№ 111(7), September, 2015
Public date: 30.09.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 117, 260 kb
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Description
Economic crisis is an integral part of a reproduction cycle of modern economy. Their consequences show both positive and negative influence on functioning of certain subjects and economy in general. In the article the methods of crisis management of enterprises, influence of government bodies on reproduction transformations, possibility of use of foreign experience in the Russian practice of crisis management are considered. The authors have developed the mechanism of anti-recessionary management for companies of the regional economy
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Description
The Russian Federation is one of the largest states on the planet in area, that is why the importance of the researches of problems of rational use of land resources of our state does not cause doubts. One of the main strategic advantages of the Russian Federation before other states is its nature-resource potential. Naturally that the urgency of state management in the part of use of different natural resources was objectively substantiated for the long period of centuries-old history of Russia, and the nature management (forest management, water management, use of animal world objects) was considered as a inalienable, compound part of land management. The most significant category of Russian lands having the unique natural property – fertility is lands of agricultural purpose among which the agricultural lands have the special place and are the main means of production in agriculture. For the last years there was observed the dynamics of structural changes in the sphere of use of land resources directing to the ecologically substantiated stable social and economic development including the decrease of ecological risks under the satisfaction of human demands in the process of use of natural resources as a main factor of socio-economic development of our country. The research of present changes and the assessment of effectiveness of organizational-economic mechanism of land management in the Russian Federation is the urgent task and this article is devoted to the individual questions of this problem
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10.00.00 Philological sciences
DescriptionThe article is written in line with contemporary cognitive studies of language and devoted to identifying meaning content of the concept of “business” and its associative field, verbalized in modern speech of Russian students and definition of the role of foreign language elements in creating this field in Russian language. A linguistic associative experiment (both free and chain) is used as the main method of investigation. As a result of experiment interpretation a structure of the associative field of the concept of business is determined. The field consists of 8 semantic microfields: 1) processes that are typical for business; 2) business entities; 3) business attributes / institutions; 4) positive events and business results; 5) negative events and consequences; 6) personal characteristics of businessmen; 7) money; 8) economic / political terms, related to business. Specific weight of foreign language element in associative field of the concept of “business” is determined generally and in each semantic microfield. An analysis of the ratio of original and foreign language elements of the associative field has found that such microfields as «business attributes» and «business entities» are mostly represented by foreign words (loanwords and their derivatives). Foreign language elements influence verbalization of human and universal components of the semantic field of the concept of «business» such as personality traits and emotions. The conclusion correlates with the basic tendency to borrowing words from English into Russian language. To sum up, 40% of vocabulary of the associative field of the concept of “business” is foreign words
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FOREST AMELIORATION OF SANDY SOILS OF TERSKO-KUMSKOYE INTERFLUVE PLAIN WITH PINE CULTURES
DescriptionThe article considers the regularities of the growth and development of the plantations of Crimean and Scotch pine on sandy soils of Tersko-Kumskoye interfluve plain, presents the classification of forest suitability, estimates the forest growing efficiency and prospects of the use of pine species when forest amelioration of soils, suggests the technologies for forestations arrangement. During the past century there had been grown over 60 hectares of pine cultures on sands of Tersko-Kumskoye interfluve plain under the strict conditions of transition zone dry steppe-semidesert. The Achikulakskaya NILOS VNIALMI (N. K. Lalymenko, V. I. Kabalaliyev, N. S. Zyuz) managed to plant about 60 hectares of Crimean pine and over 5 hectares of Scotch pine cultures in the 70-80-th of the last century, about 50 % of them are still growing. The study of the said forestations led to the following conclusions. On the thick sands (6-8 m) of Bazhigansky forest area the stable growth of Scotch pine continues up to 25-30 years, that of Crimean pine – up to 30-35 years. By the age of 40 the productivity of Crimean pine forestations (170-260 m3/ha) exceeds visibly the accumulated reserve of Scotch pine forest stand (60-100 m3/ha). The increment in height decreases sharply starting at the age of 15-20 years for Scotch pine and at 25-30 for Crimean pine plantations. On the clay sands with the level of low-mineralized ground water of 2,5-3,0 m and despite high fall the stable growth of Crimean