№ 105(1), January, 2015
Public date: 30.01.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 64, 130 kb
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ORIGIN, EVOLUTION AND DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN NATURE
DescriptionThe article considers current trends and unsolved problems in studies of the origin and evolution of communication in nature. Distinctive features of natural language, its biological, cognitive and sociocultural foundations are revised from the perspectives of new findings in this field. The article also investigates the main characteristics of primal and basic forms of "communication" (e.g. in bacteria and plants). It is argued that to them are more applicable non-representational models of communication, because they are not based on the representation of meanings or the processes of cognition and interpretation. On the example of the acoustic signals of birds and primates it is shown that they have such linguistic features as referentiality, plasticity and sociocultural heritability. Discovery of the faculty, for instance in some species of birds, for a "semantically compositional communication" ("semantic compositionality"), reveals also the presence of the "protosyntax" in animal communication. Considered studies enable to bring together features of communication in nature and natural language and to see the evolution of communication as the more gradualistic process than previously thought. Nevertheless, it is emphasized that there is a need for the development in the modern studies the socio-cultural approaches to communication that take into account the non-genetic inheritance system and the cumulative nature of culture
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionA number of information and semantic models has been developed using artificial intelligence system AIDOS-X. The similarity between the movement of the elements of the lunar orbit and the dynamics of the instantaneous pole of the Earth, as well as violations of the global atmospheric circulation and water, leading to the emergence of episodes of El Niño and La Niña are justified. We have explored a possibility of semantic information models equatorial regions of the Pacific for prediction of global climatic disturbances in the tropical latitudes. We made a forecast about breaking of global ocean circulation, or the occurrence of El Niño episode of the classical type in 2015
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Description
The article is dedicated to the features of the correlations between the indicators of shoot and root growth ability of grape cuttings varieties of Moldova and Vostorg of different lengths, under the influence of the processing them with Norwegian growth regulator - Radix plus. We have found that in the control variants on both varieties there are fairly close correlation connections between the number of shoots, their length and the degree of blooming buds. However, in the advanced options the character of the relationship between these parameters depends on the varietal characteristics manifested in the potential root activity cuttings. For Moldova cuttings which are characterized by high root activity, the use of Radix plus led to some strengthening of the correlations, and for Vostorg (with the weak activity of rooting of cuttings) - to decreasing of the correlations. This fact may indicate that the negative effects of growth regulators on the activity of endogenous hormones in the cuttings of Vostorg varieties, which explains the decrease of rooting of longer cuttings. Processing the cuttings of Moldova with Radix plus led to increasing in the frequency and extension of the correlations between shoot and root growth ability of cuttings. For Vostorg, on the contrary, the use of Radix plus led to the weakening of these connections. The reason for this phenomenon, as is the case with figures of shoot growth ability may be a change in the activity of the endogenous phytohormone influenced by exogenous auxin. Character of correlations identified between indicators of root growth ability of cuttings shows that rooting depends primarily on the hormonal activity of cuttings, number of roots - on cuttings plastic substances, and the yield of cuttings with 3 roots and more - on both of these points
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FEATURES OF LOAN COMMITMENTS IN FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS
DescriptionThe article has examined the legal nature of borrowings. The author carries out a comparative legal analysis of debt obligations in comparison with the obligations arising from the contract of bank deposit, bank account agreement, loan agreement, factoring agreement, the insurance contract, the contract of storage. On the basis of a comparative research of the obligations arising from the loan agreement with the other financial liabilities we have determined the state of borrowings in the financial obligations. The author proves the general nature of the obligation of the loan in relation to other financial obligations. A contract of loan for the purpose of its subject and obligations arising from it is much closer to the lease contract and the loan, rather than to the same insurance contract or bank deposit. Borrowings are different from financial obligations only by the fact that its objects are things that contain generic characteristics, interchangeable and not individually defined, as it is in the case of contracts of property employment and loans. An important difference between the loan agreements from other financial instruments is the fact that in the loan agreement the property is transferred to the ownership and not in the possession and use of the borrower
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PECULIARITIES OF NON-INFECTIONAL ARTHRITIS IN GROWING POULTRY IN AN INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe problem of industrial poultry farming is the emergence of a growing birds’ arthritis. Inflamed joints are usually seen in poultry and accompanied by the inability to take food and water. The most characteristic of this problem in broiler chickens, young chickens of egg cross, i.e. birds of a short period of use. This is the reason for their rejection of the herd. Culling chickens are 10%, which furthermore reduces the total amount of livestock and leads to a reduction in the cost-effectiveness of growing birds. The analysis of our data gives a reason to believe that the main reason for culling poultry is acute inflammation of the joints or arthri-tis. According to the authors to ensure optimal rearing program, which should include the prevention of premature retirement of birds not only due to infectious diseases, but also the prevention of metabolic disorders and the exclusion of factors that could cause disruption of immunological reactivity. Currently, this program needs to be improved, which is particularly important in relation to vaccine pre-vention
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THE ADAPTABILITY OF VARIETIES OF WEIGELA (WEIGELA THUNB., CAPRIFOLIACEAE) IN THE CITY OF KRASNODAR
