03.00.00 Biological sciences
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Description
This article presents an assessment of the stability of the black soil of the Crimea to contamination with heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni) and oil using biological indicators
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Description
The results of the study presented showed that predator mite Ph. persimilis exhibited high food preference of the larval stage (30,2% of the total number consumed) compared to the egg (20,5%), nymph (13,4%) and adult (10,1%) stages of two spotted spider mite T. urticae. The functional response of Ph. persimilis feeding on eggs and adults of T. urticae was described by the Type II curve. At a maximum density of 60 prey per leaf disc, Ph. persimilis consumed an average of 22.8 eggs and 3.2 adults over an eight-hour period. Calculated time for handling of the prey by Ph. persimilis was on the average 0.074 hours (4.4 minutes) and 3.2 hours for T. urticae eggs and adults respectively. The mean number of T. urticae eggs consumed by Ph. persimilis progressively increased with the increase of the prey density, but the rate of predation (number of eggs consumed/prey density) decreased from 0.5 to 0.3 with the increasing of prey density. The mean number of adult T. urticae consumed by Ph. persimilis at densities of 20, 40 and 60 per leaf disk remained relatively constant. But the rate of predation decreased from 0.09 to 0.04 with increasing of prey density. The experiments showed that regardless of the strategy utilized by the predator it was the one that was efficient for the predator survival
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THE EFFECT OF TREATMENT OF GRAPE CUTTINGS WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ON THEIR REGENERATIVE SKILLS
DescriptionThe article presents the results of studies on the effect of processing varieties of grape cuttings of Pervenets Magaracha using alternating electromagnetic field on their regenerative skills. Processing the cuttings with alternating electromagnetic field was carried out using an induction coil for 5,10,15 and 20 min. As a control option, the cuttings were soaked in water, as a standard option – the cuttings were soaked for 24 hours in a 0.01% solution of IAA. Rooting was performed in vessels with water at optimum temperature conditions. It was found, that the use of IAA for the first time led to the inhibition of blooming buds. EMF treatment of cuttings with each exposure has a stimulating effect on this indicator. Application of EMF exposures in the 5 to 15 minutes resulted in a significant increase in the length of shoots, compared to the control variant and the option to IAA. Processing cuttings with EMF exposures at 5,15 and 20 minutes resulted in a significant increase in rooting compared with the control. Maximum rooting was obtained at an exposure of 15 minutes. It was the same as in the version with a standard rooting stimulant - IAA. However, the highest yield of cuttings with 3 roots and ended up in a version with a 20-minute exposure. Maximum number was noted on the heel of the roots cuttings option with IAA. Treatment of cuttings with EMF exposure 5, 10 and 20 minutes, has also led to a significant increasing of this indicator, respectively, 45.5; 22.7 and 79.5%. The maximum increase in the number of roots was obtained in the variant with exposure 20 minutes. Thus, this option should be considered as the best one
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Description
Green building, forestry, agriculture of the Rostov region is in desperate need of resistant and long-lived samples of deciduous trees of the first grade. The main object of the search of promising forms of deciduous trees were artificial plantations of Quercus robur in the Botanical Garden of SFU. The research identified several of samples of Quercus robur, which are of economic interest. Based on ecological and biological properties and economic qualities, the most promising on was a sample of Quercus robur var. tardiflora, planted in 1888. This sample is less receptive to pests and diseases. It also has a high winter hardiness and drought resistance and significantly superior to similar samples of Quercus robur along longevity and has a high decorative effect. Dedicated sample of Quercus robur var. tardiflora, and his generation from seed is very different from other samples of the population by time of phenological phases. The all main henological phases of this sample occured later by on 10-15 days. The sample belongs to the group of plants of late phenological dates start and end of the growing season. The phenology of dedicated samples contributes to their high steadiness into regional climate. It propagates by sowing freshly harvested seeds. Phenological features of the selected sample might be inherited in the seminal generations
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Description
