03.00.00 Biological sciences
-
NEW MEDIUM-RIPENING WATERMELON VARIETY YUBILYAR FOR PRODUCERS IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA
DescriptionAt present, the demand of producers and the market determine the model of future varieties. Task for breeders is to develop varieties having a set of economic and biological traits fitting into the model templates. The developed varieties and hybrids should ensure for climatic conditions of the Krasnodar region consistently high yields, better product quality and maximum efficiency of crop industry. As a result of breeding work there was developed a watermelon variety called Yubilyar, belonging to medium-ripening group, having high figures of economically valuable traits. The variety has resistance to unfavorable factors of growing conditions and stable yields. It is suitable for cultivation in rainfed areas and practically does not require protective measures against major diseases prevalent in the southern regions. Fruits are large, of wide elliptical shape, with bright crispy red flesh and a thin crust. Determined by stable fruiting under different weather conditions, friendly yield return, commercial fruits – up to 92%. Potential yield – up to 25 t/ha. Good stored for 40-50 days, suitable for transportation on a long distance. Passed preliminary tests on the fields in the Krasnodar, Rostov regions and the Republic of North Ossetia. According to results of evaluation from producers the variety meets requirements of the market and has a commercial appeal
-
DAGESTAN HAWTHORN - A VALUABLE SOURCE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES
DescriptionThe article deals with hawthorn Dagestan. It is noted that the more than 100 species are found 14 species in Dagestan. The most common of them are studied as a source of biologically active substances and nutrients, and they can be used as food additives for various purposes. The content of biologically active substances and nutrients are defined. The high content of phenolic substances in C. pentagyna Waldst. et Kit, which play an important role in the formation of immunity and possessing P-vitamin activity is defined. Amino acid and fatty acid composition of the fruit of the hawthorn Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. et Kit, as the most valuable for using as food additives is defined by ionexchange and gas-liquid chromatography. Sixteen amino acids were identified and quantified in the protein component of hawthorn fruit. The high content of essential amino acids such as lysine, threonine, valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine. The amount of essential amino acids is 296.1 mg / 100 g. Chromatographic separation of fatty acid methyl esters has enabled us to establish the presence of the following fatty acids: palmitic, oleic, stearic, linoleic and linolenic, including established the presence of essential fatty acids - the family of alpha-linolenic acid OMEGA -3 and linoleic acid family of OMEGA -6
-
Description
In root exudates of alfalfa, wheat and radish we have found 12 amino acids. As well as 5 organic acids were identified. In the variant with exudates of wheat as the sole source of carbon and energy maximum titer of microorganism Rhodococcus erythropolis RCM Ac-2017D were observed
-
Description
The article gives the results of the study of an effect of mechanochemical powder of wood green of Abies (MPA) on potato morphogenesis in vitro. The study involved the hormone-free nutrient mediums (MS, ½ B5, ½ LS) for growing microcuttings from preliminary obtained aseptic plants. Plant morphogenesis was observed on the 15th and 30th days. At that, the number of developed shoots, plant height, leaves number, rhizogenesis rates, root number and length were estimated. MPA appeared to have the regulatory effect on morphogenesis of potato microcuttings. Based on mineral composition of the nutrient agar medium for potato microcuttings growing, MPA at 100 mg/l concentration induced root development (½ B5 medium), reduced height of shoots (MS medium), while the number of leaf blades was not affected
-
Description
In the course of the work, 33 ISSR markers were evaluated for efficacy in the detection of genetic changes in regenerants of Galanthus woronowii Losinsk.. Ten markers were found suitable for genotyping according to the species under study. Five samples from the selected ten were analyzed for a sample of 20 plants of regenerants and a mother plant. The obtained data testify to genetic stability of plant material in the process of microclonal propagation
-
Description
Sunflower is one of the most important oilseed crops, which are of great economic importance in Russia and in the world. It is very adaptive crop in terms of climatic conditions range, for that reason it is cultivated on a vast territory of the Russian Federation in various weather conditions. Sunflower oil has high nutritional and taste qualities, it is used numerously in food and is applied in various fields of food industry. The biologically active linoleic acid, phosphatides and fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K, which are of great nutritional value to humans, are contained in the oil. According to its calorific capacity, sunflower oil is on the first place among vegetable oils. Due to biological characteristics of sunflower, the Krasnodar region is the most favorable region of the Russian Federation for obtaining high and stable yields of this crop. However, here the drought is observed during the summer period and it affects adversely the productivity and quality of sunflower seeds. The increasing of resistance to unfavorable weather conditions is possible only based on detailed study of physiological features of productivity formation and seeds quality that is highly important task in view of the current geopolitical situation in Russia. One way of solving this issue is the appliance of the growth regulators, possessing anti-stress activity that improve the quality of sowing seeds and increase the productivity and plant resistance to stressful environmental factors. These drugs include growth regulator called Furolan, which was created in KubGTU and is certified for use in Russia. It is not toxic and is used in nano-dozes, there is no its residual quantities in the products and environment. Furolan has a positive effect on physiological and biochemical processes, improves the productivity of plants, their resistance to unfavorable growing conditions by increasing the resistance to dehydration as well as to the risk of fungal diseases
