State Scientific Organization North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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Description
Professional apple gardening is bound to particular risks, of which is essential losses of a harvest because of diseases. An apple scab, the caused Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter, brings the greatest loss. The main approach in monitoring of a scab of an apple-tree is creation of grades, steady against pathogen. In the present work we have carried out phytopathology testing of generations of the seedlings received from the free pollination of six forms of a crab of Malus orientalis from a collection MOS VIR (Maykop) characterized by a relative resistance to the apple scab in 2-3 classes of damage by long-term data. For infection we used inoculum, consisting both of natural population of a scab, and of strains of pathogen of various cultivars and geographical origin. When carrying out padding infection increase in force of an infectious background that can be bound to selection of the plants of biotypes of a fungus that are most adapted for genotypes was noted. It is recommended for precise elimination of unstable plants at selection at early stages of an ontogenesis to carry out more than one serial infection during the season. By results of the phytopathological testing, we highlighted three Malus orientalis forms from the six studied No. 17982, 17985 and 3080 the most perspective stability genes for an introgressiya in a cultural gene pool of an apple tree
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FEATURES OF THE RED PORT TECHNOLOGY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE GRAPES SORTS
DescriptionThe opportunity of application of an oak extract of the Russian manufacture for processing internal surface barrels for cognac is investigated with the purpose of increase in a resource of their use. Positive influence of solutions of an oak extract on process of restoration of oak barrels is established and explained. Experimental results are shown and optimum parameters of processing are determined
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FEATURES OF TECHNOLOGY OF WINE SUCH AS PORT FROM PERSPECTIVE RED AND WHITE GRAPE
DescriptionFeatures of technology of port from perspective red grape of Negro, Podlesniy, 40 let Pobedy, Dostoyniy and white - Bianka and First-born Magaracha are investigated. The organoleptic characteristics of re-ceived ports is given. Positive influence is established and explained at en-tering in researched strong wine materials the autoly-sis of yeast processed by electromagnetic fields VLF or the MICROWAVE. Experimental results are shown and optimum parameters of a fermentation, thermal processing and conditions of entering of an autolysis of yeast, MICROWAVES - EXTRACTS are determined.
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe features of seeding and vegetative reproduction of Hibiscus Syrian (Hibiscus syriacus L.) in the South regions of Russia are accounted in the article. It is shown that the not sorted Hibiscuses reproduce better by seeds. Sowing is made before winter (November). The young growth appears on April-May of next year. The seedlings of first-year are wintering badly in the open soil; therefore, it is better to keep them in the basements in sand. When one-year seedlings are planting next spring we receive the standard seedling in the autumn this year. Planting material of high quality of Hibiscus Syrian was grown by means of inoculation and by the grafting method. It is recommended to execute an inoculation in the first tenday period of September. It is possible to execute the reproduction by means of inoculation in case of deficit of shoots of high quality plants and for the rapid fixing of sort. It is preferable to reproduce a Hibiscus Syrian by wood shoots in the frames or by green shoots in the unheated greenhouses in an autumn-winter period. The best results in the carried out research were got at planting shoots for further growth in the containers at the greenhouses with creating of shadow in a summer period. The high speed of shoots growth in the containers of cv. Duc de Brabant, cv. Woodbrige and cv. Russian Violet varieties are observed. The vegetative mass of shoots of cv. Speciosus, cv.Carneus Plenus and cv. Red Heart varieties increases more slowly. A conclusion follows, that the studied crop must take the deserving place in the assortment of decorative bushes of plant nursery farms
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Description
The article presents a study on agro-biological and technological indicators of Don indigenous wine grapes in the conditions of the Anapa-Taman area of the viticulture of the Krasnodar region. It was found that the introduced varieties are consistent with the conditions of the area and can be recommended for growing in production plantations in southern Russia. On ripening, the varieties are as follows: the early ripening varieties are Sibirkovy; a group of middle-ripening - Aligote, Plechistik, Varyushkin; to the medium-late - Bessergenevsky 10 and Krasnostop Anapsky. Highest yield was proved to for such grape varieties as Bessergenevsky 10 (150 kg / ha) and Varyushkin (140 kg / ha). Test grapes of Aligoté and Krasnostop Anapsky showed an average yield of 120 and 130 kg / ha, respectively, red and Sibirkovy Plechistik - 140 and 135 kg / ha. Comparing the current literature with the results, we noted the following notable differences: all the studied indigenous wine grapes in the conditions of the Anapa-Taman area of the Krasnodar region matured earlier, had higher productivity indexes and gave higher yields, than in the conditions of their homeland Rostov region
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SYSTEM-WIDE INDICATORS AND ASSESSMENT OF STABILITY OF REPRODUCTION PROCESSES IN BRANCH PRODUCTION