pine continues up to 35-40 years and more. On the monophase sands of Tersky forest area the Crimean pine grows relatively slowly during the first 10-15 years though more evenly year by year. The thick lamellar deposits and monophase sands with the depth of sweet ground water of 3-5 m provide the best conditions for forest growing. The longevity of Scotch pine plantations of 50-55 years and that of Crimean pine of 60-65 years can be achieved by current planting technologies and effective conservation of the forestations on the thick sands, while on the medium thick clay sands it can be 60-65 and 70-75 correspondingly, and on the monophase sands on the sites with the additional life-long sweet ground water nutrition – over 80 years. The following measures should be the most effective when afforestation of highly overgrown sites – the many-year fallow and thorough cultivation of inter-rows of young cultures and their planting with coulisses and blocks. When planting of cultures on interfluve plain on lightly overgrown sands of low water capacity the planting of seedlings by combined aggregates type MPP-1 provides the best results. The ecological and economical effectiveness of forest amelioration of pastures forms of the costs of the woody and non-woody forestation resources, their soil-conservation, environment improvement and recreation functions. The effect of one hectare of pasture protective pine coulisses planted on lowdegraded pastures should be about 35 thousand rubles during 50 years (average longevity of forestations), when amelioration of highly overgrazed pastures it would be 130 thousand rubles per year. The main part (80-90 %) of the benefit takes the costs of the prevented loss caused by wind erosion
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LEGAL REGULATION AND SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO THE CONCEPT OF “SANCTIONS”
DescriptionThis article discusses the concept of "sanctions" in constitutional and international law, as it is controversial and debatable. The media and prominent politicians now often use the term "sanctions", it is connected to the Crimea to Russia, and a mixed assessment of the event foreign countries (countries of the European Union, Japan, Switzerland) and international organizations (the Council of Europe, NATO). The author explores different perspectives reveals several scientific approaches to the concept of "authorization". Theoretical aspects of the work were discussed in close connection with the practice, namely, analysis of the process of joining of Crimea to Russia from the point of view of international law and Russian legislation in this regard, the validity of the application of sanctions against the Russian Federation. We were also paying attention to types of sanctions. The article analyzes the comprehensive and targeted sanctions, their distinctive features and the need to use the "mirror" of sanctions for the Russian Federation. Particular attention is paid to the legal regulation of sanctions in international and Russian law. It is noted that in the Russian Federation, legislative regulation of the sanctions received only in the economic sphere. The author highlights some trends in the development of existing legislation in the field of sanctions
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article reviews the results of the study of the influence of lignohumates of the grade "A" («LG- АМ», «LG-А super BIO», «LG-А super L») on the grape vines treatment of the Saperavi variety on the quality must and wine in the Anapо- Taman zone of the Krasnodar region. The technology of the cultivation of grapes on the experimental plot corresponded to the adopted in the JSC "Victory" of Temryuk District, and was accepted for keeping of fruit-bearing plantations area of non-covered viticulture. Agrobiological works were carried out at the optimum time and were of high quality type. Vines of the third year of life, embodied by the scheme in 3,0 x 1,5 m. The forming was a one-sided Guyot with a height of 60 cm in trunk. There was formed the same load by shoots and clusters on the shoots. The treatment of leaf surface bushes with the solutions of lignohumates were conducted twice: 1st - before flowering and 2 nd at the beginning of the formation of berries (20 days after the first one). The spraying was carried out in the early morning hours. The accounting for the grape harvest and sampling to determine the quality of must and wine (10 kg each variant) was conducted in September 20, 2012. Technological and physical-chemical analyzes were carried out in the shop micro winemaking and accredited testing laboratory of grape processing of the SSI NCZSRIHV of RAAS. Preparations "LG-B Bio", "LG-B Super Bio" and "LG-B Super A" as grape plant growth regulators have equal and stable effect
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Description
