06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article highlights the characteristics of the three promising for Eurasia table grape varieties bread by genetics-selectioners I.A. Kostrikin and E.G. Pavlovsky with colleagues, also presented confirming photographs in color of abundant bushes, groving buds, young shoots and their tops, adult leaves, grapes and berries; the results reported about their five-year study, both in the industrial environments of OAO AF "South", Training Farm "Kuban" and the branches of the Department of Viticulture Kuban State Agrarian University, as well as in Farmer-amateur conditions of private entrepreneurs of Kuban and Don: Baikonur, Pamyati Uchitelya, Podarok Nesvetaya. These varieties fill in a modern conveyor of table varieties, previously published by us in the press, and are recommended for introduction into the State register of breeding achievements of the Russian Federation in all regions of our country for gardening use
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MOLECULAR MARKERS AND HOW TO USE THEM IN BREEDING AND GENETIC RESEARCHERS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionProgress of molecular genetic developed different types of DNA-markers, which are founded on analysis of DNA-polymorphism. Using of these markers has hanged methods of genetic diversity estimation as well as plant cultivars passportisation and classification
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USING YOUNG GROWTH OF THE HORNED CATTLE FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC BEEF FOR BABY FOOD
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionExperimental data were obtained to draft a national standard for organic production of meat from calves of meat breeds to produce baby food in the new conditions of development of the meat industry. Research results have shown that Aberdeen-Angus meat breed cattle meets the national standard of RUSSIA 52478-2005 for raw meat for baby food due to chemical composition of meat and its quality
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MILK PRODUCING ABILITY OF HOLSTEIN COWS OF VARIOUS ECO-GENETIC TYPES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the comparative assessment of economic traits of Holstein cows of various ecogenetic types in the Volgograd region, the Russian Federation. The study of adaptive ability of Holstein cattle imported from the United States (245 heads), Denmark (245 heads), Germany (386 heads), and Australia (250 heads) has been carried out based on breeding plant OOO "Donskoye" in Russia since 2006. The milk producing ability of the animals was studied during the period of first three lactations. The cows imported from the United States showed the maximum productivity. The cows from the USA and Germany were registered to have the highest fat content in milk. The mathematical modeling for predicting production processes revealed that with respect to the milk yield, the Holsteins of Danish selection were superior to the cows of American, German, and Australian selections by the fifth lactation. The high correlation between the milk yield and the body weight, as well as between the body weight and the fat content of milk from Holstein cows of various selections has been established. The cows of Danish, German, and Australian selections showed a positive correlation between economic traits and genetic parameters for the period of three lactations. The cows from Australia have been proved to have higher indices of protein composition of milk (the total nitrogen content, the amount of essential amino acids). The level of the adaptive ability of the animals of the same breed but different eco-genetic types has been found to be stable
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article considers approaches to conducting longterm observations, i.e. monitoring of the immunological characteristics of varieties of winter wheat. In our work, we use the following grading system for the immunological characteristics of winter wheat varieties for resistance to leaf rust in various stages of ontogeny: evaluation of sustainability in the seedlings in a phytotron, greenhouse complex; evaluation sustainability in a field of artificial infectious background; immunological evaluation based on phytosanitary monitoring in different ecological zones. In the initial stages, all the material is pre-tested in the field of infectious hatchery. We have performed an evaluation on the intensity of lesion and the type of plant response to the introduction of the pathogen. This approach allows getting rid of susceptible genotypes for a year. To describe the spread of rust, i.e., increase in population numbers we have used two types of curves: J-shaped and S-shaped. The article considers several winter wheat cultivars differing in susceptibility to leaf rust. It is established, that the increase in the population of brown rust occurs in conditions with limited food resources and it is described by the Ferxulsta function. Monitoring studies allow developing models taking into account the promotion of the parasite and its pressure on wheat cenosis as well as allow building an expert system that optimizes the protection of plants against leaf rust and used to study the behavior of genotypes with different immunological parameters when creating a model class