DescriptionMethodical approaches to assessment of stability of reproduction processes which cornerstone formation of system of the balanced indicators which is based on coordination of functional and system-wide stability is are developed. The system of estimated indicators of stability is offered. The analytical model of assessment of stability providing the choice of criteria of efficiency and formation of system of estimated indicators is developed, as well as the analysis of dynamics of the external influencing factors, productive and economic indicators, financial and economic indicators; identification of the most characteristic and significant functional interrelations and dimension of interference of factors; assessment of reproduction opportunities of subjects of branch business. Calculation of an integrated indicator of financial and economic stability is performed. The complex assessment of stability providing combination of private indicators of eco-economic, technological and economic, financial and economic stability in an integrated indicator by means of methods of multidimensional correlation is given. The analysis of the factors influencing the level of stability and efficiency allowing estimating reproduction opportunities of the economic entities making grapes and wine-making production to define interrelations and interferences between resultant indicators and factorial signs and also to designate the arising disproportions is carried out. The generalizing characteristic of the macroeconomic, market and production factors influencing stability of reproduction processes in industrial wine growing is given. Based on the carried-out analysis of the factors causing stability and efficiency of reproduction processes in industrial production of grapes, the main reasons reducing stability of branch production are established
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PRUNING OF FRUIT-BEARING ORCHARDS OF APPLE ON MIDDE TALL ROOTSTOCKS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the North Caucasus there is about 50% of fruit plantations of the old type: stocks with strong and low power of growth, planting density from 320 to 416 trees/ha. The trees reach 6 feet high, the crown is thickened, minor crops and poor quality. One of the main causes of low profitability of such plantations is low intensity of pruning
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Description
This article is devoted to the definition of criteria for the functioning of agrocenoses. It is determined that the functioning of agrocenoses largely depends on the resource potential: used ecological zones, applied technologies, technological operations and regulations. The basis of effective reproduction and sustainability of agrocenoses is the optimal balance of resources used. The work purpose is the substantiation of optimal parameters of resource intensity of the technological processes in horticulture and the determination of the limits of sustainability of agrocenoses under anthropogenic influences. The integrated assessment of resource intensity of production and technological processes in industrial fruit growing for optimization of its parameters of resource intensity is given. The optimum of reproduction possibilities and limits of stability of agroecosystem components in comparability with the level of technogenic load is achieved by means of regulation of permissible anthropogenic loads in separate elements of agroecosystem and resource balance of elements and processes. The limits of sustainability of fruit agrocenosis under anthropogenic influences are substantiated as well. Regression dependences on technological processes in the context of certain types of resources used are established: capital (depreciation), turnover (material consumption and coefficient of consolidation) and labor (wage). The complex coefficient of efficiency of the economic mechanism of resource saving is defined. The article substantiates optimal parameters of resource-intensive production and technological processes in industrial horticulture. We have also calculated the normative value of the total index of resource intensity of technological processes
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Description
An integral assessment of the resource intensity of production and technological processes in industrial fruit growing is given. The limits of the stability of fruit agrocenoses under technogenic impacts are substantiated. Regressive dependencies were established for technological processes in the context of certain types of resources used: capital (depreciation), working capital (consumption of materials and the coefficient of consolidation) and labor (wage intensity). The optimal parameters of resource-intensiveness of production and technological processes in industrial fruit growing are substantiated
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article considers the types of functional stability of reproduction processes in industrial fruit growing. We have substantiated the necessity of developing methodological bases for ensuring and managing the stability of reproduction processes. Methodological bases for managing the stability of reproduction processes have been developed, taking into account the specifics of industrial fruit growing as a complex organized system, consisting of biological, technogenic and economic subsystems. We have also proposed an algorithm for ensuring and managing the sustainability of reproduction processes, which is the basis for the development of digital technologies for managing the sustainability and efficiency of industrial production. The work reveals and defines factors influencing the level of sustainability and efficiency of reproductive processes, the relationship and interaction between result indicators and factor variables; it identifies emerging imbalances in the organization of reproduction processes in industrial fruit growing. Using methods of mathematical statistics, we calculated an integral indicator of the functional stability of reproductive processes and gave its semantic interpretation. It was found that the structural elements of reproduction processes are inconsistent with the actual indicators that characterize functional stability, with the normative parameters. This trend makes it necessary to develop a mechanism for managing sustainability and tools for influencing functional zones in order to bring actual indicators to the standard level. When developing tools for sustainability management, the following were clarified: management methods, process goal setting, functional load of the management object, level of organization, various restrictions (criteria) related to the specifics of technological and economic relationships and mutual influences. We have developed a mechanism for ensuring and managing the functional stability of reproduction processes in industrial fruit growing by its types, including the following stages: automated database formation; cognitive analysis of the influence of factors on the functional areas of influence by types of stability; assessment of functional stability and justification of the integral indicator; filling in, compensating for missing information, generating information data; determining the optimal parameters of functional stability; developing regulators for leveling functional imbalances in the organization of reproduction processes that ensure effective and sustainable management of industrial production