-
Description
The work presents the results of studies on the influence of the foliar spraying of white grapes of the technical sort of ‘Chardonnay’ with new water-soluble fertilizers: Nutrivant plus vinograd, Kelik potassiumsilicon, Atlanta plus and microelements in chelated form - Kelkat boron, Kelkat manganese and Kelkat zinc, on its agro biological and technological indicators. The field experiment was performed in the AF Close Joint-Stock company "Primorsk" in Temryuk District. The diagram of the experiment consisted of five options: without treatment (control); Nutrivant plus vinograd - 1 kg / ha; Kelik potassium silicon - 3 kg / ha; Atlanta plus - 2 kg / ha; a set of microelements - Kelkat boron, manganese and Kelkat Kelkat zinc 660 g / ha each. It was established that the foliar spraying with these fertilizers contributes to a more intensive accumulation of sugar in the juice of berries and to the acceleration of the harvest ageing. Furthermore, the productiveness of shoots has been increased, as it is shown in a greater number of inflorescences, and sometimes, the average bunch weight increases. All this contributes to a significant increase in a yield from a bush and to a crop yield. The highest content of chlorophyll (a + b), carotinoid and the amount of pigment were observed in cases of "Atlant plus" and "Kelik potassium-silicon," where the highest sugar was contained in the berries. Foliar spraying of grapes with the complex of microelements and also Nutrivant plus and Atlanta plus contributed to the improving of the quality of wine, as evidenced by the data of the tasting degustation. The highest mark was provided by the foliar spraying of bushes using the complex of microelements
-
THE CONCEPT OF THE «RNA WORLD»: THEORY AND PRACTICE
DescriptionThe review examines research unusual properties of RNA. RNA has the ability to act as both genes and enzymes (ribozymes). This property could offer a way around the «chicken-and-egg» problem: genes require enzymes; enzymes require genes. Furthermore, RNA can be transcribed into DNA, in reverse of the normal process of transcription. These facts are reasons to consider that the RNA world could be the original pathway to cells. The general notion of an «RNA World» is that, in the early development of life on the Earth, genetic continuity was assured by the replication of RNA and genetically encoded proteins were not involved as catalysts. There is now strong evidence indicating that an RNA World did indeed exist before DNAand protein-based life. RNA has multiple functions. Among these, "messenger RNA" carries genetic information from DNA to protein formation. RNA is often a single-stranded spiral, but also exists in double-stranded form. In 1998, Craig Mello and Andrew Fire discovered through their studies of the roundworm C. elegans a phenomenon dubbed "RNA interference". In this phenomenon, double-stranded RNA blocks messenger RNA so that certain genetic information is not converted during protein formation. This "silences" these genes, i.e. renders them inactive. The phenomenon plays an important regulatory role within a genome. Recent years have been perhaps the most fruitful period yet in terms of research in the area of mRNA stability (Phenomena: Gene Silencing; RNA interference; Identity of mRNA decay in vivo and in vitro). The elaboration of new methods in biothechnology have been presented
-
RESOURCE POTENTIAL IN LUTEOLIN-7- GLYCOSIDE VERONICA INCANA (SCROPHULARIACEAE) IN CENTRAL YAKUTIA
DescriptionThe article reveals luteolin-7-glucoside accumulation in the overground part of Veronica incana L. It assesses resource potential of V. incana depending on the phytocenotic conditions of coenopopulations growing in Central Yakutia. Collection of the material was carried out during V. incana flowering in 7 coenopopulations and in the collection of the Yakut Botanical Garden. Analysis of flavonoids content was performed by HPLC method. The high levels of flavonoids content in the biomass of generative plants marked in coenopopulations that are in optimal conditions, and the lowest - in coenopopulations experiencing strong anthropogenic influence. In addition, one of the factors reducing the content of flavonoids in plants is low light intensity in habitat. The highest resource potential on the luteolin-7- glucoside observed in biomass V. incana, growing in fescue grassland steppe and culture
-
STABILIZATION OF MRNA CEREALS IN VITRO UNDER THE SILICON INFLUENCE
DescriptionThe differential stability of mRNA is an important mechanism for posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Messenger RNA stability is controlled by specific genes and growth conditions. The review examines the theoretical possibility of mRNA stabilization in vivo as a consequence of replacing carbon atoms (C) or phosphorus (P), composed of nucleic acid on the silicon (Si) atom. During isolation of poly-(A)+mRNA from plant tissues by the two-cycle affinity chromatography on poly-(U)-Sepharose, regular changes in poly- (A)++mRNA yield were observed. The changes varied both with the plant genotype and growth conditions. Celite treatment of heated and unheated total RNA preparations from developing corn kernels and from green and etiolated wheat seedlings. Messenger RNA that differed in the length of poly- (A)-sequences was used for hybridization. It is evident that a reduction of poly-(A)-length causes alterations in spatial structure of mRNA, and associated proteins and cations Mg++ become accessible to celite absorption. Heating promotes melting of secondary structure, already initiated, and increases the efficiency of mRNA stabilization by celite. Interpreting the facts interact celite with mRNA in vitro and stabilization of mRNA in vivo by cycloheximide with a modern point of view can be considered with the position research of the phenomenon of RNA interference