03.00.00 Biological sciences
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Description
The article presents the results of the research carried out in 2007-2014. The aim of the study was the composition of the microflora of the leaf surface of some plants of the family Grossulariaceae. Based on these data, the authors distinguish the typical representatives of the leaf surface microflora. The authors study the features of isolated strains interactions
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SPECIES COMPOSITION OF ALGOFLORA IN AGROCENOSIS OF KUBAN
DescriptionSpecies composition and abundance of soil algal flora were studied in the Central zone of the Krasnodar region on crops of crops cultivated by various technologies. In the algal flora of the studied area, 48 species of soil algae and cyanobacteria from 28 genera and 18 families, 7 classes and 4 divisions were identified. The largest and numerous in number of species are the departments: Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta. Extensive delivery: Oscillatoria, Gloeocapsa. They account for 22 % of the total number of species. A negative effect of herbicides on number and species composition of soil algae was noted. In all variants of their application there was no form of Klebsormidium flaccidum (Kützing). The number of species of Chlorella vulgaris Beyer. was low, Botrydiopsis arhiza Borzi. It is believed that these species of algae can be used as bioindicators. The positive effect of mineral fertilizers and the aftereffect of introducing organic matter on the soil algal flora have been established. In these variants the deleterious effect of herbicides was reduced. According to the calculated regression equations, the applied mineral fertilizers to a greater extent weakened the negative effect of herbicides on the total number of populations than the aftereffect of introduced organics
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SPECIES DIVERSITY OF LONG GOURD LAGENARIA SICERARIA (MOLINA) STANDL
DescriptionThe issues of international spread of fruits of long gourd lagenaria and the introduction of it in culture are considered in the article. We have shown how to use it as a vegetable crop and considered varietal diversity of this species. The biological characteristics of lagenaria cultivation as vegetable plants, including peculiarities of the reproductive system have been marked. We have also considered the issues of cultivation and distribution of long gourd lagenaria (zycca) for food
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VARIETY OF MICROORGANISMS GROUPS LIVING ON BERRIES OF GRAPES
DescriptionThe wide variety of microorganisms has been identified in many wine-making countries on the berries of grapes. These are yeasts of different families, forms and kinds, bacterium, mold fungi. In the article, we present the results of investigating species composition of microflora of berries of white and red types of grape, which grows in different economies of the Krasnodar region and the republic of Abkhaziya. The sowings onto the elective media were conducted for the development of entire spectrum of yeast. The grown colonies after preliminary microscoping were separated into the cultures and subjected to testing according to the culturalmorphological signs, being guided by determinants and benefits. It was established the specific variety of microflora on the surface of the berries of grapes of all investigated types, without dependence on the place of their growth. Obtained data showed that the group of yeast, which constantly is present in the complex of the epiphytic microorganisms of grapes of Saccharomyces, Pichia, Hansenula, Hanseniaspora was characteristic for all types of grapes in all investigated regions. The heterogeneity of the taxonometric composition of microflora is shown. Prevailed yeasts were of family Saccharomycetaceae, form Saccharomyces vini. A quantity of yeast of Saccharomyces vini decreases in a number of Myskhako-Caucasus-Fanagoriya, that as a whole will be coordinated with the climatic conditions. Only the type of Pinot nuar grapes had yeasts of Brettanomyces Dekkera. On the berries of Cabernets and Karaburnu we have discovered yeasts of Schisosaccharomyces acidodevoratus, causing acid-reduction. On the berries of the grapes, which grew in joint stock company APF “Fanagoriya” we haven’t revealed the presence of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus brevis and yeasts of the form of Schisosaccharomyces acidodevoratus. In the same farm the smallest quantity of yeastswreckers is noted, which we the forms of Pichia and Candida. In the microflora of Cabernets, Risling and, especially, Karaburnu grapes, we have found lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis. Lactobacillus plantarum. Among the bacteria the total quantity of coccic flora composes - 56 %, the rod-shaped - 44 %. Two types of active acetous bacteria are identified – Acetobacter aceti and Acetobacter xelinum. Especially high was their surface concentration on the berries of Kachich type of grapes
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INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN PRODUCTIVITY AND ELEMENTS OF ITS STRUCTURE AT GRADES OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT
DescriptionCorrelation interrelations of some morpho¬logical signs of winter wheat and their influ¬ence on productivity are established. Positive correlation communication of efficiency with weight of grain with an ear (r=0,70) is revealed
