06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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IMPROVEMENT OF SEED CROPS IN THE KRASNODAR REGION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The main detected problems in selection system and seed industry consist of depreciation of laboratory equipment and specialized technique; the lack of funds and low incentives for creators of sorts; decreasing of volumes of elite and original seeds production in the Krasnodar region; common use of low reproduction seeds in production of grain. The existing stairs of seed multiplication system are examined, as well as their organizational and legal status. Directions of improvement of system of state support in this field are defined on the basis of presenting subsidies and preferences on purchasing of import of highly specialized equipment, provided that there are no domestic equivalent; correction of requirements in order of receipt of support for development of elite and original seed industry. The necessity of creation of united seed selection center of seed industry in the Krasnodar region on the basis of a specialized research Institute (KNISH of Lukyanenko). Though, as the result of providing by center of consistent recommendations on peculiarities of cultivation of sorts and their adaptive placement, maintenance of contractual relations based on principals of franchising, evaluation of sort and sowing index of quality of seed lots and hybrids, will allow to speed up the development of domestic seed industry, increase the quality of corn farming in region
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ACTUAL PROBLEMS IN ORGANIZATION OF FEEDING IN MODERN CONDITIONS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Modern pig farming is a leading global livestock industry, but the organization of adequate balanced feeding is actual for the industry. Digestibility of metabolizable energy of feed depends on various factors, including the content of non-starch polysaccharides, which have a negative effect on the digestibility of key nutrients of the feed, lead to a decrease in growth rate and conversion efficiency of nutrients. Enzyme preparations which composition generally includes Xylanase, cellulase, β-glucanase activities, may avoid the negative impact of non-starch polysaccharides. Today's promising preparation that combines the functions of two feed additives - feed enzyme and probiotic, is an enzyme preparation Cellobacterin that, due to the particular organization of the enzyme complex, increases the digestibility of barley grain and effectively effects on sunflower meal. As a probiotic preparation it inhibits the development of pathogenic microorganisms and promotes the formation of beneficial microflora in the digestive tract. The introduction of Cellobacterin enzyme preparation into the compound feed with a high content of barley grain and sunflower meal increases the body weight of young pigs by 4.8% and reduces the cost of feed per 1 kg of live weight gain. The results of hematological studies found no significant deviations from the physiological norm in the morphological picture of the blood in experimental animals. The group, where Cellobacterin was added, showed higher vitamin A content by 2.8% as compared to the control, while vitamin E is found in both groups on the same level. Based on the results of the research to improve the productivity and growth rate in compound feed based on barley and sunflower meal with higher fiber content, it is recommended to include in the compound feed Cellobacterin enzyme preparation at the rate of 1 kg per 1 ton of feed
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article presents results of the assessment of the efficiency of non-hormonal preparations which were not earlier applied in culture in vitro with high physiological activity (the preparations received by production of furfural, and also derivatives and compositions of organic acids) during regenerations of microshoots of plum, comparison of their influence with influence of growth regulators which are traditionally used in clonal micropropagation. These experimental preparations were received when processing waste of agricultural production. In this work we used: technology of clonal micropropagation of plants of in vitro, statistical data processing by method of the dispersive analysis. The objects of researches were microshoots of plum of a Stanley variety. We have established that on mediums with the preparations "Universal", sodium succinate, potassium succinate, amber acid, L-1 the large, intensively colored plum microshoots develop surpassing control (medium with BAP of 1 mg/l, IBA of 0,1 mg/l, gibberellic acid of 0,5 mg/l) in morphometric parameters. Thus, the preparations "Universal", sodium succinate, potassium succinate, amber acid, L-1 in concentration of 4,0 mg/l proved as the growth factors which are favorably influencing on plantlets’ regeneration and a qualitative condition of microshoots of plum
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Peculiarities of breeding oidium-resistant genotypes in crossing Crimea autochthonous grape varieties with complex interspecific hybrids were studied. Twentytwo populations consisting of 1323 seedlings were analyzed over a period of 2008-2014. The highest oidium resistance was registered in the progeny of the cross Khersonesskii х ЖС 26-205 (6.8 points), and the average estimate of oidium resistance across all the study populations was higher than that of the initial autochthonous grapes of the Crimea. The level of hypothetical heterosis in the majority of the study populations indicates that, on the whole, the hybrid seedlings possess a higher oidium resistance relative to the initial Crimea autochthonous grapes. The highest breeding value was associated with cross combinations having the complex interspecific hybrids Muscat JIM, Spartanets Magaracha and Magarach 31-77-10 in their pedigrees. The cross combination Muscat JIM х Shabash was the most efficient, yielding 10.7 per cent of oidium-resistant seedlings. It was reliably established that a high level of the genotypically determined inheritance of oidium resistance is found in crosses with the participation of the interspecific forms Magarach № 31-77-10 and Muscat JIM (female parents) and Spartanets Magaracha and Tsitronnyi Magaracha (male parents). The expediency of this direction of breeding research was proved