The article studies the influence of polymeric in the form of formers and growth regulators on the growth and development of rice plants when grown in saline conditions. We controlled the effect of salinity on grows regulators and vigor, seed germination, root and shoot weight, the content of photosynthetic pigments parameters, induction curves of delayed fluorescence, the indicators of structure of harvest, grain yield. It was found, that pre-sowing seed soaking in solutions of polymer grows regulators has a stimulating effect on the growth and development of rice plants in the early stages: we significantly increased germination and emergence, dry weight of root and shoot compared to control. At different stages of ontogeny rice, the absolute content of pigments in the leaves and the relationship between the individual variants change. The absolute content of pigments in leaves and their relationship between experiences at different stages of ontogeny change. In the period of intensive vegetative growth from seedling stage the content of total chlorophyll is maximum, and by the end of the growing season it decreases. It can be assumed that the salinity of the substrate significantly reduces the productivity of photosynthesis in young plants, possibly due to imbalance of ions in the cell, the older it gets – the weaker the phenomenon is and even becomes reversed. The second maximum IR ZF increases during the growing season from germination to flowering, then decreases to the beginning of ripening in all embodiments. The same dynamics is characteristic of the magnitude of the proton gradient in the membranes of chloroplasts tylakoids. Salt protection effect of growth regulators on grain yield is significant on both backgrounds of mineral nutrition
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STATE EVALUATION OF WOODY PLANTS IN ROSTOV-ON-DON
DescriptionThere has been conducted the analysis of woody plants quantity in various types of stands in Rostov-on-Don, as well as the evaluation of their state and the rate of environmental resistance destabilization. It has been ascertained that the stands of almost all of the urban gardening objects are in a salvaged condition. There have been elaborated recommendations for enhancement of the stands inspected
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CHANGES IN BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ORDINARY BLACK SOILS AT GLEYISATION (MODEL EXPERIMENT)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of laboratory modeling of gleyisation and its effect on the biological properties of soils with stagnant regime in ordinary black soils. Gleyisation is a complex biochemical process that occurs under oxygen reduction conditions. Anaerobic microorganisms, the presence of organic substances, and the constant or prolonged waterlogging of individual horizons or the entire soil profile promote gleyisation. Model experiments revealed that gleyisation increase the total number of bacteria and suppresses number of actinomycetes, micromycetes and growth of fungal mycelium. Gleyisation decreases the activity of oxidoreductases and increases the hydrolases activity. In addition, the second content of humus slightly increases and active acidity (pH) changes to neutral. Accumulation of large amounts of iron oxide (II) in soil is revealed
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Description
Artistic works from the last century to the present time constitute an alternate source of information on decorative pumpkin, which become a valuable resource for investigation genetic and taxonomy, as well as crop history
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Description
As result of evaluation 24 common wheat introgression lines with genetic material Agropyron glaucum the considerable variability of resistance to leaf rust was revealed. Genetic control of leaf rust in introgression lines 60 and 109 was studied using hybridological analysis. Both lines contained single dominant genes differed from each other and from the known effective Lr19 and Lr24. The investigated lines with genetic material Agropyron glaucum are valuable donors of the genes for leaf rust resistance
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Description
Studying the situation and the impact on mountain landscapes of Caucasus allows by means of measurements to establish the most important sources of pollution, to identify the main forms of pressure (emissions, solid wastes, etc.) on the natural landscapes and agricultural systems, to develop a monitoring program with allocation the main objectives and most important tasks of its implementation. The main purpose of monitoring – is to collection of basic information, which will be aimed at addressing specific environmental problems for improvement soil cover on northern slopes of Caucasus and protect it from water erosion. The monitoring program allows getting information, which is due specific problem and conditions of certain area. The main tasks of monitoring the soil cover of northern slopes include concrete achievements in solving problems. At the beginning of monitoring follows determine the range of issues under study. More than often limited resources strictly dictate the need to reduce of measurement program, but always save quality of received material. For solving this problem we have to define the polygons of monitoring and select the objects that are affected by anthropogenic and natural factors. Considering defined technique, it is possible to evaluate the direction of development of particular ecosystem under the influence of a specific mode of action