03.00.00 Biological sciences
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CHANGES IN BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ORDINARY BLACK SOILS AT GLEYISATION (MODEL EXPERIMENT)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of laboratory modeling of gleyisation and its effect on the biological properties of soils with stagnant regime in ordinary black soils. Gleyisation is a complex biochemical process that occurs under oxygen reduction conditions. Anaerobic microorganisms, the presence of organic substances, and the constant or prolonged waterlogging of individual horizons or the entire soil profile promote gleyisation. Model experiments revealed that gleyisation increase the total number of bacteria and suppresses number of actinomycetes, micromycetes and growth of fungal mycelium. Gleyisation decreases the activity of oxidoreductases and increases the hydrolases activity. In addition, the second content of humus slightly increases and active acidity (pH) changes to neutral. Accumulation of large amounts of iron oxide (II) in soil is revealed
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Description
The article studies the influence of polymeric in the form of formers and growth regulators on the growth and development of rice plants when grown in saline conditions. We controlled the effect of salinity on grows regulators and vigor, seed germination, root and shoot weight, the content of photosynthetic pigments parameters, induction curves of delayed fluorescence, the indicators of structure of harvest, grain yield. It was found, that pre-sowing seed soaking in solutions of polymer grows regulators has a stimulating effect on the growth and development of rice plants in the early stages: we significantly increased germination and emergence, dry weight of root and shoot compared to control. At different stages of ontogeny rice, the absolute content of pigments in the leaves and the relationship between the individual variants change. The absolute content of pigments in leaves and their relationship between experiences at different stages of ontogeny change. In the period of intensive vegetative growth from seedling stage the content of total chlorophyll is maximum, and by the end of the growing season it decreases. It can be assumed that the salinity of the substrate significantly reduces the productivity of photosynthesis in young plants, possibly due to imbalance of ions in the cell, the older it gets – the weaker the phenomenon is and even becomes reversed. The second maximum IR ZF increases during the growing season from germination to flowering, then decreases to the beginning of ripening in all embodiments. The same dynamics is characteristic of the magnitude of the proton gradient in the membranes of chloroplasts tylakoids. Salt protection effect of growth regulators on grain yield is significant on both backgrounds of mineral nutrition
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Description
The results of the study presented showed that predator mite Ph. persimilis exhibited high food preference of the larval stage (30,2% of the total number consumed) compared to the egg (20,5%), nymph (13,4%) and adult (10,1%) stages of two spotted spider mite T. urticae. The functional response of Ph. persimilis feeding on eggs and adults of T. urticae was described by the Type II curve. At a maximum density of 60 prey per leaf disc, Ph. persimilis consumed an average of 22.8 eggs and 3.2 adults over an eight-hour period. Calculated time for handling of the prey by Ph. persimilis was on the average 0.074 hours (4.4 minutes) and 3.2 hours for T. urticae eggs and adults respectively. The mean number of T. urticae eggs consumed by Ph. persimilis progressively increased with the increase of the prey density, but the rate of predation (number of eggs consumed/prey density) decreased from 0.5 to 0.3 with the increasing of prey density. The mean number of adult T. urticae consumed by Ph. persimilis at densities of 20, 40 and 60 per leaf disk remained relatively constant. But the rate of predation decreased from 0.09 to 0.04 with increasing of prey density. The experiments showed that regardless of the strategy utilized by the predator it was the one that was efficient for the predator survival
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Description
This article presents an assessment of the stability of the black soil of the Crimea to contamination with heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni) and oil using biological indicators
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In this article, we discuss the results of the research of quality characteristics of Russian and foreign rice varieties. Possibility of using data in characterizing germplasm from collection is discussed
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Description
The results of long-term investigations of ecologicalphytocenotic peculiarities of short-root orchids under the conditions of the North-West Caucasus have been summarized. Together with the similarity in structure of this orchids’ living form, the author analyzes some differences in their assimilation of various places of growing
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BIO-DIAGNOSTICS OF RESISTANCE OF GREY FOREST SOILS OF ADYGEA TO POLLUTION WITH Zn, Cd, Mo, Se
DescriptionThe essential part of a soil cover of the Republic of Adygea is occupied by gray forest soils. Thus they still remain a little studied, including concerning their resistance to chemical pollution. Contamination of gray forest soils of Adygea with Zn, Cd, Mo, Se causes deterioration of their biological properties. In most cases, the degree of reduction of the values of biological indicators is directly dependent on the concentration of pollutant in the soil. According to the degree of toxicity to the biological properties of the investigated elements form the following sequence: Se > Zn > = Cd > Mo. Biological parameters investigated in research (activity of catalase and dehydrogenase, cellulolytic ability, abundance of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, radish root length) may be used for purposes of monitoring, diagnosis and regulation of chemical pollution of gray forest soils Zn, Cd, Mo, Se
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HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT AND SPECIES DIVERSITY OF GARDENING SYSTEM IN VORONEZH
DescriptionThe article deals with the historical data about the stages of development of greening of Voronezh, as well as it gives an analysis of the modern species of deciduous trees in the greenery planting of the city
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RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF WATERMELON AND MELON COMPATIBILITY IN VARIOUS KINDS OF STOCKS
DescriptionA priority direction at the present stage of vegetable growing development is to obtain high-quality, environmentally friendly production on the basis of development and introduction of new technologies of cultivation. At the same time, it is compulsory to emphasize the importance of expanding the range of crops which can vary nutrition of population. Currently promising direction is search of new high-efficient and environmentally friendly methods of plant protection. Biological methods of effect on the plant body acquire great significance. One of such methods is using grafts. In a light of new changed conditions, the research on grafted plants was not conducted in our country
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Description
In the article, we made an estimation of pine cultures’ (Pinus silvestris L.) sanitary condition in the Savalsky Forestry area of the Voronezh region. The obtained results show their considerable weakness, passing to the drying phase because of pine fungus