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Description
In herbaceous communities of annual crops dominate clean sowings, which are characterized by high productivity. However, it is very poorly adapted, different weak transformation of matter and energy and stronger exposed to stressful situations as compared to natural systems. In agroecosystems only structural diversity can supporting many processes on a much aligned level. In agrolandscape system creates mixed sowings that are practiced in forage production of many areas. Great importance is the selection of crops for joint sowing because the relationship of species in created systems are poorly investigated and documented in the literature is not enough. Investigations were carried out on experimental plots on the farm called "Zavety Ilyicha" of the Leningrad district and training farm called "Kuban" in Krasnodar. Formation of joint sowings in different moistening conditions, level of fertility, chemical and physical condition of the soil is a very big problem. Cultivation of different cultures in joint sowings significantly influences the terms the onset of main phases of vegetation in certain species. For example, the placement of sorghum between rows of soybean noticeably extended the period of its vegetation (5-7 days); acceleration of interphase periods was marked for amaranth; height of plant noticeably was changed, leaf area was varied, indicator of competitive features of individual species was differed. The existence of the relationship between the method of sowing crops, their farming practices and composition of species and population of microflora, mesofauna of soil, yield of dry matter and grain was observed
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INTERACTIONS OF GOLD, SILVER AND MAGNESIUM NANOPARTICLES WITH PLANTS
DescriptionThe review examines the recent years’ data pertaining to the interaction of plants with nanoparticles of noble metals (gold and silver) and with nanoparticles of magnesium as an element that has a central role in the organization of the cellular protein-synthesizing apparatus. Information is presented about the effect of gold and silver nanoparticles on plants and on possible nanoparticle phytotoxicity. It is shown that magnesium nanoparticles, as well as those of noble metals, produce various effects on the growth and productivity of plants, enabling the arsenal of biologically active substances to be expanded. Analysis is made of the involvement of magnesium nanoparticles in cryobiological reaction of the regular breakdown of plant RNA under conditions of ultra low temperatures, which is important not only for the further developments of views of the origin of life ob Earth but also for the purposes of designing new markers for the analysis of the biological peculiarities of agricultural crops on the basis of studies of magnesium in the long-lived RNA of their mature seeds. The presented critical analysis of the literature data, which are often incomplete and contradictory, suggest that a coordinated research program is needed that would detect correlation between particle parameters, experimental design, and observed biological effects
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INTERACTION OF OAK TREES AND SATELLITES IN SPACE
DescriptionThe article shows the influence of associated species on oak trees in small groups and evaluation of the state of the oak tree category depending on its surrounding
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INTRODUCTION OF NEW GRAPES VARIETIES TO THE IN VITRO CULTURE
DescriptionClonal micro-multiplication – is this the basic method of obtaining the qualitative virus-free planting material. The high quality specificity of the explants reaction of the grapes varieties to the composition of nutrient medium requires the individual selection of the medium components for the most successful multiplication in vitro. In the article we present the results of studies on the cultivation of the grapes apexes in vitro the modified medium with the reduced content of macrocells. As a result of conducted investigations we have established that for the grapes varieties of Academic Trubilin, Artemis, Gurman Kraynova, Maria Kallas, Nizina, Petit Verdo and Traminer Black the most effective introduction into the in vitro culture (acclimatization of apexes 80- 100%) occurs on modified nutrient medium to Murasige and Skoog (1962), by being differed in terms of the content macro-elements (mG/l): NH4NO3 – 1237; KNO3 – 1425; MgSO4 · 7N2O – 277,5; KN2PO4 · H2O – 277,5, of the vitamin Of v1 – 10,0 mG/l, nicotinic acid – 4 mG/l. Remaining varieties of Kishmish luchistiy, Preobrajenie, Roshfor K and Yubiley Novocherkasska in the same medium were developed slowly and in a different way
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INTRODUCTION OF SOME RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WESTERN CAUCASUS FLORA TO IN VITRO CULTURE
DescriptionThere were developed some methods of sterilization and introduction of the following endangered species of Caucasian flora to in vitro culture: Campanula sclerophylla Kolak., Lilium caucasicum Miscz. ex Grossh., Daphne woronowii Kolak., Pancratium maritimum L.. The effect of different plant hormones as well as their combinations and concentrations on the regeneration, growth and development of plants is studied. As a result of clonal propagation, more than 100 plants of Campanula sclerophylla Kolak, about 30 plants of Pancratium maritimum L., and 150 samples of Lilium caucasicum Miscz. Ex Grossh are saved in tissue culture