The topic is «The role of national intelligence in the incorporation of the North Caucasus in the Russian geopolitical space at the end of XIX century – the 1920s (by materials of Adyghe people)». The article is made in the framework of regional competition: «North Caucasus: tradition and modernity» 2014. – Krasnodar region. 14-11-23007 the type of project «A (P)» The topic is «The role of national intelligence in the incorporation of the North Caucasus in the Russian geopolitical space at the end of XIX century – the 1920s (by materials of Adyghe people)».Formation of the Soviet national local history through adyghe intelligentsia began in 20-ies. The active participation of the twentieth century intellectuals in the regional movement was caused and anxiety for the fate of cultural heritage and culture in general, and the changes in the conditions of work and life. Everywhere there were different forms of organization and scale of local history, which set themselves common objectives: a comprehensive study native land, to disseminate knowledge about the homeland of the people. The study region was closely connected with the identification, collection, accounting, protection and use of a variety of historical and cultural monuments. "Golden Age" of the national local lore came in the first post-revolutionary decade. During this period, the efforts of national intelligence unified both within the local history organizations and leading independent research has done a great organization, research served as the basis for further research activities. There was intense accumulation of sources, there were papers on various subjects of national history, attempts writing generalizing works, establish cooperation with the regional and central and local history research organizations
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe researchers of the institute are studying adaptive power of 17 varieties and 6 lines of winter wheat sown after peas using various methods of assessment of their adaptive properties. During the years of study (2012-2014) we found out that environmental conditions which account for 78% have the greatest effect on the trait ‘grain productivity’ in the formation of the yield. The share of genes accounts for 9,7%, the specific correlation ‘geno type x environment’ accounts for 10% which allow calculating adaptive properties. It has been defined that productivity of winter soft wheat changed a lot due to growing conditions and characteristics of varieties. The productivity ranged from 38,7 c/ha (‘Garant’ in 2014) to 76,5 c/ha 9’Lilit’ in 2013). The study found out that the varieties ‘Stanichnaya’, ‘Asket’ and ‘Lilit’ possess the highest response to cultivation with bi=1,15; bi=1,18 and bi=1,25 respectively. The varieties ‘Lilit’, ‘Krasa Dona’, the lines ‘430/07’, ‘260/09’ and 771/09’ possess a high adaptive ability and productivity with 111%, 105%, 108%, 105% and 106% respectively. The study of adaptive properties of winter soft wheat varieties gives an opportunity to distinguish adaptive, stress tolerant varieties with plasticity according to the primary structural elements which form productivity. The varieties ‘Asket’ and ‘Lidiya’ are characterized with high response to cultivation in different environmental conditions. The varieties ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Kapitan’ belong to adaptive cultivars. The varieties ‘Kapitan’, ‘Krasa Dona’ and the line ‘234/07’ are stress tolerant according to the trait ‘grain productivity’; the varieties ‘Kapitan’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Lilit’ and the line ‘771/09’ are stress tolerant according to the trait ‘number of seeds per a ear’; the varieties ‘Lilit’, ‘Krasa Dona’ and the line ‘771/09’ are stress tolerant according to the trait ‘weight of seeds per a ear’
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POLYMORPHISM IN PROMOTER OF PROLACTIN GENE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PRODUCTION TRAITS IN CHICKENS
DescriptionProlactin (PRL) - is a peptide hormone. It effects on metabolic processes in mammals and birds. Indel genotype mutations in a prolactin gene were determined in 595 hens and cocks. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used. We studied four different breeds: Cornish, White Russian, Pushkin, Yurlov crower. Homozygous of insertion II, homozygous deletion of DD and heterozygous ID were observed in all groups. The differences in frequencies of genotypes and alleles were observed in all groups. Homozygotes II and allele I (frequency is 0,83) were the most common for Russian white chickens with high egg production and the lack of the instinct of incubation. Prolactin gene deletion was more common for beef Cornish. The frequency of D allele was 0,84. Pushkin chickens proved to be closer to the egg type. A significant number of heterozygotes with this mutation were noted in a population of Yurlov crower. It is recommended to use gene prolactin as a marker of productive indicators in chickens
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Description
In many areas - the economy, quality management, medicine, the ecology, in safety of flights and others - the problems of analysis, estimation and management of risks have much in common. Therefore, we consider it necessary to develop a general theory of risk. Approaches and methods of this theory will allow in the future solving problems of uniform risk management in specific subject areas. Based on the analysis of scientific publications and industry regulations it must be noted that private risk theories tend to become isolated within themselves, create their own internal standards and systems of regulations. Separately - for banking, separately - for safety, separately - for industrial accidents, etc. In order to construct a general theory of risk we analyze use of the term "risk" in various fields, consider the variety of types of risks, give the basic definitions in the field of analysis, estimation and management of risk. We discuss planetary risks (at Earth as a whole), global risks (at the level of one or more States), financial risks, commercial risks (risks at the level of the immediate environment of the company), and production (internal, operational) risks relating to the activities of individual enterprises (organizations), personal risks. Instruments of total risk theory allow us equally solve the basic problems of analysis, estimation and management of risk for all areas