03.00.00 Biological sciences
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FOREST AMELIORATION OF SANDY SOILS OF TERSKO-KUMSKOYE INTERFLUVE PLAIN WITH PINE CULTURES
DescriptionThe article considers the regularities of the growth and development of the plantations of Crimean and Scotch pine on sandy soils of Tersko-Kumskoye interfluve plain, presents the classification of forest suitability, estimates the forest growing efficiency and prospects of the use of pine species when forest amelioration of soils, suggests the technologies for forestations arrangement. During the past century there had been grown over 60 hectares of pine cultures on sands of Tersko-Kumskoye interfluve plain under the strict conditions of transition zone dry steppe-semidesert. The Achikulakskaya NILOS VNIALMI (N. K. Lalymenko, V. I. Kabalaliyev, N. S. Zyuz) managed to plant about 60 hectares of Crimean pine and over 5 hectares of Scotch pine cultures in the 70-80-th of the last century, about 50 % of them are still growing. The study of the said forestations led to the following conclusions. On the thick sands (6-8 m) of Bazhigansky forest area the stable growth of Scotch pine continues up to 25-30 years, that of Crimean pine – up to 30-35 years. By the age of 40 the productivity of Crimean pine forestations (170-260 m3/ha) exceeds visibly the accumulated reserve of Scotch pine forest stand (60-100 m3/ha). The increment in height decreases sharply starting at the age of 15-20 years for Scotch pine and at 25-30 for Crimean pine plantations. On the clay sands with the level of low-mineralized ground water of 2,5-3,0 m and despite high fall the stable growth of Crimean pine continues up to 35-40 years and more. On the monophase sands of Tersky forest area the Crimean pine grows relatively slowly during the first 10-15 years though more evenly year by year. The thick lamellar deposits and monophase sands with the depth of sweet ground water of 3-5 m provide the best conditions for forest growing. The longevity of Scotch pine plantations of 50-55 years and that of Crimean pine of 60-65 years can be achieved by current planting technologies and effective conservation of the forestations on the thick sands, while on the medium thick clay sands it can be 60-65 and 70-75 correspondingly, and on the monophase sands on the sites with the additional life-long sweet ground water nutrition – over 80 years. The following measures should be the most effective when afforestation of highly overgrown sites – the many-year fallow and thorough cultivation of inter-rows of young cultures and their planting with coulisses and blocks. When planting of cultures on interfluve plain on lightly overgrown sands of low water capacity the planting of seedlings by combined aggregates type MPP-1 provides the best results. The ecological and economical effectiveness of forest amelioration of pastures forms of the costs of the woody and non-woody forestation resources, their soil-conservation, environment improvement and recreation functions. The effect of one hectare of pasture protective pine coulisses planted on lowdegraded pastures should be about 35 thousand rubles during 50 years (average longevity of forestations), when amelioration of highly overgrazed pastures it would be 130 thousand rubles per year. The main part (80-90 %) of the benefit takes the costs of the prevented loss caused by wind erosion
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DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN THE PHYTOMASS AND THE METHOD OF ITS DISPOSAL
DescriptionThe need for constant monitoring of the environmental situation due to the fact that at the present time almost all the ecosystems of our planet suffer in one way or another degradation under the influence of the anthropogenic factor. In the present work we summarize the results of 6 years of monitoring to determine heavy metals in the air. Industries and domestic waste and, in particular, road transport is the main source of pollution. The share of vehicles to air pollution in cities reaches 70-90%. The greatest danger to public health is compounds of lead, cadmium and mercury relate to 1 class of danger. We have studied the dynamics of accumulation of heavy metals and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere of Krasnodar on the streets with different intensity of car traffic. The data obtained indicate a significant excess compared to the control of the content of such metals as lead, iron, cadmium, and copper in all samples; chromium and zinc at three positions of the four. We pay due attention to the increase in the concentration of cadmium compared with data from previous years. It is established that the dynamics of accumulation of heavy metals in the atmosphere of the city is well correlated with population, the intensity of traffic and has a steady tendency to increase the content of these toxic substances. We have proposed a way of disposal of the biomass of fallen leaves by the method of their biological degradation under anaerobic conditions
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THE EFFICIENCY OF THE "MYCOSIM SP +" ENZYME FEED ADDITIVE IN THE DIET OF QUAIL
DescriptionThe article presents the materials on the effect of "My-cosim SP +" enzyme feed additive on growth and de-velopment, biochemical and morphological parame-ters of the quail and the results of post-mortem autopsy of quail to determine the effect of additives on changes of the quality and flavors of the meat
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Description