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INFLUENCE THE STOCKS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF GRAPES AND ALIGOTE WINE
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article presents results of the six-year study of the effect of stocks Riparia × Rupestris 101-14 and Berlandieri × Riparia Kober 5BB on yield, quality of grapes and Aligote wine in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. Effect of stock on scion strongly depends on the annual weather conditions. In a given year, there is a stock better adapted to the weather conditions. Stocks of Riparia × Rupestris 101-14 increase winter hardiness, and the stock Berlandieri × Riparia Kober 5BB - drought-resistant varieties of Aligote. On average, during six years the stock has not been resulted in significant differences between the percentages of developed into shoots buds and fertile shoots shown in the coefficients of fruiting and fruitbearing shoots of Aligote. Among all the influencing factors, the degree of influence of stocks on the percentage of buds have evolved to 16,4 %, by the percentage of productive shoots 19,8 %, a factor of the fruiting shoots and fruitfulness of 3,9 % and 2,7 %, respectively. Some differences in forming of generative organs of wintering buds along the fruiting twig under the influence of stocks do not lead to the significant difference in biological terms of fruiting varieties in the whole piece. On average, six years of significant differences in the influence of rootstocks on the number of berries in bunches, hundred berries weight, an average weight of bunches and yield is not defined - the degree of influence of stocks on mentioned indicators is 0,1-9,7 %. A significant impact of stocks on the dynamics of sugar accumulation in berries has not been discovered. The degree of influence of stocks onto the final sugar content and acidity of berries is 2.9 and 1.0%, respectively. The wine produced from Aligote berries on a stock Riparia × Rupestris 101-14 has the better tasting score than on the stock Berlandieri × Riparia Kober 5BB (7.9 and 7.8 points, respect vely). The main influence on fruiting of the variety Aligote was provided by the conditions of the current and previous vegetation. Within the conditions of the central zone of the Krasnodar region the cultivating of the variety of Aligote is reasonable for both studied stocks
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The process of the presowing seed treatment with alternating electromagnet field of the commercial frequency (EMF CF) 50 Hz is economically efficient. The use of the EMF CF 50 Hz in the unit with ring pole pieces allows increasing the germinating energy and power. The electromagnet seed treatment in the units with ring pole pieces is the perspective process of the presowing treatment which does not make unhealthy influence on the operating personnel. At the presowing treatment one has to take into account three factors; they are the arrangement of seeds in the working chamber, the time of treatment and the seed humidity. In this article the authors recommend to promote the unit consisting of a magnetic circuit with ring pole pieces of the rectangular cross-section, a magnetizing coil and an embedding of the nonmagnetic material in the working chamber which allows to increase the germinating energy of spring barley by 10% and the germination by 6,5%. The addition to crop capacity has run to 7% as a result of the spring barley treatment. We analyzed the parameters of the working chamber of the alternating electromagnetic field source of industrial frequency of 50 Hz, we established the dependence of the rate of treatment on the parameters and modes of installation, which are confirmed by laboratory tests. Long-term field studies revealed that the field germination rate of the seeds of spring barley treated with EMF IF, even under adverse weather conditions, exceeds by more than 8% of the field germination rate of control samples
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article presents the material of forecasting for grape yield of next year and establishing the optimal loading if cutting of bushes. The material includes 14 varieties of grapes, 11 of them are technical and 3 are table ones. For each year of stable high yield of grapes, it is necessary to pre-set the optimum length of fruit cutting of shoots and optimum load on the bush healthy eyes. To do this for each variety on the eve of trimming bushes we perform optimum productivity analysis of wintering buds of fruit along the length of shoots, i.e. we implement forecasting of grape yield for next year. We have a plan of forecasting for yields of vineyards by microscopy of wintering buds on one-year shoots of fruit ripened grapes in order to establish the potential of embryonic establishment of inflorescences in the central holes of buds. Based on the analysis of buds, the indices were calculated for wintering fruiting buds and their degree of damage during the growing season. It was revealed, that the majority of grape varieties under study shows high tab embryonic inflorescences in central buds in overwintering buds for next year yield. Higher rates at a rate of fruiting buds were wintering in the varieties: Moldova (section 27). - 1.66; Bianca (section 6). - 1.83; Kunlean (section 15). - 1.71; Merlot (section 14). - 1.64; Saperavi (section 56). - 1.76. The lowest rates of fructification - the varieties Muscat Hamburg (section 21) and Augustine (section 11) and were respectively 1.20 and 1.24. As a planned productivity, we offered the optimal loading model of cutting bushes buds. As a result of productivity analyzes of buds along the length of the fruit shoots in 2016 we recommended to carry out pruning of fruit annual shoots 3-4 buds of the form of AZOS-1 and the form of cordon - 5-6 buds