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FROST RESISTANCE OF CRIMEAN INDIGENOUS GRAPE VARIETIES AND THEIR HYBRIDS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article highlights the issues of grape plants resistance to low temperatures; it is an urgent problem for all wine-growing regions of the world, located in the zone of risky agriculture. Losses caused by frost, indicate long-standing necessity of perfection of assortment in terms of enhancing its hardiness by enriching more resistant genotypes obtained both through the introduction or naturalization, as well as from the crossing of indigenous with interspecies hybrids. Methodology for evaluating frost resistance properties of the material served as a preparation for the originality of his research and experimental evaluation of the unique divisibility properties of the aim. Thus, we initially conducted hardening of matured cuttings at positive temperature plus 8 plus 4 ° C for 14 days (I quenching phase) and a negative temperature minus 5 ° C-minus 7 ° C for 9 days and minus 10 ° C-1 day (II hardening phase). Then the cuttings we frozen in the temperature range from minus 16 ° C to the next steps of consistent freezing (minus 16 ° C - 2 days; minus 18 ° C - 2 days; minus 20 ° C - 2 days; minus 22 ° C – 1day, minus 24 ° C - 1 day, minus 26 ° C - 1 day, minus 28 ° C - 1 day and minus 30 ° C - 8 hours). After freezing of cuttings of each variety, the sample was placed on the 3 days in the refrigerator at the temperature of + 2 ° C to their gradual thawing. Cuttings were grown at room temperature on water. As a result, obtained by the accounting: the lowest frost-resistance among the studied forms of parental Crimean origins was found in grades of Shabash, Soldayya and Solnechnodolinsky; the varieties of Dzevat kara, Kokur bely, Kokur cherny, Misket, Misgyuli kara, Sari Pandas were set as a weak level (-20 °C); Aybatly, Kefesiya, Kok pandas and Ekim kara have average level up to -22 °C; the highest frost-resistance - 24 °C – was shown by Khersonessky and Kapselsky. Also, we have identified synthetic frost-resistant F1-population and plus-transgressive selection form
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MORPHOBIOLOGICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF RICE AGROTECHNOLOGY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThere were considered the morphological traits and biological peculiarities of rice which should be taken into account at this plant cultivation working out with the aim of getting of maximally high yield at excellent grain quality. There were marked the rice varieties for different conditions of growing
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe author has examined peculiarities of meat productivity of animals of the most common breeds: Charolais, Simmental, Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, Kuban type of Red Steppe. As a result of the slaughter carried out for younger group achieved 15 months age, the Charolais breed bulls exceeded peers of Kuban type on slaughter weight to 60.9 kg (20.9 %), Aberdeen Angus – 53.8 kg (18.5 %), Hereford and Simmental respectively – to 35.1 and 24.8 kg (8,5-12,0 %). By the age of 18 months their superiority increased respectively by 56.9; 57.5; 55.8 and 29.9 kg (16.8; 16.9; 16.5 and 8.82%). Halves of bodies of the Kuban breed (considering the specific type of boneless beef output) aged 15 months gave way to all the groups: Charolais and Angus – by 1.1- 1.5%, Simmental and Hereford – by 0.4-0.6%. The yield of premium beef exceeds the standards in all genotypes: Kuban – by 9.5%, beef breeds – by 11.2% (Charolais) and 19% (Simmental). The balance beetween dry matter and moisture is in the optimal range (0.43: 1-0,73: 1). At 15 months of age, in the number of dry matter, Charolais bulls outnumbered Aberdeen-Angus and Red steppe at 5.1-5.2%, Simmental and Hereford - on 3,0-4,9%. With age, in the meat of calves of beef breeds the level of fat increased, for example, in Hereford and Simmental 0.3-0.5%, Aberdeen Angus and Simmental – 0.7-0.8%. In the middle of a sample of ground beef of carcasses of the calves of Charolais breed at the age of 18 months it contained more protein than in the meat of the calves of Red steppe (1.2%, Hereford (1.1%), Angus (1.4%), Simmental (1,3%). All the meat of the carcasses of the calves of specialized beef breeds was of high quality and diet: one part of the protein had 0.59 parts of fat (Aberdeen Angus) and 0.45 parts (Hereford)
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MORPHOLOGICAL QUALITY MEAT DUCKS CROSS «BLAGOVARSK» DEPENDING ON THE PRODUCTION METHOD
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionAt the present stage of development of poultry farming is very important to choose the way of cultivation for any breed, the line, the cross. In this regard, the goal of our research was the study of morphological qualities of meat ducks of Blagovarsky cross depending on the production method
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionAccording to the results of anatomical researches is determined, that under three sides spring punning of roots simultaneous annual applying of regalis number of grown closed (fruit) buds increase about 22–26 % during the first year, but then influence becomes weak and about the fifth year it needs the second (repeated) pruning of roots. Under two-sides pruning of roots a little decrease of size (caliber) is noticed in such sorts of apples as Gala and Golden Delicious