№ 115(1), January, 2016
Public date: 27.01.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 86, 182 kb
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TECHNICAL REFINEMENT OF GRAIN CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
DescriptionThere have been suggested the courses of refinement of the crop production technologies, has been studied the efficiency of multipurpose assemblies (MPA) in the process of mechanization of plant growing, which provide the production of competitive agricultural products, more perfect machinery construction and tools, improving the quality of automated tasks completion, the issues of machine stock renovation, raising the effectiveness of their use, complexity of tasks, integrity and continuity of the working process, environmental safety of the production. The high level of the complex task performance is based on combining several technological operations, completed during a single pass of MPA, drastically refining the basic variants of the technologies. Using the example of the multipurpose assembly Vector for stubble tillage, introduction of mineral fertilizers, planting of intercrops and packing of soil, we can observe a significant advantage of the suggested technology in comparison with using a mass produced single-function machine. Combining several technological operations in a single MPA pass guarantees agritechnical, ecological, energetic and economic efficiency. However, no attention is still paid to the issue of the crop losses decrease (direct and indirect) during harvesting, as well as to the problem of the complexity of postharvest tasks simultaneously with harvesting (tillage, planting of intercrops, introducing fertilizers, etc). In the current article we have provided the results of these studies. Respecting the regulations of environmental safety of technical units leads to the soil fertility raise and the pollution decrease of agricultural products. All of them are carried out in the technical support of the crop production technologies
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TECHNOLOGICAL REFINEMENT OF GRAIN CROP PRODUCTION INVOLVING MACHINERY APPLICATION
DescriptionThere have been suggested the courses of the machine technologies refinement in the process of spiked cereals production. The course of their technical update was studied in our previous article. There were analyzed the drawbacks of the modern machine production of crops and we presented the course of their elimination due to the technology optimization, resource and energy preservation, machine technologies of soil improvement and new innovative technological solutions. The suggested technology optimization was designed taking into account rigorous alternation of crops in the rotation, optimizing of breeds and crossbreeds, application of intermediate crops simultaneously with harvesting the previous crop, introducing progressive methods of chemical treatment and synchronous tillage. The resource and energy preservation is based on the combination of technological operations coinciding with the tasks in agricultural terms during a single machinery pass across the field, application of the mobile power unit (UPU-450), low- and ultralow capacity spraying, optimization of choice of certain agrimethods in the process of crop production and the resource calculation of estimated crop yield. In the set of soil improvement courses we have studied the mechanization of the restoration processes of natural soil formation, defecate introduction, the use of stubbly remains, compulsory presence of permanent grasses in crop rotation. New innovative solutions in the crop production technologies include the refinement of the mechanization facilities in tillage, spraying, new methods of crop harvesting (unwinnowed bread, root tow, cleaning of thrashed heap after the harvesting, etc). We have analyzed the ways of mechanization of “organic farming” and seed treatment with biologic mixtures
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TO THE CALCULATION OF THE ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF WIND ENERGY AND THE CHOICE OF WIND POWER PLANTS
DescriptionTo determine the feasibility of using PV systems we should assess the economic efficiency of wind energy in the region. At the same time, the first step should be an analysis of upper-air and power characteristics of the wind. The next stage is to determine the energy source of wind power (theoretical, technical and economic potential). The basic approach to the calculation of economic indicators should include a determination of the effectiveness of wind power installations in competition with traditional energy sources in a particular region. There are important following indicators: the payback period and economic efficiency. If the economic potential of wind power satisfies the requirements, the next step is to study the technical requirements applicable to wind power stations. For a preliminary assessment of the terrain, the article discloses a sequence of events that must be performed to assess the effectiveness of the installation of wind power systems. We have listed advantages and disadvantages of the main types of wind power plants, and other ramifications of choosing of basic functional units. The considered in an article analytical expressions for calculating the evaluation of economic efficiency of wind energy, the technical requirements for the basic parameters of wind turbines and their main advantages, disadvantages and features the work will allow at the design stage to carry out a preliminary assessment of effectiveness of the wind power stations for a particular region and locality, specific types consumers in view of their modes of operation and the quality requirements of electricity
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FREQUENCY CONVERTERS WITH IMPROVED PERFORMANCE
DescriptionIn the autonomous power supply systems there are widely used frequency converters that are able to simultaneously increase or decrease the frequency of the current and voltage stabilizing power supply. These positive properties of frequency converters can improve the operational and technical characteristics of the autonomous power supply system in the complex. The article suggests a functional diagram of a frequency converter performed on reversible rectifiers. We have presented timing diagrams illustrating the principle of its operation. The article also deals with two functional scheme of direct frequency converters executed on single-phase, threephase transformer with a rotating magnetic field. The principle of operation of these schemes has been also discussed in the timing diagrams. The proposed technical solutions for frequency converters contain a smaller amount of power electronic devices that make it possible, thereby reducing the level of electromagnetic interference, increase the efficiency and reliability of performance inverters. The considered scheme of frequency converters, can improve the technical characteristics of the autonomous power supply systems in the complex. We can significantly improve the performance of power systems through the use of modular aggregating principle of the basic functional units of an autonomous system
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SOURCES OF UNINTERRUPTED AND AUTONOMOUS POWER SUPPLY
