03.00.00 Biological sciences
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FORMATION OF SOILS STUDY AND THEIR FERTILITY; A HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF SOIL CLASSIFICATION
DescriptionThe roots of scientific knowledge on soil go into antiquity and are connected with the development of land management. A human had knowledge about soil as a friable layer of Earth, which was a subject o land management treatment until the time there were occurred the problems of shortage of arable lands, hunger and decrease of fertility, which caused the necessity of obtaining of more produce with less arable lands. The development of soil science was required for solving of these practical tasks. In postwar period there were carried out the large researches in the field of plant nutrition and application of fertilizers. For this period the active study of organic properties of soil occurred. The Dokuchaev’s study on genetic types of soil was the tuning point in the development of problems of soil classification. The further development of problems of soil classification were made on the basis of set genetic positions, thus the various approaches lighting the different parties of a classification problem took place. The soil fertility in force of its important functions for a long time is not only as an agronomic category but also as a social, economic, philosophic, and at the last time – ecological one. The modern understanding of function of fertility is reached with the help of mathematical modeling. First, it is necessary clearly to present the aggregate factors of fertility and their interaction between them and external factors
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Description
The work was done in the research laboratory of the department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Biophysics of Kuban State Agrarian University, the aim of which was to select the most appropriate nutrient medium for maximum growth of lactic acid microorganism growth. The object of the study was its own microflora of gastrointestinal tract of quails ‒ Lactobacillus agilis, Lactobacillus intermedius and Lactobacillus salivarius. As a nutrient substrate there were used 4 of the nutrient media: the medium for lactic acid bacteria (city Uglich), the melasse-autolysis medium, the glucose-peptone medium and the MRS. During the cultivation of the microflora of the variable parameters were the time and temperature of cultivation. During the cultivation of microflora the time and the temperature of growing were the variable parameters. In the process of growing there was carried out the analysis of dynamics of consumption of reducing substances and titers of microorganisms. According to the results of growing of microbial cultures there was revealed the active consumption of carbon substrate in used variants of nutrient media, and it was found that there was observed the maximum of cells to 24 h of cultivation. On the basis of carried out results of cultivation on different media and at different parameters there was determined that the most titer of cells was reached to 24 h at the temperature 38,0 °С on the melasse-autolysis medium. So, the melasse-autolysis medium can be recommended in production conditions as the cheaper substrate at the further development of biological preparations for poultry breeding
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Description
The article deals with the problem of oil-contaminated waste utilization. It has suggested the ways of technological advancement taking into account the principles of BAT. The analysis of the legal framework for BAT in Russia and the EU is carried out. The features of the state regulation in the field of BAT and the main approaches to formation of a complex of measures for transition to principles of BAT are considered. It has described the innovative approach to the development of waste treatment technologies that are best and available from an environmental and economic point of view. It has identified limiting parameters affecting the efficiency of waste utilization and the suitability for use as secondary material resources, particularly in the construction industry
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MODERN WAYS OF OIL-CONTAMINATED WASTE UTILIZATION FOR THE ELIMINATION OF POLLUTION
DescriptionThe article deals with the problem of eliminating environmental pollution by oil-contaminated waste. It's suggested modern ways of improving technologies for oily waste utilization. The comparative characteristic of the essence, advantages and disadvantages, effectiveness of ways of waste recycling is described. The basic utilization technologies of oil sludge of various origins are emphasized taking into account the aspects of their composition and properties. It's represented the results of a patent search in this area to ensure a high level of new developments. It's characterized the developed technologies for utilization and recycling of oily waste to produce environmentally products of utilization – organic and mineral additives which are suitable for use as secondary material resources
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Description
The article presents the results on the effects of Imazethapyr herbicide on aquatic organisms. The chronic toxic effects have been studied of the imidazolinone herbicide in a concentration range of 0.4 - 1150 mg/l to the representatives of various groups of aquatic organisms: zoobenthos – great ramshorn snail (Planorbarius corneus), zooplankton - Daphnia (Daphnia magna Straus), phytoplankton - protococcal alga (Scenedesmus guadrigauda) and macrophytes - higher aquatic vegetation (Elodea canadensis Michx). It is shown that the herbicide does not have a pronounced lethal effect to aquatic organisms tested. Their respective LC50 values are > 1000, 680, 510 and 910. Elodea is shown to be most sensitive to its sublethal effects (decreased growth of lateral and main sprouts at a concentration of 10 mg/l and more), reduced fertility was observed in Daphnia at a concentration of 300 mg/l and above, and as to the great ramshorn snail no sublethal effects have been revealed for all the concentrations studied
