezy are the sources of bright flower color; Bobbie James, Dorothy Perkins, Duc de Constantine - sources of long (more than 4 meters) of flexible shoots Warthburg - the source of early flowering. Variety New Daun - one of the few varieties of Rambler, which is characterized by re-bloom throughout the growing season in the conditions of the Krasnodar region. The indicative collection of several rose varieties includes the group of Large-Flowered Climber. A variety called Adzhimushkay is a source of large fragrant flowers of bright and early flowering. For the variety of Crimskiy Motive we noted the presence of a valuable feature - long flowering during the dry season (July-August). Flammentanz was included into the collection as one of the most winter resistant varieties of large-flowered. Promising varieties of the series of Super Rambler in the conditions of Krasnodar in the dry season formed short shoots, and flowers were not formed. Rose varieties included into the collection can be considered indicative of "anchor" genotypes, which are valuable for involvement into the selection process
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article has considered the influence of modern climate changes on the intensity of erosion processes within the boundaries of the basic landscapes of the region. It has given the results of the spatial distribution of the rainfalls. The most noticeable climate changes of the Bryansk region are reflected in the decrease in the activity of erosion during snowmelt due to the lower amounts of snow and soil frost depth. In the area, the dynamics of rainfall does not detect a single trend. The processes of erosion and deflation are studied in the relationship, the manifestation of these processes on the territory of the Bryansk region. It has published the results of the risk analysis of erosion and deflation on forest soils of the region and justified the application of G. V. Bastrakov’s method for modeling erosion-resistant agricultural landscapes. This approach has a number of advantages over the other known methods. In our case, regardless of soil and climatic and geomorphological conditions, the challenge is to ensure such events in which erosion resistance of the land will not be below a critical value. The research results are the initial data in designing soil conservation activities on the territory of the Bryansk region. The obtained data of the erosive properties of soils from climatic changes enable the study and forecasting of the development of agricultural landscapes of the region in the medium term
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SELECTION OF RICE PRODUCTIVITY BY SELECTION FROM HYBRID GENERATION OF WELL-GRAINED PANICLES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
During 2012-2015 from the two fissile populations of rice hybrid Il.14 x Kuboyar and Il.28 x Kuboya we conducted multidirectional selection of panicles with low, medium and high number of grains in them. It was established a different reaction to the selection of hybrid generations by yield. The lowest yield was formed at planting grain from small panicles, intermediate - from the middle panicles and biggest - from the major panicles. The reaction to selection decreased with each successive generation. In the hybrid Il.14 x Kuboyar at positive selection of the yield increase towards the initial population F2 was in F3 - 10,5%, in the F4 - 3,8% and F5 - 1,9%, at Il.28 x Kuboyar - respectively 4, 4%, 3.1% and 0.7%. At negative selection in Il.14 x Kuboyar there was a decrease of yield on 7.7% F3, in F4 on 6.9% and in F5 on 0.2%. By years of research was not observed variations in grain yield obtained from the panicle with an average grainness and generally was at the level of the original population. At the hybrid Il.28 x Kuboyar for negative selection of the relative yield initially decreased on 1.7% in F3, while then for all kinds of selection to the fifth generation grew up and different to a lesser extent than the first the hybrid, although the ranks of the values preserved. The yield from a fraction of well-grained was 98.4%, medium grained - 96.5%, low grained - 94.2% of the initial Kuboyar variety
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FROST RESISTANCE OF CRIMEAN INDIGENOUS GRAPE VARIETIES AND THEIR HYBRIDS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article highlights the issues of grape plants resistance to low temperatures; it is an urgent problem for all wine-growing regions of the world, located in the zone of risky agriculture. Losses caused by frost, indicate long-standing necessity of perfection of assortment in terms of enhancing its hardiness by enriching more resistant genotypes obtained both through the introduction or naturalization, as well as from the crossing of indigenous with interspecies hybrids. Methodology for evaluating frost resistance properties of the material served as a preparation for the originality of his research and experimental evaluation of the unique divisibility properties of the aim. Thus, we initially conducted hardening of matured cuttings at positive temperature plus 8 plus 4 ° C for 14 days (I quenching phase) and a negative temperature minus 5 ° C-minus 7 ° C for 9 days and minus 10 ° C-1 day (II hardening phase). Then the cuttings we frozen in the temperature range from minus 16 ° C to the next steps of consistent freezing (minus 16 ° C - 2 days; minus 18 ° C - 2 days; minus 20 ° C - 2 days; minus 22 ° C – 1day, minus 24 ° C - 1 day, minus 26 ° C - 1 day, minus 28 ° C - 1 day and minus 30 ° C - 8 hours). After freezing of cuttings of each variety, the sample was placed on the 3 days in the refrigerator at the temperature of + 2 ° C to their gradual thawing. Cuttings were grown at room temperature on water. As a result, obtained by the accounting: the lowest frost-resistance among the studied forms of parental Crimean origins was found in grades of Shabash, Soldayya and Solnechnodolinsky; the varieties of Dzevat kara, Kokur bely, Kokur cherny, Misket, Misgyuli kara, Sari Pandas were set as a weak level (-20 °C); Aybatly, Kefesiya, Kok pandas and Ekim kara have average level up to -22 °C; the highest frost-resistance - 24 °C – was shown by Khersonessky and Kapselsky. Also, we have identified synthetic frost-resistant F1-population and plus-transgressive selection form
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GROWTH OF RICE VARIETY BY GROUPS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
High growth-rate of plantlet is the integral index of intensity of physiological processes at rice and other cultures. 20 typical plantlets from each of two variants were studded (in the distilled water in thermostat at a temperature 29° C) by: length of embryonic root and coleoptile. Comparative analysis of trait characterizing the growth rates of rice varieties showed reliable advantage of Russian ones above the Italian and Chinese. Local varieties, regionalized until the year 2000, exceed new ones on this trait. Highest growth rates were characterized by medium grain samples. The white grain and red grain varieties are excelled other groups on the height of plantlet. Analysis rates of height of plantlets in the distinguished groups showed the necessity of prosecution of improvement of the above enumerated signs at the varieties of late term of ripening, long grain, with Waxy gene, colored grain. We recommend to sow this type of varieties on fields with good leveling, because of low speed of growth
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Productivity of seeds of cereal crops essentially depends on the quality of the seed grain, which is being defined both by biological condition of seeds and technologies and technical resources, which are being used in, machine processing of seed heap. In this connection, different injuries of weevils which are occurred while mechanical and thermomechanical influences from tools of machines and aggregates have got vital importance. Apart from the breaches of integrity of the weevil’s cover there are also exist traumatizing changes of its inside structures which are frequently covered with casings and do not being viewed with visual inspection. Conditions of inside structures of weevils were researched with radiographic method and also were defined possible types of traumatizing changes which depend on mechanical and thermomechanical influences, which were eliminated in universal classification of injures among the inside structures of seeds of agricultural cultures. Also, wу have analyzed the influence of chosen types of injuries on seeds’ sowing qualities and found that all injures of weevils essentially and differentially influenced the sowing and fruitful qualities and should be considered while choosing the technological schemes of preparation, working tools and while tuning the aggregates’ regime of work attached to the machine processing of grain and seed heap
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