DescriptionThe article describes the main block diagrams of three types of uninterruptible power supply: backup; interactive; double conversion. The main functions are: the function backup or emergency source of electrical power; the function of protective devices (from an overload currents and short-circuit); improving the quality of the power supply voltage. Alsoб we have disclosed the features of the advantages and disadvantages of uninterruptible power supplies three groups: Off-Line / Stand-By / back-up UPS (passive - reserve); Line-Interactive (line interactive type); On-Line. The article discloses new approaches to structural and schematic-based uninterruptible power supply, including at use of renewable energy, so that the failure of one of the sources does not lead to exit from the operation of the entire of power supply system. As a rule, such systems are built on a modular principle. It is shown that now for remote users from external networks is advisable to apply a system autonomous power supply, representing the totality of sources and converters of electric power, ensuring uninterrupted power supply to consumers. We have presented a typical structure of autonomous systems and given an option of the block diagram of the system and are given explanations and principles of its work. Significantly improves performance reliability of autonomous systems using the modularity of its main functional units. In addition, to increase the efficiency of the system can be through the use in the construction of transformers with static converters rotating magnetic field. To improve the weight, which is important for the transport systems, it is necessary to use links with the intermediate high-frequency electric power conversion in static converters
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Description
The article deals with the problem of oil-contaminated waste utilization. It has suggested the ways of technological advancement taking into account the principles of BAT. The analysis of the legal framework for BAT in Russia and the EU is carried out. The features of the state regulation in the field of BAT and the main approaches to formation of a complex of measures for transition to principles of BAT are considered. It has described the innovative approach to the development of waste treatment technologies that are best and available from an environmental and economic point of view. It has identified limiting parameters affecting the efficiency of waste utilization and the suitability for use as secondary material resources, particularly in the construction industry
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Description
In root exudates of alfalfa, wheat and radish we have found 12 amino acids. As well as 5 organic acids were identified. In the variant with exudates of wheat as the sole source of carbon and energy maximum titer of microorganism Rhodococcus erythropolis RCM Ac-2017D were observed
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DEVELOPMENT OF A FUNCTIONAL FEED ADDITIVE
DescriptionThe new feed additives for animals based on milk whey, enriched with sprouting wheat, barley, maize grains and lactic-acid bacterium have been presented in this article. This study explores the possibility of combining the prebiotics ability of milk whey and sprouting grains with feed probiotic attributes of microbe to enhance gut health of animals and digestibility of the feed. Twelve variants of products were tested in the study using the microbial and physical-chemical approaches. All the assays showed high count of microorganism and high content of reducing sugar. The results of investigation indicate that selected feed additive show high quality. An additional point is that it contains useful organic acids (lactic, acetic and propionic acids) and 2,1×109 colony-forming unit of probiotics microorganism that hold the concentration for 4 months. There are not yeast, must, coliform bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus in the developed functional feed product. It contributes to the normalization of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of animal, suppression of conditionally pathogenic and putrefactive microflora. The elaborated feed component will help to provide combined feed companies with accessible high-quality raw material
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Description
The work presents the results of studies on the influence of the foliar spraying of white grapes of the technical sort of ‘Chardonnay’ with new water-soluble fertilizers: Nutrivant plus vinograd, Kelik potassiumsilicon, Atlanta plus and microelements in chelated form - Kelkat boron, Kelkat manganese and Kelkat zinc, on its agro biological and technological indicators. The field experiment was performed in the AF Close Joint-Stock company "Primorsk" in Temryuk District. The diagram of the experiment consisted of five options: without treatment (control); Nutrivant plus vinograd - 1 kg / ha; Kelik potassium silicon - 3 kg / ha; Atlanta plus - 2 kg / ha; a set of microelements - Kelkat boron, manganese and Kelkat Kelkat zinc 660 g / ha each. It was established that the foliar spraying with these fertilizers contributes to a more intensive accumulation of sugar in the juice of berries and to the acceleration of the harvest ageing. Furthermore, the productiveness of shoots has been increased, as it is shown in a greater number of inflorescences, and sometimes, the average bunch weight increases. All this contributes to a significant increase in a yield from a bush and to a crop yield. The highest content of chlorophyll (a + b), carotinoid and the amount of pigment were observed in cases of "Atlant plus" and "Kelik potassium-silicon," where the highest sugar was contained in the berries. Foliar spraying of grapes with the complex of microelements and also Nutrivant plus and Atlanta plus contributed to the improving of the quality of wine, as evidenced by the data of the tasting degustation. The highest mark was provided by the foliar spraying of bushes using the complex of microelements
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Description
Questions of microbial plant protection become more relevant. The use of microorganisms can solve the following problems: biologization of agriculture and sanitation of soil. Application of various physical factors affecting the microorganisms reduces their number. This influences the efficiency of their use. This article gives examples of the application of pressure in the biotechnological process of microbial preparations and their use in the process of spraying. The effect of pressure on nonspore bacteria - Azotobacter chroococcum, spore-forming bacteria - Bacillus megatherium and fungi - Trichoderma viride has been presented in this article. These microorganisms are used in the tank medium for protecting plants against diseases and pests developed by Ltd. "Kuban agrotehnoloogy" of Kuban State Agrarian University. Efficiency is the simultaneous application of tank medium of microorganisms with herbicide. It was found that the application of the tank medium of microorganisms for spraying is necessary to limit the pressure of 4.5 atm. Тhe use of higher spraying modes effects on reducing the number of viable bacteria. This fact has not been checked against fungi