03.00.00 Biological sciences
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Description
The article presents the materials of the study of nutrient medium and selection modes of cultivations
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Description
The results of the study presented showed that predator mite Ph. persimilis exhibited high food preference of the larval stage (30,2% of the total number consumed) compared to the egg (20,5%), nymph (13,4%) and adult (10,1%) stages of two spotted spider mite T. urticae. The functional response of Ph. persimilis feeding on eggs and adults of T. urticae was described by the Type II curve. At a maximum density of 60 prey per leaf disc, Ph. persimilis consumed an average of 22.8 eggs and 3.2 adults over an eight-hour period. Calculated time for handling of the prey by Ph. persimilis was on the average 0.074 hours (4.4 minutes) and 3.2 hours for T. urticae eggs and adults respectively. The mean number of T. urticae eggs consumed by Ph. persimilis progressively increased with the increase of the prey density, but the rate of predation (number of eggs consumed/prey density) decreased from 0.5 to 0.3 with the increasing of prey density. The mean number of adult T. urticae consumed by Ph. persimilis at densities of 20, 40 and 60 per leaf disk remained relatively constant. But the rate of predation decreased from 0.09 to 0.04 with increasing of prey density. The experiments showed that regardless of the strategy utilized by the predator it was the one that was efficient for the predator survival
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NUTRITION AND HEALTH OF HIGH-PRODUCTIVE COWS
DescriptionIt this article, the situation in dairy practice with nutrition factors caused metabolic diseases such as ketosis, acidosis, lameness and a decline in fertility is shown. The article has the proposes on the nutrition of highly productive cows in transition period
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Description
The residual amounts of the pesticides in the coastal water of the Azov Sea were studied in spring seasons of 2009-2011. The concentrations of the pollutants were determined and the degree of their danger for hydrobionts was assessed. The concentrations of the pesticides diluted in the water of the Taganrog Bay and the eastern Azov Sea are shown to be lower than the maximum admissible concentrations set for fish-ery reservoirs
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PERSPECTIVES OF DEVELOPMENT OF AGROLANDSCAPES IN THE STEPPE ZONE OF EDGE
DescriptionStudies of ecosystems allow estimation of difficult processes (physical, chemical and biological), taking place in them and determine how to manage them. At the heart of the natural systems there are freely interacting populations of different taxons, productivity of their above-ground structures, details of which are quite limited, and as underground systems, the data have even less information. In the late 60s and early 70s in the XX century a lot of information appeared associated with problems of environment, its pollution, lack of energy of food resources, clean water; it determined the root cause of the reaction of the population of developed countries on the aggravation of relations between society of people and habitat. Existed for a long time the concept of the exploitation of nature, which reflected on using soils, forests, water and other sources and which showed the power of mankind and its technical power over nature. In reality, this concept was just a common strategy of aphids sucking their environment. Understanding the real situation on the different levels of consciousness of the population defined situation of practical and scientific research in the field of ecology of different directions - chemical, biological, mathematical and other sciences. Development of ecology today will evolve to meet conservation and sustainable development of the biosphere, which experiencing constant anthropogenic pressure. An important problem of agrolandscape systems is an objective assessment of their productivity. Among the issues that determine the development of agricultural systems there are the natural conditions and soil fertility, crop dynamics over the years, the duration of the growing season of individual taxons, as well as the possibility of create of mixed crops, different type of life form, ecological features, physiological diversity of biochemical characteristics. Sowings this type allow, under certain conditions, obtaining stable yields under any climate dynamics and significant reduction of soil erosion. Combined sowing that is practiced in South East Asia, particularly in China, where the main components are the soybean and corn. The usefulness of mixed crops is the stability of yields over the years and the ability to emphasize their resistance to dry weather conditions
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PROSPECTS OF CULTURE SPECIES OF BETULACEAE IN ROSTOV REGION
DescriptionWere summed up of perennial introductory tests of the representatives of the family Betulaceae S.F. Gray in the Botanical Garden SFedU. The 33 species of this family have been studied for a total. Evaluation of winter hardiness of the family members showed that the absolute resistance to the full range of factors winter have representatives genus Betula, also Alnus incana (L.) Moench and Corylus colurna L. Species of the genus Betula and Corylus may be attributed to the plants having a resistance to drought. The highly drought-resistant species – Carpinus betulus L., C. turczaninowii Hance, Alnus incana (L.) Moench and Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. Less than drought-resistant – Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Most of the tested species should be attributed to hemixerophytes. The high degree of defeat by fungal diseases of the species genera Alnus, Betula and Carpinus makes them unsuitable for the regional culture. The causative agent of the disease is a fungus Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.) Pouzar. Based on the totality ecological and biological properties only species of the genus Corylus remain promising for the culture. For introductory test it is advisable to attract drought-tolerant species of the family Betulaceae such as: Alnus barbata C.A. Mey., A. rubra Bong., A. rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng., Carpinus cordata Blume, C. caucasica Grossh., C. caroliniana Walter, C. orientalis Miller., C. tschonoskii Maxim., Betula insignis Franch., B. lanata (Regel) V.N. Vassil., B. luminifera H.J.P. Winkl., B. nikoensis Koidz., B. forrestii Hand.-Mazz., B. utilis D. Don., Ostrya virginiana K.Koch
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PROSPECTS OF USING INVASIVE LEGUMES IN HERBAL MEDICINE
DescriptionThe authors propose to consider alien invasive species as new bioresources. These plants form powerful (usually single-species) thickets in the secondary range and their size are larger than at the native cenosis. The territory occupied by invasive species, especially in disturbed habitats, is quite high, so their possible yield is very high. The main problem of using alien species in the pharmacological purposes is the lack of information about the dynamics of the chemicals accumulation. Available data on the biochemistry in its natural habitat is inadaptable for the same taxon in the secondary range because of significant microevolutionary changes. In this work we present the results of phytochemical screening four legume species, formed invasive populations in the Middle Russia - Galega orientalis Lam., Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl., Robinia pseudoacacia L. & Caragana arborescens Lam. Information about these species as traditional medicine plants is given. Original data on the concentration phenolic compounds and biophile silicon in leaves and inflorescences are presented. Information on the fractional composition of the flavonoid complex is done. Taking into consideration the high adaptability of invasive species, the chemical analysis of the samples from different ecotypes was made. It is shown that accumulation of bioactive agents & biophile silicon isn’t depended on the environmental conditions. Concentrations of polyphenolic compounds were at the average level in comparison with medicinal plants. Thus, the combination of flavonoid complex with biophile silicon provides pharmacological significance of studied species, and justifies the needing the further study of invasive plant species in order to create new herbal medicines
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Description
Dependence of Oak Durmast natural regeneration is established on a slope towards mutually antithetical directions (upwards and downhill, to the right and to the left along a slope). Survival features of Oak Durmast self-seeding and undergrowth on the southern exposition are studied
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ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF LARGE CITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF RAPID URBANIZATION
DescriptionThe article defines the basic characteristics of the environmental performance of urban areas. There was offered the system of environmental performance indicators, covering the basic characteristics of the environmental performance. There was developed the algorithm and calculating methodology of composite index of the environmental performance of major cities in the context of rapid urbanization. There was conducted the approbation of the methodology according to the data of major cities which are the administrative centers of the Russian Federation for 2008, 2009 and 2011. There was carried out the rating of major Russian cities based on the composite index of the environmental performance
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Description
This article presents an assessment of the stability of the black soil of the Crimea to contamination with heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni) and oil using biological indicators