DescriptionThe success of the introduction of plants depends on their vitality and adaptation to new existence conditions. Different adaptability of plants depends not only on the species, but also on their individual properties. The article studies the characteristics of adaptation of the perspective ornamental shrubs - Weigela, Caprifoliaceae. We have shown the variety’s morphological features, the growth and development of varieties of Weigela that have been taken during the research in the experimental Garden Center (NСRRIH&V). There is an estimation of growth rate and its dependence on the structure of different varieties of Weigela’s crown. We have examined the features of the formation of leaves: we have defined the indicators such as the number, length and leaf area; biomass, dry weight; productivity of leaves. We have estimated Weigela leaves photosynthetic activity in the introduction’s region. We have determined the number of photosynthetic pigments in the studied cultivars of Weigela’s leaves. We have found out that Weigela’s leaves pigments’ synthesis largely depends on their natural color, quality and the vegetation phase. These studies allow us to conclude that all the studied varieties of Weigela can be characterized by a high degree of adaptation and deserve widespread in Krasnodar gardens and parks due to the high decorative flowering period
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OPTIMIZATION OF GRAPE GROWING TECHNOLOGY BASED ON USING THE METHOD OF YIELD PROGNOSIS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article highlights the questions of preliminary determination of the yield of vineyards, grape harvest prediction method to determine the optimal length of fruit cutting of shoots and load bushes wintering eyes, kidneys examined productivity index wintering buds (CP), which shows how many inflorescences have an average for each left eye escape when cutting to length, including the dead. It was found that the yield of grapes has a great influence the degree of differentiation of inflorescence of rudiments in the central buds overwintering buds. From the moment of laying the harvest of grapes in hibernating little eyes in the form of embryonic inflorescences until commercial harvest takes two growing seasons. During this period the generative organs of grape plants are affected by many factors of the environment. Heterogeneity was found of buds along the length of one-year matured shoots. It is expressed in the fact that many grape varieties fruitfulness buds at the base of the shoot are much lower compared with upstream eyes. A certain death of wintering buds (primarily, the main kidney) at the end of the growing season, before the autumn frosts. The main reason for the death of buds during the growing season - from defeat fungal diseases. Taking into account the percentage of deaths of buds proposed a new exponent forming embryonic kidney main inflorescence - productivity index of buds by the ratio of embryonic stems to the number of buds, including the dead. Thus, annual forecasting of grape harvest next year to cutting the bushes by the proposed method makes it possible to scientifically establish the optimal cut length of shoots and fruit load on the bush eyes. This helps to realize directly the potential of each variety and vineyard site and get maximum yields even in years with low fruit tab formations
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Description
A diet of a modern man affects the formation of a healthy lifestyle very highly. It supplies the body with the main and irreplaceable nutrients, mineral components and energy. The Russian Federation population surveys, which were carried out by government agencies of the country show us that there is a lack of many nutrients with high nutritional value. Russian market is gradually stuffed with food products which have high nutritional value. For the maintenance of health, active longevity, and for improving their performance, people must consume their organism with all the necessary nutrients. That's why achieving an optimal balance among the nutrients is one of the important question of vital activity. In this article, there were considered optimization approaches to human diet with considering different types of metabolism and maintain weight with using economic and mathematical methods. Also in this article you can find the calculated values of the daily values depending on your calorie eating plan, anthropometric parameters and energy expenditure. We obtained daily value of calories and distributed basic food components- carbohydrates, proteins and fats, and also we calculate the optimal diet for the results of each type of physique - ectomorph, endomorph and mesomorph
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionIn this article we propose a method of determining the share or the significance (weight) of indicators of Beaver and risks R in the portfolio formed by these parameters allowing us to minimize the mean square error evaluating the effectiveness of the portfolio (risk) in the assessment of the financial condition of the companies investigated. The proposed method is the minimization of a quadratic form in variables satisfying lengthy conditions, i.e. the quadratic programming. This technique is implemented using four methods of optimization: analytical method, using built-in function minimization block given, the penalty function method and the gradient method. More so, this technique allows, as shown by the results of the computational experiments, the expert without routine statistical data processing to obtain additional information on the credit worthiness of the investigated enterprise and make a more informed conclusion about its financial condition, which speeds up the decision on granting a loan required by a company. Based on the techniques proposed in this paper, other techniques of assessing the creditworthiness of businesses may be constructed using the results of optimization theory based on well-established applied research methods: Method of evaluating the creditworthiness of Russia, Credit scoring method, the American method, method of Altman and others
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Description
The subjects of the study are the foundations of buildings with a high center of gravity, in particular, the foundations of high-rise buildings with developed upper floors due to the large consoles. From a set of loads, transferred to the high-rise building with a high center of gravity, we can highlight the most significant impacts, affecting the distribution of forces in the elements of the foundation. We reveal the factors playing a special role in the choice of design solutions for the foundations. The practical significance of this research is due to the demand for ground areas in the cities which are being developed, although they were previously considered unsuitable for construction. Today, one of the primary tasks for engineers and architects is increasing technical and economic performance of construction projects and meeting customers' requirements in the individual architecture. As a variant of increasing technical and economic performance of buildings in dense city building conditions is to use the arm structures in their design solutions that both low-rise and high-rise building can achieve the architectural attractiveness of the building and significantly increase the usable floor area. In the research, two types of the foundations were projected for the object which is an eight-apartment building in the ground conditions of Sochi. The analysis was carried out with such software as PC ING +. After receiving the results of numerical analyses we performed a comparative analysis of pile-slab and slab foundation with the seismicity of the construction site. Therefore, we have identified the most rational of two types of foundations