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Description
The study of agronomy plants history, its distribution and use through image analysis and iconography have been presented. As an object of study, the image of wheat has been taken as the ancient culture of the world among agricultural plants. After many years, the illustrative series takes on a completely different meaning, namely, it becomes an independent resource of information. The analysis includes images of wheat in painting, sculpture, mosaic, tapestries, murals, botanical illustrations, stamps, porcelain and scientific drawings. In the work, we have made an attempt to analyze the images of wheat in the works of art in order to search for species diversity, directions of selection and genetic research, and also to present the morphological characteristics of culture. The method of analysis is a method of visual notes or sketches, which consists in comparing and searching information by image. The analysis is carried out on grounds: tall wheat, multiflorous forms of wheat, nonspreading, thickness of straw. The visual analysis of the images of wheat in works of art by the method of sketches made it possible to reveal the species diversity of culture along the ear, to see the ancient forms that were cultivated in the world before the "green revolution". The analysis included works of art from the 14th to the 21st century, the masters of painting in Italy, Germany, Russia, the Netherlands, France, the United States, and others
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Description
The article shows the direct impact of oil pollution on morphometric parameters and external a large burdock broadleaf and camel spines ordinary. The object of the study is Sokolovsky oil wells in the Astrakhan region. Vegetation is very sensitive to violations environment and most visually reflects the changing ecological situation territory as a result of anthropogenic impact. Petroleum products concentration of 8100 mg / kg leads to a decrease some morphometric indicators plants and deterioration of their external condition. The results of content research oil products in the soil showed that the maximum values of this indicator at the end of the oil wells (near rescue station), which was more than 8 ODK, the minimum - in control, in the region beach (0.1 ODK), at all other points. The indices were within the norm (1000 mg / kg). In the location of the oil there were 10 terrestrial plant species. We have studied plant territories using the following parameters: root length, thickness, the length of the above-ground part
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Description
The article discusses the formation of the collection that includes the most numerous genus Pelargonium (L.Herit.) from the family Geraniaceae Juss, as well as its importance, and the prospects for replenishing and use. There is also analysis of the publications for the recent years, clarifying approaches and principles in classifying the representatives of this species. The collection of Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops is described, taking into account new palynological and cytogenetic criteria in pelargoniums section division. It is represented by more than 120 species, cultivars, as well as intravarietal and interspecific hybrids and is divided into three branches (A, B, C2), three subgenus (Pelargonium. Parvulipetala, Paucisignata) and five sections (Pelargonium, Otidia, Peristera., Reniformia Ciconium). Collection samples are included to the breeding research, as sources of economic features when creating highly-ornamental hybrids and cultivars. The work also studies possible using of the most adapted species, cultivars and hybrids in urban landscaping on the Black Sea coast
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ECOLOGICAL PATH "CHOCHUR-MURAN" ON THE NATURAL TERRITОRY OF YAKUTSK BOTANICAL GARDEN
DescriptionThe article presents the data about flora and vegetation of the territory of the Yakut Botanical garden, where an ecological trail will be; there is a characteristic of plant communities and their classification. Preliminary, the flora of the ecological path includes 310 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 54 families and 172 genera
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FASCIATION IN NATURE AND IN EXPERIMENTS
DescriptionThe phenomenon of fasciation on the example of higher plants was considered. The effect of fasciation on the various particularities of plants has been shown. The numerous examples of the different groups of plants with fasciation bodies are given. We have demonstrated that the phenomenon of fasciation is more common for cultivated plants than for wild. In most cases, fasciation is considered as an exceptional phenomenon. A number of authors have distinguished fasciation to inheritable and non-inheritable. The first is caused by internal reasons. The second is the influence of external factors such as insect damage, injury, weather conditions. The number of regularities was installed: reproductive bodies of plants fasciationing more often; thermophilic forms are more likely to be fasciation. The images of different cultures with fasciation parts are given. We discuss using the introduction of the term ”connаtions” as morphological abnormalities. Fasciation can be considered as a marker trait for the cause of this phenomenon with violation of ecological situation. The plants with morphosis, including fasciation of the certain parts of bodies, can act as indicators of environmental pollution. The study of the phenomenon of fasciation in higher plants can be regarded as a method of breeding for large fruit size. From one side, to establish the adaptation abilities of newly created genotypes. Thus, the phenomenon of fasciation has affected many areas of science. On the other side, it is proof of the violations caused by environmental factors. On the other hand, it is hereditary reasons, and can also serve as a model for studying morphogenesis