The article is concerned with the features of Lavandula’s angustifolia vegetative propagation with methods of the propagation by herbaceous cuttings and of the annual woody cutting. The dependence of Lavandula’s varieties Sineva and Vdala rooting of cutting and the cutting grafting period and the age of the mother plantation was established. In the fixed years, the rooting rate of cuttings is 58-67%. The maximum annual hardwood cuttings rooting was observed from the fifth to the seventh year of the cuttings’ workpiece (75-77%). The highest rooting rate of green cuttings belonging to Vdala sort (80%) is observed in the 3-4th years of use the mother plantation. The best result for rooting rate by the annual woody cutting showed Lavandula’s mother plantation, which belongs to Vdala sort and was being cultivated from 3rd to 6th year. The rooting of Lavandula’s angustifolia cuttings depends on weather conditions; during drought years the rooting of green cuttings is considerably reduced. During Lavandula’s rooting cuttings it is necessary to take into account the biological characteristics of each variety
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Description
The article presents the results of the studies of the processing effect of the growth regulator called Stimolante 66f (Stimolant) on cuttings of Moldova grape variety as well as on the regenerative properties, yield and quality of seedlings. We have tested three concentrations of the preparation - 0.001; 0.01 and 0.1% as compared with heteroauxin treatment (standard), and no treatment (control). The experiments have been conducted in the laboratory and in the field. In the lab experiment cuttings were rooted in the vessels with water, and in the field they were planted in open ground. Processing cuttings with heteroauxin led to a delay in blooming of the buds of 0.4 days, and with Stimolante - to acceleration of the process to 0.3-0.8 days. Processing cuttings with heteroauxin and with Stimolante at 0.01 and 0.1% had an inhibitory effect on the growth of shoots, which survived until the end of the experience. Using Stimolante at 0.01 and 0.1% resulted in a stimulation of rooting cuttings and increased the output by 3 or more roots. Heteroauxin stimulated rooting only in the initial period. More roots formed on cuttings processed by heteroauxin and Stimolante at the minimum concentration of the drug, i.e. 0.001%. In the open ground, the best results for the yield and the quality of the seedlings were obtained with concentration of 0.1% of Stimolante. Heteroauxin showed worse results than Stimolante in optimum concentrations like in the rooting of cuttings on the water as in the open ground
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REGULARITIES OF THE SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOODY PLANTS AT INTRODUCTION IN ROSTOV-ON-DON
DescriptionThe article presents the average and optimal calendar dates of the main phenological phases exotic woody angiosperms in Rostov-on-Don. We assess the level of variability timing of individual phenological phases. The data obtained can be used to diagnose the prospects of exotic woody plants for the regional culture
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Description
Complicated compost with organic and mineral components, has a serious impact on the physical, chemical and biological properties of topsoil significantly modifies its cycles of elements and substances; with the Carboniferous and up to now it has been established the supremacy of the recovery processes in landscapes as compared to oxidation processes through the introduction of complicated compost in their stabilizing factors
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Description
The study was performed to genotype some commercial wine yeast strains using the assay of Interdelta genomic sequences. Experimental parameters of PCR to identify were optimized and optimal simplified method of DNA extraction from dried preparations of yeast cultures was define. Proven method showed a high level of resolution and can be used for the analysis of genetic diversity wine yeast in combination with SSR-markers
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Description
The article provides an overview of the phytosanitary condition of crops for 2011-2014 g in the Krasnodar region. In recent years, we can observe increasing of the crop losses from pests and diseases of plants. The using of different pesticides in intensive cultivation technologies of winter wheat can’t resist this. Pathogenic microorganisms acquire resistance to drugs used and become more aggressive. This creates a lot of environmental problems. Plants are almost always under environmental stress. However, it is impossible to refuse of pesticides. And they are not able to observe the immune system of the plant, and in some cases inhibit it. The present level of development of science has led to the emergence of new methods of plant protection, which is based on increasing of the capacity of the immune plants, rather than the destruction of pathogens, as in the case of the use of pesticides. We propose to apply so called "agrochemical cocktails"
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DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT OF INCUBATING EGGS OF MEAT CHICKEN BREEDS
DescriptionDifferentiation of temperature influence on embryos at incubation of eggs shows positive results: the output of chickens is synchronized, duration of embryogenesis is reduced, deductibility of eggs raises, the young growth output increases