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PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF TRITICALE IN FEEDING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In the decision to establish solid fodder resources in the arid parts of Southern Russia triticale should take its rightful place. It must be introduced instead of winter wheat, inferior to the yield, quality and output of nutrients per unit of area. It is necessary to maximize the potential of new varieties of winter triticale, as the productivity of animals largely depends on the varietal characteristics of the culture. Triticale has attracted special attention by its ability to exceed the parental forms on productivity and quality, and resistance to adverse soil and climatic conditions and the most dangerous disease is not inferior to rye. The generalized data of most researchers characterize triticale as a factor in increasing the productivity of animals and reducing the cost of feed per unit of output, although in some cases there is a negative trend in reduction of productivity by the replacement of cereal grain components for winter triticale. Due to the enrichment of compound feed with triticale grain by enzyme preparations and enzyme-probiotic supplements we can greatly increase productivity, digestibility of main nutrients, improve meat quality and reduce the cost of feed per unit of output. We can increase the productive effect of triticale grain by extrusion. In physiological metabolic experiments, it is found that by extruding of triticale grain the digestibility of the main nutrients is increased by 1.3-1.8%. Extruding of triticale before feeding promotes slaughter yield and increases the levels of protein in the muscle. The use of triticale in rations instead of wheat reduces the cost of the diet, the cost of the manufactured products and increases profitability. The study of achievements of scientists from various scientific organizations necessitates the further breeding work with the culture of triticale and requires the development of innovative technological methods that can help reduce the concentration of pentosans and beta-glucans in the grain
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
There were reviewed the results of the study of the dependence of main of phenological phases of development of corn hybrids of different maturity groups of selection of Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture named. P.P. Lukyanenko in a zone of sufficient moisture of Central Ciscaucasia (Ross 199, Ross 299, Krasnodar 382 and Krasnodar 410) and the All-Russian Research Institute of Corn (Mashuk 170, Newton, RIC 345 and Eric), as well as early-middle middle Rossiyskaya 1 from the change of average daily air temperature at different dates of sowing and preplant seed treatment by the preparation "TMTD-plus" containing the growth promoter called Krezatsin in its composition. The studies were conducted in accordance with the thematic plan of scientific researches of the department of crop and forage production of Stavropol State Agrarian University. The technology of maize growing on the experimental plot corresponds to the standard technology for this area and culture. The sowing was performed in three stages. The first (early) sowing period was at t = + 7 ... +8 ° C. The second (recommended) – was at t = + 10 ... + 12 ° C. The third (later) sowing period was carried out at t = +15 ° C. There was identified a high inverse correlation between the average daily air temperature and the duration of the intraphase periods of maize propagation. Thus, at the shifting of maize sowing dates with the second half of may on the second half of April, the optimization of heat regime in the generative period and rising of efficiency of use of thermal of resources of the region. There was marked the acceleration of development of corn seedlings when the average daily air temperatures was up to +12 ° C at the samples with the application of the disinfectant TMTD-plus
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
This article deals with the results of the research work concerning the influence of foliar application of grape of Saperavi variety by soluble fertilizers of new generation-Nutrivant plus and Kelik potassiumsilicon. The influence of these fertilizers on yield and actual fruitfulness have also been investigated. The experiments have been carried out both in pureform and in a tankmixture with growth regulator “VIMPEL”. The treatment by these fertilizers has been done three times in the following period; after flowering, in fruit growth phase,(pea-size berry) and in the phase of fruit maturing The foliar treatment in a pure form as well as in a tank mixture led to increase of bunch weight, harvest per bush and the yield capacity of plantation. The influence of fertilizers depended not only on variants of experiment but also on weather conditions of the previous and current year as well as on the previous yield. The negative correlation between the indexes of yield structure of the previous year and the actual fruitfulness of the current year has been revealed. However, the character of these correlative connections depends on many factors and greatly differs according to the year. As a result of these investigations, it was stated that foliar application of Saperavi grape variety by fertilizers of a new generation Nutrivant plus and Kelik potassiumsilicon in a tank mixture with growth regulator “Vimpel” in periods after flowering, berry growth(pea-size berry) and at the beginning of berry maturing did not promote a stable and significant increase of the main indexes of an actual fruitfulness. The real increase observed in all experimental variants was achieved mainly due to the increase of the average weight of the bunch
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